Compilation of Notes and

Activities for

Week 3 (Topic 3)

Prepared by:

MA. JEANE FRANZ B. MASCARDO

College of Teacher Education
English Instructor

Disclaimer: No part of this module may be reproduced, distributed or transmitted for commercial purposes, in any form or by any means, including
photocopying, recording of other electronic or mechanical methods, without the prior written permission for the module developer.
 Purposive Communication is a three- unit course that develops students communicative competence and
Course
enhances their cultural and intercultural awareness through multimodal task that provide them opportunities for
Description
communicating effectively and appropriately to a multicultural audience in a local or global context.
Course
3 units
Units
 To equip students with tools for critical evaluation of variety of texts and focuses on the power of language and
the impact of images to emphasize the importance of conveying messages responsibly.
Course
 To apply the knowledge skills and insights that the students gain from this course may be used in their other
Goals
academic endeavors, their chosen disciplines and their future careers as they compose and produce relevant
oral, written, audio- visual and/ or web- based output for various purposes
By the end of the course, the student is able to:
 Communicate various forms of communication that enhances cultural and intercultural awareness to a
Course multicultural audience in a local or global context; and
Objectives  Use the appropriate tool for critical evaluation of texts that focuses on the power of language and the impact of
images emphasizing on the importance of conveying messages responsibly.

Course Materials

The materials for this course are composed of various web resources (e-texts, web articles, and online videos). The
resources to be used for specific module, including their links, are listed in the corresponding study guide. Access the
course materials and study them carefully.

Study Schedule

This module of learning serves as your guide as you study the course. Keep in mind the tasks that you must accomplish
and the deadlines to meet. If you have any queries regarding with the activities, you can reach me through messenger
(@franzmascardo) or through email ([email protected]). I hope that you would learn a lot of things from this
module. Good luck!

Week Topic Learning Activities

1. Self-introduction
2. Read Course Guide, Study Tips, the guides to
Week 1 each course requirement, and articles about
Introduction & Course Orientation
September 22-25, 2020 Plagiarism.
3. Do the preliminary activities of this course.
4. Download and study resources for Module 1.
1. Read Lesson 1 objectives.
Module 1: 2. Answer introductory questions first before
Chapter 1: Understanding the 21st reading the lessons.
Week 2
Century Communication 3. Read the lesson and join the discussion forum
September 28- October
Lesson 1: Communication Components, via Messenger
2, 2020
Principles, and Ethics 4. Do the graded activity and your assignment
guided by the rubrics below.
5. Pass your modules at the end of the week.
1. Read lesson 2 objectives.
2. Read the lesson and join the discussion forum
via Messenger.
Week 3 Lesson 2: Communication Models 3. Analyze the diagrams given as you read the
October 5- 9, 2020 concepts.
4. Answer the discussion questions and the
assignment guided by the rubrics below.
5. Pass your module at the end of the week.
1. Read lesson 2 objectives.
2. Read the lesson and join the discussion forum
via Messenger.
Week 4 3. Analyze the diagrams given as you read the
Lesson 3: Types of Communication
October 12-16, 2020 concepts.
4. Answer the discussion questions and the
assignment guided by the rubrics below.
5. Pass your module at the end of the week.
Course Requirements

o Assignment 25%
o Activity 25%
o Asynchronous Online Discussion, 30%
Activities & Attendance
o Final Requirement 20%
100%
CHAPTER 1 Understanding the 21st Century Communication

Lesson 3: Types of Communication

Let’s Achieve These!

 Identify the different types of communication according to mode and context.

 Analyze communication behavior and give ways on how to improve it.
 Create a comic depicting the use of verbal, non-verbal and visual communication.

Concept Grounding

Communication can be defined as a process for transmitting information and a common understanding. One individual
to the other (Keyton, 2011). It focuses on other contact mechanisms and also on groups of people that constitute a
communication situation. Different contexts can have an impact on one's communication. Growing method of
communication shall be regulated by a specific circumstance. It is therefore essential to pay attention and to interplay to
factors that may be physical, cultural, social and psychological in the context of communication.

