International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 06 Issue: 09 | Sep 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

Design and Implementation of IOT Based Greenhouse Environment

Monitoring and Controlling System Using Arduino Platform
Devanath S1, Hemanth Kumar A.R2, Rachita Shettar3
1M.Tech student, Dept of Electronics and Communication, Bangalore institute of technology, Bengaluru, India
2Prof.Dept of Electronics and Communication, Bangalore institute of technology, Bengaluru, India
3Software Engineer, Preva System Pvt Ltd, Bengaluru, India

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Abstract - Greenhouses are controlled area environment to automatically by reducing the need of tasks of turning
grow plants. As the limitation of existing greenhouse plants ON/OFF switches. Automation cannot completely eliminate
is that it is not operated automatically and has to be or reduces the human errors but it minimizes them at
operated manually with different records. In order to certain levels. It is the need of today's world that everything
achieve the optimum growth of plants, the continuous should be realistic or remotely controlled. Here, assuming
monitoring and controlling of environmental parameters the owner of greenhouse can control and monitored his
such as temperature, humidity, soil moisture, light intensity greenhouse from anywhere. Owner need not to go over their
etc. are necessary for our greenhouse system. This paper continuously at every time and check the conditions. Owner
demonstrates a checking and control system for nursery has to sit at one place and continuously monitored and
through Internet of Things (IOT). The system will screen the controlled the number of greenhouses at a time with
undeniable common conditions, for instance, moistness, soil comfortably.. WiFi module NodeMCU plays an important role
immersion, temperature, closeness of fire, etc. All the in send the data to platform, eliminating the needs of cables
environment parameters data are send to cloud using WiFi or wired connections which automatically reduces the cost.
module NodeMCU esp8266. If any condition crosses certain So, considering all the facts in the mind we are designing the
limits related actuator will be turned ON. The IOT based greenhouse system.
microcontroller will as such turn on the motor if the earth
stickiness isn't generally a particular worth. The user can The rest of the paper is organized as follows: Section II deals
screen and control parameters through mobile and with the literature survey. Section III presents the
computer. The model was attempted under various blends of Methodology of the system. Section IV deals with the
obligations to our examination office and the test outcomes Hardware and Software tools used to implement the system.
were found as expected. Section V gives flow chat. Section VI gives case study. VII
gives Computational Analysis on Environmental Parameters.
Key Words: Greenhouse, Monitoring, Controlling, Arduino, Section. VIII gives Experimental results and analysis. Finally
Sensors, IOT, NodeMCU. Section IX presents concluding remarks.

1. INTRODUCTION 2. LITERATURE SURVEY

The atmospheric or environmental condition plays an The demand for the food crops is more in the present
important role for growth of the plants Greenhouse farmers scenario. Now a day the cultivation of the crops in the
cannot precisely detect level of level of humidity inside the greenhouse under specified conditions which is suitable for
green house. They only know the condition inside the green the crops is increased.
house manually and by feel it by themselves. Ultimately,
experiences play a bigger part on their daily operations. If In sensor based automated irrigation system with IoT Karan
the condition is too dry, they will give water to the plants, Kansara, et al [1] explains about the automated technology of
but if it is too humid, they will open the rooftop of the green irrigation. The sensors used send the interrupt signal to the
house, especially in the daylight. microcontroller by gathering temperature and humidity
conditions. Using MAX232, the GSM and microcontroller
In order to achieve the modifications of optimum growth to were connected. The moisture sensor detects the moisture
achieve high yield of plants at lower cost, good quality and
low environmental loads, it is necessary to have the value and the signal to mobile through microcontroller thus it
effectiveness in greenhouse crop production. With the help reduces the power resulting in lower power consumption.
of IOT we are going to control the greenhouse which is
equipped with the cooling, heating, soil immersion etc. This An Arduino based control system in an intelligent farming
IOT based greenhouse can be controlled from anywhere by Narayut Putjaika, et al [2] explains about the improvement of
focusing the environmental parameters like temperature the production process in plating which composes of two
and humidity. An individual person can controlled these parts which are a sensor system and a control system.
environmental parameters of greenhouse by automatically. Kalman filtering is used to smooth the sensed data where the
Automation plays an important role for doing the things

