QUIZ 3

A. Discuss the concept of transnational Crime.

These are the crimes that actual have or potential effect that across the national borders and crimes
that are intrastate but offend fundamental values of the international community. There are violate of
law that involve more than one country in their planning, execution or impact Transnational crimes are
distinct from international crime, which involves crimes against humanity that may or may not involve
multiple countries.

B. Explain the following types of transnationals crime and discuss how it was operated.

a.) DRUG TRAFFICKING

It refers to illegal drugs being sold and distributed. Drug trafficking is a global illicit trade involving the
cultivation, manufacture, distribution and sale of substances which are subject to drug prohibition laws.
In the Declaration on the Rule of Law, Member States recognized the importance of strengthened
international cooperation in countering the world drug problem.

b.) MONEY LAUNDERING

Money laundering is the process of the criminals disguising the illegal origin of their money. Criminals
who get their actions such as prostitution, smuggling or computer fraud, the process hat criminals use in
an attempt to hide the illegal source of their income. By passing money through complex transfers and
transactions, or through a series of businesses, the money is clean of its illegitimate origin and made to
appear as legitimate business profits.

c.) ARMS TRAFFICKING

Is refers to the smuggling of guns, ammunition and other weapons. which constitutes part of a broad
range of illegal activities often associated with transnational criminal organizations. The illegal trade of
small arms, unlike other organized crime commodities, is more closely associated with exercising power
in communities instead of achieving economic gain. In a resolution to complement the Register with
legally binding obligations, a Firearms Protocol was incorporated into the UN Convention on
Transnational Organized Crime, which requires states to improve systems that control trafficked
ammunition and firearms.

d.) HUMAN TRAFFICKING

It is a crime against humanity it involves sale trade of humans for the purpose of forced labour, sexual
slavery, or commercial sexual exploitation for the trafficker or others. This may encompass providing a
spouse in the context of forced marriage or the extraction of organs or tissues including for surrogacy
and ova removal. Human trafficking can occur within a country or trans-nationally. Human trafficking is a
crime against the person because of the violation of the victim's rights of movement through coercion
and because of their commercial exploitation.

1. Discuss how international organization combat transnational Crime

Transnational organized crime requires a coordinated transnational response. As organized criminal

2. What is ideology

Body of ideas affecting the social needs and aspiration of an individual or group a class or culture while
bovier defines it is a set of doctrines a beliefs that from the basis of a political, economic and other
system.

3. What is Pathocracy

Wherein a small pathological minority take control over a society of normal people it is in this type of
government where all types of political ills arises and make it citizens suffer under its regime.

4. Research and make a discussion about the pertinent personalities that uses politics and ideology
to perpetrate crimes against humanity:

a.) Tiana men Square protest of 1989

The protests were precipitated by the death of pro-reform Communist general secretary Hu Yaobang in
April 1989 amid the backdrop of rapid economic development and social change in post-Mao China,
reflecting anxieties among the people and political elite about the country's future. The reforms of the
1980s had led to a nascent market economy that benefited some people but seriously disadvantaged
others, and the one-party political system also faced a challenge to its legitimacy. Common grievances at
the time included inflation, corruption, limited preparedness of graduates for the new economy, and
restrictions on political participation. Although they were highly disorganized and their goals varied, the
students called for greater accountability, constitutional due process, democracy, freedom of the press,
and freedom of speech. At the height of the protests, about one million people assembled in the
Square.

b.) East Timor Invasion

began on 7 December 1975 when the Indonesian military invaded East Timor under the pretext of anti-
communism to overthrow the Fretilin regime that had emerged in 1974. The overthrow of the popular
and briefly Fretilin-led government sparked a violent quarter-century occupation in which between
approximately 100,000–180,000 soldiers and civilians are estimated to have been killed or starved to
death. During the first months of the occupation, the Indonesian military faced heavy insurgency
resistance in the mountainous interior of the island, but from 1977–1978, the military procured new
advanced weaponry from the United States, Israel, and other countries, to destroy Fretilin's framework.

c.) Mao Zedong

Chairman Mao, was a Chinese communist revolutionary who was the founder of the People's Republic
of China (PRC), which he ruled as the chairman of the Chinese Communist Party from its establishment
in 1949 until his death in 1976. Ideologically a Marxist–Leninist, his theories, military strategies, and
political policies are collectively known as Maoism. During Mao's era, China was involved in the Korean
War, the Sino-Soviet split, the Vietnam War, and the rise of Khmer Rouge. Mao has been credited with
transforming China from a semicolony to a powerful sovereign state, and increased literacy and life
expectancy but also ruled an autocratic and totalitarian regime responsible for mass repression, as well
as destruction of religious and cultural artifacts and sites.It was additionally responsible for vast
numbers of deaths with estimates ranging from 40 to 80 million victims through starvation, persecution,
prison labour and mass executions.

d.) Joseph Vissarionovich stalin

Widely considered one of the 20th century's most significant figures, Stalin was the subject of a
pervasive personality cult within the international Marxist–Leninist movement, which revered him as a
champion of the working class and socialism. Since the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, Stalin has
retained popularity in Russia as a victorious wartime leader who established the Soviet Union as a major
world power. Conversely, his totalitarian government has been widely condemned for overseeing mass
repressions, ethnic cleansing, deportations, hundreds of thousands of executions, and famines that
killed millions.

e.) Jo Chi Minh

The details of Hồ Chí Minh's life before he came to power in Vietnam are uncertain. He is known to have
used between 50[5]:582 and 200 pseudonyms. Information on his birth and early life is ambiguous and
subject to academic debate. At least four existing official biographies vary on names, dates, places and
other hard facts while unofficial biographies vary even more widely. Aside from being a politician, Ho
was also a writer, a poet and a journalist. He wrote several books, articles and poems in French, Chinese
and Vietnamese.

f.) Hailey Selassie I

He has been criticized by some historians for his suppression of rebellions among the landed aristocracy
the mesafint which consistently opposed his reforms; some critics have also criticized Ethiopia's failure
to modernize rapidly enough. During his rule the Harari people were persecuted and many left the
Harari Region. His regime was also criticized by human rights groups, such as Human Rights Watch, as
autocratic and illiberal.

5. Discuss the nature of political crimes

Overview. At one extreme, crimes such as treason, sedition, and terrorism are political because they
represent a direct challenge to the government in power. Espionage is usually considered a political
crime Moreover, even an offence against non-governmental institutions, persons, or practices may be
deemed political.

6. Discuss Political Corruption

Over time, corruption has been defined differently. For example, in a simple context, while performing
work for a government or as a representative, it is unethical to accept a gift. Any free gift could be
construed as a scheme to lure the recipient towards some biases. In most cases, the gift is seen as an
intention to seek certain favors such as work promotion, tipping in order to win a contract, job or
exemption from certain tasks in the case of junior worker handing in the gift to a senior employee who
can be key in winning the favor.

7. Discuss what is choice theory

is based on the simple premise that every individual only has the power to control themselves and has
limited power to control others. Applying Choice Theory allows one to take responsibility for one's own
life and at the same time, withdraw from attempting to direct other people's decisions and lives.

8. Research the provision of RA 9160 and discuss its definition of terms.

It is hereby declared the policy of the State to protect and preserve the integrity and confidentiality of
bank accounts and to ensure that the Philippines shall not be used as a money laundering site for the
proceeds of any unlawful activity. Consistent with its foreign policy, the State shall extend cooperation
in transnational investigations and prosecutions of persons involved in money laundering activities
wherever committed.