TYPES OF COMMUNICATION ACCORDING TO MODE

Message can be imparted across these types; verbal-non-verbal and visual. While communication is often thought of as
verbal, non-verbal mode is just as important as it strengthens one’s message.

VERBAL COMMUNICATION

Verbal communication refers to the mode of communication in which the message is conveyed orally. Verbal contact is
achieved by speech, voice, or a piece of paper. The goal of any communication is to make people understand what we
are trying to say.

A. Oral Communication

Spoken words are found in oral speech. It includes face-to - face conversations, speech, telephone conversations, video,
radio, television, internet voice. Communication is influenced by volume, speed and clarity of speech.

Advantages Disadvantages
Quickness in exchange of ideas Unfit for lengthy message
Flexibility Unfit for policy matters
Personal touch Lack of written proof
Removal of misunderstanding Expensive method
Lack of clarity
Misuse of time
Presence of both the parties is necessary

B. Written Communication

Written signs or symbols are used to communicate in written communication. Messages can be sent by e-mail, letter,
report, memo, etc. It is also influenced by the vocabulary and grammar used, the style of writing, the precision and the
clarity of the language used.

Advantages Disadvantages
Suitable for lengthy messages Unfit for uneducated persons
Written proof Lack of secrecy
Clear message No quick feedback
Less expensive method
Presence of both parties
True and effective
NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION

It's a communication through signs

and symbols. Non-verbal can go
without verbal communication, but
the latter cannot go without the
other. It is considered to be the
most effective communication,
because the tone of voice and body
language can convey the message
effectively rather than just verbally.

Types of Non-verbal Communication

 Facial Expression – The face is the index of the mind, the facial expression we can display or we can recognize
joy, sorrow, rage and fear, and much more. Looking at a person's face is always the first thing we see, even
before we hear what they have to say. Although non-verbal communication and actions can differ significantly
across cultures, the facial expressions of joy, sorrow, frustration, and fear are similar throughout the world.

 Eye – Looking at another person can show a variety of emotions, such as rage, grudge, and risk, a dangerous
look will tell you that someone is upset and not comfortable with you. Eyes play an important role in non-verbal
communication, and such things as looking, staring and blinking are important non-verbal behaviors. As people
meet people or things they like, the rate of blinking rises and decreases and their pupils dilate.

People also use eye gaze as a means of determining whether someone is being honest. Natural, steady eye
contact is also seen as a sign that a person is telling the truth and is trustworthy. Shifty eyes and an inability to
maintain eye contact, on the other hand, are also used as a sign of someone lying or being deceptive.

 Gesture - Delivery of gestures and signals is an effective way to express meaning without words. Popular
movements include waves, pointing, and the use of fingers to signify quantitative numbers. Other gestures are
arbitrary and culturally related. In courtroom settings, lawyers have been known to use different non-verbal
signals to attempt to influence the opinions of the jury.

An attorney might glance at his watch to indicate that the opposing lawyer’s claim is tiresome or might even
turn his attention to the witness's testimony in an effort to discredit his or her credibility. Such non-verbal
gestures are seen to be so strong and dominant that some judges have set limits to what kind of non-verbal
activity is permitted in the courtroom.

 Body language and Posture - Posture and gesture may also convey a lot of details. Research on body language
has developed dramatically since the 1970s, but mainstream media have concentrated on over-interpreting
defensive postures, arm-crossing, and leg-crossing, particularly after the publication of Julius Fast 's book Body
Language. Although these non-verbal actions that signify feelings and attitudes, research indicates that body
language is much more nuanced and less definite than commonly believed.
  Haptics - Communicating by contact is another essential non-verbal action. Much research has been conducted
on the significance of touch in infancy and early childhood. Examples of this would be, pat on the back / head,
shake hands, high five.

 Personal Appearance - Color psychology research has shown that different colors can evoke different moods.
The presence can also alter physiological responses, perceptions and interpretations.

Just think about all the subtle assumptions you’re able to make about someone based on their appearance. Such
initial impressions are significant, which is why experts recommend that job seekers dress appropriately for
interviews with potential employers.