© 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.34 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1865
 International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 06 Issue: 09 | Sep 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

weather condition is predicted based on a decision tree light power isn't regularly fixed motivation driving
method. confinement regard then electric light which is connected
with the hand-off will be turned on or else light will in the off
An IoT based smart GPS system robot was implemented to condition. PH sensor is used to measure ph of the soil.
perform tasks like splashing, moisture sensing, etc by
Nikesh, et al [3] Then the entire sensor data are sending to cloud through
NODEMCU (esp8266) module is interfaced with Arduino.
3. METHODOLOGY User can monitor and control the environment parameters
using computer or mobile.
The implemented greenhouse system consists of two section,
monitoring section and controlling section. The monitoring 4. HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE TOOLS USED TO
section consists of DHT11 sensor, LDR sensor, Soil moisture IMPLEMENT THE SYSTEM
sensor, pH sensor, fire sensor, DS18B20 temperature sensor
and flow meter sensor to monitor the environmental 4.1 Arduino UNO
parameters. A NodeMCU esp8266 is used to send
environmental parameters to IOT cloud platform. The Arduino is an open-source gadgets sort out dependent on
controlling section consists of cooling fan, exhausts fan, simple to-utilize rigging and programming. Arduino sheets
water pump, artificial light and buzzer. Arduino can inspect inputs - light on a sensor, a finger on a catch, or a
microcontroller forms the heart of the system. The block Twitter message - and transform it into a yield - prompting
diagram of greenhouse monitoring and controlling system is an engine, turning on a LED, dispersing something on the
shown in fig. 1. web. You can control your board by sending a lot of
guidelines to the microcontroller on the board. To do
everything thought of you as utilize the Arduino
programming language, and the Arduino Software (IDE), in
context on Processing. Arduino has been the cerebrum of
thousands of activities, from typical articles to complex
reasonable instruments. Fig. 2 shows Arduino Uno.

Fig -2: Arduino UNO

4.2 NodeMCU

NodeMCU is an open source IoT platform. It wires firmware

Fig -1: Block Diagram which keeps running on the ESP8266 Wi-Fi SoC from
Espressif Systems, and apparatus which depends upon the
In this endeavor Arduino is the standard controller used to ESP-12 module. The verbalization "NodeMCU" according to
interface all the sensors. When the soil doused state sensor ordinary technique suggests the firmware instead of the
regard isn't ordinarily the motivation driving constrainment improvement units. The firmware utilizes the Lua scripting
regard, controller recollects that it and turns on the water language. It depends upon the eLua experience, and reliant
siphon. precisely when water siphon is on water will course on the Espressif Non-OS SDK for ESP8266. Fig. 3 shows
through the water stream meter sensor and water meter NodeMCU
sensor will look at the dimension of water travel through the
pipe in liters and when the immersion of soil regard taking
off to the ordinary run, again controller sense it and turns off
the water siphon. In the event that fire is going on in any
condition, controller recalls that it and turns on the LED and
ringer. DHT 11 sensor is used to check both humidity and
temperature, when temperature and humidity looking dht11
sensor crosses the edge regard then the two fans will be
turned on. Else the two fans will be in the off condition. LDR Fig -3: Node MCU
sensor is used to measure the intensity of the light, when

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 International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 06 Issue: 09 | Sep 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

4.3 DHT11 Sensor

DHT11 Temperature and Humidity Sensor is used to

measure the both temperature and humidity. It joins a
temperature and dampness sensor complex with a balanced
automated sign yield. By utilizing the five star pushed sign
confirming technique, temperature and stickiness perceiving Fig -6: PH Sensor
progression, it guarantees high relentless quality and
brilliant entire arrangement quality. This sensor combines a 4.6 LDR Sensor
resistive-type soaked quality estimation part and a NTC
temperature estimation piece, and associates with a LDR (Light Dependent Resistor) sensor module is used to
dominating 8-bit microcontroller, offering unbelievable measure light intensity. It has both analog output pin and
quality, quick reaction, antagonistic as far as possible and digital output pin. If light intensity increases, resistance of
cost-reasonableness. Fig. 4 shows DHT11 sensor LDR decreases. If light intensity decreases, resistance of LDR
increases. The sensor has a potentiometer knob that can be
used to adjust the sensitivity of LDR towards light Fig. 7
shows LDR sensor.

