Data Communication and Networking
Data Communication and Networking
Data Communication and Networking
Interfacing Routing
Flow control
Communication Model - Diagram
Data Communications Model
Wide Area Networks
Large geographical area
Crossing public rights of way
Rely in part on common carrier circuits
Technologies
Circuit switching
Packet switching
Frame relay
Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM)
Circuit Switching
Dedicated communications path established for the
duration of the conversation.
The most common example of circuit switching is the
telephone network.
Packet Switching
Data sent out of sequence
Small chunks (packets) of data at a time
Packets passed from node-to-node between source
and destination (no dedicated path is required)
Packet switching is used for terminal to computer and
computer to computer communications.
Frame Relay
Packet switching systems have large overheads to
compensate for errors
Modern systems are more reliable
Errors can be caught in end system
Most overhead for error control is stripped out:
the original packet-switching networks were designed with a
data rate to the end user of about 64 kbps
frame relay networks are designed to operate efficiently at
user data rates of up to 2 Mbps.
The key to achieving these high data rates is to strip out
most of the overhead involved with error control.
Asynchronous Transfer Mode
ATM
Evolution of frame relay
Little overhead for error control
Fixed packet length (called cell):
By using a fixed packet length, the processing overhead is
reduced even further for ATM compared to frame relay
Anything from 10Mbps to Gbps
Constant data rate using packet switching technique
Transmission Medium
The basic building block of any communications facility
is the transmission line.
Selection of transmission medium is a basic choice:
internal use entirely up to business
long-distance links made by carrier
rapid technology advances made it mix
Copper Media
Optical fiber
Wireless
Local Area Networks
Smaller scope
Building or small campus
Usually owned by same organization as attached
devices
Data rates much higher
Usually broadcast systems
Now some switched systems and ATM are being
introduced
Metropolitan Area Networks
MAN
Middle ground between LAN and WAN
Private or public network
High speed
Large area
Inter Networking
Configuration