Researchers have found that appearance can play a role in how people are viewed, and how much they receive.
A 1996 study showed that lawyers considered more attractive than their colleagues paid almost 15% more than
those considered less attractive.

Culture is an important influence on how beauty is judged. While thinness appears to be valued in western
cultures, some African cultures attribute full-figure bodies to better health, income and social status.

 Proxemics (Space Language) – to communicate while keeping a distance is called proxemics. The distance we
need and the amount of space we consider as belonging to us are determined by a variety of factors , including
social norms, situational factors , personality characteristics and familiarity.

 Chronemics - The use of time in non-verbal communication is formally known as chronemics-the analysis of the
way in which time is used and interpreted. In direct communication, the use of time can convey a powerful non-
verbal message. This message is also conveyed via the following two timing applications.
As far as punctuality/patience to wait is concerned, time can be used as a status predictor. For example, in most
industries, the boss might interrupt the process of holding some kind of meeting in the middle of the working
day, so the average worker will have to make an appointment to see the boss. Speed of speech/how long people
are able to listen can have a big impact on the effectiveness of the verbal message.

TYPES OF COMMUNICATION ACCORDING TO CONTEXT

1. Intrapersonal Communication - a communication that happens in your own mind. It's the foundation of your
emotions and your values.

Examples are when you make any kind of decision – what to eat or
wear. When you think about something – what you want to do on the
weekend or when you think about another person.

2. Interpersonal Communication – a communication between two or more people

 Examples are when you are talking to your friends. A teacher and
student discussing an assignment.

a. Dyadic Communication – is a communication between 2 individuals in a personal relationship that is built up

over time and involves their thoughts and feelings at a certain level.

b. Small Group - is communication within formal or informal groups or teams. It is group interaction that results
in decision making, problem solving and discussion within an organization. Examples would be a
group planning a surprise birthday party for someone. A team working together on a project.

c. Public - public communication is a sender-focused mode of communication in which one person is usually
responsible for transmitting information to an audience. Public speaking is something that many
people fear or at least do not enjoy. But, just like group communication, public speaking is an
important part of our academic , professional, and civic life. Compared to interpersonal and group
communication , public communication is the most deliberate, structured, and goal-oriented mode of
communication we have explored so far.

d. Mass - public communication is mass communication as it is conveyed to a lot of people by print or electronic
media. Print media, such as newspapers and magazines, continue to be an significant medium of mass
communication, although they have suffered a great deal over the last decade, partially as a result of
the increase of online media. Television, websites, forums , and social media are mass networking
outlets that you are likely to connect with on a daily basis. Many examples of mass media are radio,
podcasts, and books.

Unlike interpersonal, group, and public communication, there is no immediate verbal and non-verbal
feedback loop in mass communication. Of course, you might write a letter to a newspaper editor or
send an e-mail to a television or radio station in response to a report, but there is no direct input on
face-to - face experiences.

TRADITIONAL MODES OF COMMUNICATION

Face-to - face communication is the most common and widely used means of communication. This includes a casual
conversation between two or more people and a business meeting. Face-to - face is a very easy method of
communication that everybody has experienced. It doesn't require any extra materials, making it the cheapest
communication option. It's also fast, so you get the advantage of visual feedback from the person or people you’re
talking with. One benefit of face-to - face contact is that, aside from directly hearing.  You can find non-verbal clues in the
message being transmitted by facial expressions, gestures, actions, or even objects, or you can recognize the shape of
the person you are interacting with.

“Before you speak, think. Is it necessary? Is it true? Is it kind? Will it hurt anyone? Will it improve on the silence?”
- Sri Sathya Sai Baba

GRADED ACTIVITY: CREATING AN ANALYZATION OF YOUR COMMUNICATION BEHAVIOR

Directions: Prove that communication is both frequent and important by observing your interactions for a one-day
period. Record every occasion in which you are involved in some sort of communication as it is defined on your previous
notes. Create a report (essay form) of your findings with the help of the following questions below. Write your report in
a short bond paper and paste it on this page,

 What percentage of your waking day is involved in communication?