Fig -4: DHT 11 Sensor

Fig -7: LDR Sensor
4.4 Soil Moisture Sensor
4.7 Arduino IDE
The Soil Moisture Sensor uses capacitance to survey
dielectric permittivity of the joining medium. The sensor The Arduino Integrated Development Environment or
makes a voltage relating to the dielectric permittivity, and Arduino Software (IDE). Arduino IDE is official software
everything considered the water substance of the earth. Soil introduced by Arduino.cc, contains a text editor for writing
soaked state an earth wetness sensor assesses the extent of code, a message area, a text console, a toolbar with buttons
water contained in a material, for instance, soil on a for common functions and a series of menus. It connects to
volumetric or gravimetric reason.. Soil soaked quality the Arduino / Genuino hardware to upload programs and
sensors routinely insight sensors that measure volumetric communicate with them. Fig. 8 shows Environment of
water content. Fig. 5 shows soil moisture sensor. Arduino IDE

Fig -5: Soil Moisture Sensor

4.5 PH Sensor Fig -8: Environment of Arduino IDE

pH sensor is used to measure pH of the soil. The pH indicates 5. Flow Chart

a solution’s acidity or alkalinity. pH sensor consists of a pH
The flow chart of the system was shown in Fig. 9 flow chart
probe and a pH sensor module. The pH probe has two
explains the flow of project, the microcontroller, NodeMCU
electrodes, one is a glass electrode and other is reference
and all sensors are initialized, and then the sensors will read
electrode. Both electrodes are hollow bulbs containing a
the physical data from the environment .once data is read
potassium chloride solution with a silver chloride wire
sensors will send to the microcontroller. From the
suspended into it. pH probe measures the electrochemical
microcontroller data will sent to the user which will further
potential between a known liquid inside the glass electrode
shown in the users mobile , then if sensors values crosses the
and an unknown liquid outside. pH sensor module consists
Threshold value actuator will turn on else actuators will be
of potentiometer to vary the value of the sensor. Fig. 6 shows
in the off condition.
PH sensor.
All the components are initialized by supplying the required
power of +5V. All sensors, DHT11 sensor, LDR sensor, Soil

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 International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 06 Issue: 09 | Sep 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

moisture sensor, flame sensor, flow meter sensor, DS18B20

sensor and pH sensor are used. A cooling fan, exhaust, fan,
water pump, artificial light and Buzzer are also connected to
the Arduino. An ESP8266 NODEMCU is used to send
environmental parameters to cloud. All environmental
parameters are sending to server through NODEMCU and
stored in the database. So the user can monitor and control
parameters through mobile. The user can log in the platform
by using username and password.

DHT11 sensor is used to measure temperature and humidity.

High temperature causes leaves to wilt and affect the ability
of crops to produce fruit. An overheated greenhouse causes
the soil to dry out quickly and use more water. By using a
monitoring system, users can be alerted to threatening
conditions. When temperature exceeds a defined level, the
system turns on the fan. The present status of the
environmental parameters is sent to the mobile user. When
the temperature comes to the normal range, the system
turns off the fan. High humidity affects plants transpiration
and photosynthesis process. When plants absorb water and
minerals from the soil through their roots, transpiration
assists these nutrients to the leaves. If the humidity is too
high, the process slows down, preventing the absorption of Fig -9: Flow Chart
nutrients. Without the release of moisture, plants lose their
6. CASE STUDY
ability to cool themselves. When humidity exceeds a defined
level, the system turns on the exhaust fan. When the Case study is the process of examining data sets in order to
humidity comes to the normal range, the system turns off the draw conclusions about the information they contain,
exhaust fan. increasingly with the aid of specialized systems and
software. The Tomato and Brinjal is the crop used for the
LDR sensor measures light intensity. As the light quantity
case study for implemented system.
decreases the photosynthetic process decreases. When light
intensity is lower than a defined level, the system turns on 6.1 CASE STUDY 1: TOMATO PLANT
the artificial light. When the light intensity comes to the
normal range, the system turns off the artificial light. Soil To grow the healthy and good tomato plant ,thus required
moisture sensor measures the moisture content in soil. temperature between 17-35*C, light intensity 35- 70 Lux,
Water is very important for plant growth. When the soil moisture content is greater than 10%, humidity is 20-60.By
moisture sensor does not sense moisture in soil then the implementing our system we can grow the good and healthy
system turns on the water pump. When the moisture in soil plant. Whenever the temperature and humidity increase
comes to the normal range, the system turns off the water above the required temperature fan turn on and cool down
pump. Water flow sensor is used to measure the total the temperature, when light intensity is less the required the
amount of water flows to the plants. Flame sensor is used to system turns on the light and when it comes to required
detect the fires flames, when the fire flame detected the level system turn off the light. When moisture content in the
system turns on the Buzzer and LED. DS18B20 Temperature soil is than required level system turn on the water pump.
sensor is used to measure the temperature of the soil. pH By using our system we get good yield plant. Graphical
sensor is used to measure pH of the soil. The pH indicates a representation was shown in fig 10.
solution's acidity or alkalinity. The pH value usually varies
between 0 and 14. A solution with a pH value less than 7 is
acid and greater than 7 are alkaline. Plants need mildly
acidic soil.

Fig -10: Graphical representation of tomato plant

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 International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 06 Issue: 09 | Sep 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

6.2 CASE STUDY 1: BRINJAL PLANT 8. CONCLUSION

To grow the healthy and good tomato plant ,thus required An Arduino based greenhouse checking and controlling
temperature between 17-40*C, light intensity 35- 70 Lux, framework is masterminded. DHT11 sensor, Soil Moisture
moisture content is greater than 10%, humidity is 20-60.By sensor, LDR sensor and pH sensor are the basic sensors
implementing our system we can grow the good and healthy utilized in this experience which give the careful estimation
plant. Whenever the temperature and humidity increase of temperature, wetness, stickiness content, light power and
above the required temperature fan turn on and cool down soil pH freely. This framework is normal for controlling and
the temperature, when light intensity is less the required the observing ecological parameters in nursery by a reasonable
system turns on the light and when it comes to required mobile application. NodeMCU esp8266 is likewise utilized
level system turn off the light. When moisture content in the to send the information parameters to telephone which
soil is than required level system turn on the water pump. By disposes of the SMS charges. This structure lessens the
using our system we get good yield plant. Fig 11 shows the power utilization, support and complexity. This system can
graphical representation of environment parameters. be utilized in plant field, in nursery and in home developed
garden.

REFERENCES

[1] Karan Kansara, etal., “Sensor Based Automated

Irrigation System with IoT: A technical review”,
International Journal of Computer Science and
Information Technologies(IJCSIT), vol.6, 2015.

[2] Narayut Putjaika, Sasimanee Phusae, Anupong

Fig -11: Graphical representation of Brinjal plant Chen-lm, Dr. Phone Phunchongharn and Dr.
Khajonpong Akkarajitsakul, "A control system in an
7. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS
intelligent farming using Arduino technology", in
We designed this project to monitor and control the 2016 Fifth ICT International Student Project
environmental parameters. We got result based on effective Conference ICT-ISPC.
management of greenhouse environment by automatic
manner. Automatic controlling process is fully done based on [3] Nikesh Gondchawar, Prof. Dr. R. S. Kawitkar,"IoT
coding. The temperature,, humidity, soil moisture content, based smart agriculture", in INternational Journal of
PH of the soil are monitored through handheld device like Advanced Research Computer and Communication
mobile. Arduino Serial Monitor Output, Dashboard output on Engineering,vol.5, issue 6, june 2016.
platform and Graphical representation on platform are
shown in Fig.12 and 13 respectively. [4] Wei Ai and Cifa Chen, “Green House Environment
Monitor Technology Implementation Based on
Android Mobile Platform”, 978-1-4577-0536-
6/11/$26.00 ©2011 IEEE

[5] AjiHanggoro, Mahesa Adhitya Putra, Rizki Reynaldo,

RiriFitri Sari, “Green House Monitoring and
Controlling Using Android Mobile Application”, 978-
1-4673-5785-2/13/$31.00 ©2013 IEEE.

[6] S. Thenmozhi, M.M. Dhivya ,R. Sudharsan and K.

Fig -12:.Dashboard output on platform Nirmalakumari, “Greenhouse Management Using
Embedded System and Zigbee Technology”,
IJAREEIE ,Vol. 3, Issue 2, February 2014

[7] M.K.Gayatri, J.Jayasakthi and Dr.G.S. Anandha Mala, “

Providing Smart Agricultural Solutions to Farmers
for better yielding using IoT”, 2015 IEEE
International Conference on Technological
Innovations in ICT for Agriculture and Rural
Development (TIAR 2015)
Fig -13: .Graphical representation on platform

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