 What percentage of time do you spend communicating in the following contexts: intrapersonal, dyadic, small
group, and public?
 What percentage of your communication is devoted to satisfying each of the following types of needs: physical,
identity, social, and practical? (Note that you might try to satisfy more than one type at a time.)
 Based on your analysis, describe five to ten ways you would like to communicate more effectively. For each item
on your list of goals, describe who is involved (e.g., "my boss," "people I meet at parties") and how you would
like to communicate differently (e.g., "act less defensively when criticized," "speak up more instead of waiting
for them to approach me").

ASSIGNMENT

Directions: Create a comic (5 scenarios) where the situation depicts a concrete use of verbal, non-verbal and visual
communication. Paste your own work on this blank page.
Rubrics & Criteria:

Rubric for Essay Writing

Category 4 3 2 1 Score
Ideas This paper is clear and The writer is beginning Topic is not well- As yet, the paper has no clear
focused. It holds the reader's to define the topic, defined and/or there sense of purpose or central
attention. Relevant details even though are too many topics. theme. To extract meaning from
and quotes enrich the central development is still the text, the reader must make
theme. basic or general. inferences based on sketchy or
missing details.
Organization The organization enhances The organizational Sentences within The writing lacks a clear sense
and showcases the central structure is strong paragraphs make of direction. Ideas, details, or
idea or theme. The order, enough to move the sense, but the order of events seem strung together in
structure of information is reader through the paragraphs does not. a loose or random fashion;
compelling and moves the text without too much there is no identifiable internal
reader through the text. confusion structure.
Sentence The writing has an easy flow, The text hums along The text seems choppy The reader has to practice quite
rhythm, and cadence. with a steady beat, but and is not easy to read a bit in order to give this paper a
Fluency Sentences are well built, with tends to be more orally. fair interpretive reading.
strong and varied structure businesslike than
that invites expressive oral musical, more
reading. mechanical than fluid.
Conventions The writer demonstrates a The writer shows The writer seems to Errors in spelling, punctuation,
good grasp of standard reasonable control have made little effort capitalization, usage, and
writing conventions (e.g., over a limited range of to use conventions: grammar and/or paragraphing
spelling, punctuation, standard writing spelling, punctuation, repeatedly distract the reader
capitalization, grammar, conventions. capitalization, usage, and make the text difficult to
usage, paragraphing) and uses Conventions are grammar and/or read.
conventions effectively to sometimes handled paragraphing have
enhance readability. well and enhance multiple errors.
readability; at other
times, errors are
distracting and impair
readability.
Presentation The form and presentation of The writer's message is The writer's message is The reader receives a garbled
the text enhances the ability understandable in this only understandable message due to problems
for the reader to understand format. occasionally, and relating to the presentation of
and connect with the paper is messily the text, and is not typed.
message. It is pleasing to the written.
eye.

Rubric for Creating Comic Strip

Category 4 3 2 1 Score
The pictures and All but 1 of the All but 2 of the More than 2 of the pictures
captions reflect an pictures and captions pictures and captions and captions reflect little
exceptional degree of reflect an exceptional reflect an exceptional degree of student
Creativity student creativity. degree of student degree of student creativity.
There is great creativity. creativity.
attention to detail.
All 20 panels relate to Only 15 panels relate Only 10 panels relate Less than 10 panels relate
Theme the theme. to the theme. to the theme. to the theme.
The main characters The main characters The main characters It is hard to tell who the
are clearly identified, are clearly identified, are identified but not main characters are.
Characters and and their actions and and their actions and well developed and
Dialogue dialogue are dialogue match most their actions and
wellmatched to each of the time. dialogue are too
other. general.
Landscape and props Landscape and props Landscape and props Landscape and props seem
are directly related to are directly related to are generally related to randomly chosen OR
the theme or purpose the theme or purpose the theme or purpose distract the reader.
Landscape and
of the comic and of the comic. of the comic.
Props enhance
understanding of the
scene.
Spelling, There are no spelling, There are 1-3 spelling, There are 4-5 spelling, There are more than 5
Punctuation, and punctuation, or punctuation, or punctuation, and spelling, punctuation, and
grammar errors. grammar errors. grammar errors. grammar errors.
Grammar