Old-BMLT-PU Syllabus
Old-BMLT-PU Syllabus
Old-BMLT-PU Syllabus
CURRICULUM
POKHARA UNIVERSITY
2006
Bachelor of Science in
Medical Laboratory Technology
(B.Sc. MLT)
CURRICULUM
POKHARA UNIVERSITY
2006
1
Bachelor of Science in Medical Laboratory Technology (B.Sc. MLT)
Program
GOALS
Clinical Laboratory Science is one of the important areas in Health Sciences, which supports the clinicians by
providing laboratory test evidences in the treatment of patients. The goal of this curriculum is to produce
clinical laboratory experts who are academically sound, technically skilled and fully capable of performing
various clinical laboratory tests with quality control as well as interpretation of the results.
Pokhara University is aiming to produce highly qualified graduates and subsequently to promote research
excellence in a free and scholastic environment.
Pokhara University has the goal to make students able to appreciate the sanctity of life that enables them to
make a valuable contribution to medical treatment and people's health.
OBJECTIVES
The courses for BMLT program have been designed to achieve the following objectives:
Provide adequate educational background for careers in Medical Laboratory Science profession
Study and strengthen the existing Medical Laboratory Science practices in the private and public
institutions through continuing education and training programs
Assist Medical Laboratory Science and related organizations in solving their problems by
providing consulting services
Contribute to Medical Laboratory Science literature relevant to Nepal through research and
publications.
CAREER OPPORTUNITIES
After obtaining the BMLT degree, s/he will be eligible for rewarding employment in the following areas:
Academic Field
Hospital and Clinic
Health Research Council
Health Research Laboratory
Pharmaceutical Industry
Governmental Drug Administration
Adverse Drug Reaction Monitoring Service
Health Food Development, etc
2
AN INTRODUCTION TO BScMLT. PROGRAM
3
In the Practical courses, no final examination will be performance in that course. The pattern of grading will
conducted and the session marks shall be awarded on be as follows:
the basis of continual assessment. Normally, final
examinations are not conducted in courses which are Letter Grade Grade point
offered as intensive courses conducted by reputed description
international scholars.
A 4.0 Excellent
To pass a course, a student must obtain a minimum of A- 3.7
D grade in session work (an average of three internal B+ 3.3
assessments) and the final examination, separately. B 3.0 Good
B- 2.7
C+ 2.3
4. Attendance Requirement C 2.0 Satisfactory
The students must attend every lecture, tutorial, C- 1.7
seminar and practical classes. However, to D+ 1.3
accommodate for sickness and other contingencies, the D 1.0 Minimum requirement
attendance requirement shall be a minimum of 80% of F 0 Failing
the classes in any particular subject, otherwise s/he
shall not be allowed to take the final examination in
that subject. If a student is continuously absent from In unusual circumstances, the student may be awarded
the college for more than four weeks without notifying an incomplete grade of "I". If all the requirements are
the head of the institution, his/her name will be not completed within the following semester, the grade
removed form the school roll. of "I" will be automatically converted to an "F". A
student receiving an "I" grade does not need to register
5. Course Registration for that subject in the following semester to complete
The academic record of a student is maintained in the required works.
terms of the courses for which s/he registers in any
semester, and the grades s/he obtains in those courses. The performance of a student in a semester will be
Registration for courses is done at the beginning of evaluated in terms of the semester grade point average
each semester. (SGPA). The student’s final grade will be calculated on
cumulative grade point average (CGPA).
6. Final Examination
University conducts final examination at the end of
each semester. The procedure of final examination D. AWARD OF DEGREE
conduction will be as per the examination rules of the To award a degree of Bachelor of Sciences in Medical
University. Laboratory Technology (B. Sc. MLT.):
i) The student must complete total prescribed credits
7. Scrutinizing of Final Examination Paper including theory, practical, seminar, compulsory
Students may apply for retotaling or rechecking of their training in hospital and project work within
grades as per University rule, upon payment of prescribed period.
prescribed fee. ii) CGPA must be 2.0 or more.
C. GRADING SYSTEM
The grades (marks) awarded to student in a course is E. OTHER
based on his/her consolidated performance in session All other rules and regulations will be followed as
and final examinations. The letter grade in any already established by Pokhara University.
particular subject is an indication of a student's relative
4
CURRICULUM STRUCTURE
B. Sc. MLT
FIRST YEAR
FIRST SEMESTER
TOTAL 17
SECOND SEMESTER
TOTAL 19
5
CURRICULUM STRUCTURE
B. Sc. MLT
SECOND YEAR
THIRD SEMESTER
TOTAL 19
FOURTH SEMESTER
TOTAL 19
6
CURRICULUM STRUCTURE
B. Sc. MLT
THIRD YEAR
FIFTH SEMESTER
TOTAL 19
SIXTH SEMESTER
TOTAL 19
7
CURRICULUM STRUCTURE
B. Sc. MLT
FOURTH YEAR
SEVENTH SEMESTER
TOTAL 19
EIGHTH SEMESTER
TOTAL 9
Note:
A project work will be assigned in eighth semester and the topic for the Project will be decided by Head of the
Department. This project work should be completed and submitted to Program Director before the final examination.
8
THE CONTENT OF SYLLABUS
BMLT
First Year
First Semester
9
MLS 101.3 (Credit hours 3)
Course Objectives:
The students will become familiar with the commonly used terminology in medical laboratory practice,
which shall provide a broad view of Clinical Laboratory Sciences.
Course Contents:
1. Introduction to Laboratory Sciences 5 hours
Historical development, Role of clinical laboratory science in health care, Role of clinical laboratory scientists,
Structure of clinical laboratory services in Nepal, International and national organization in laboratory practice.
Reference Books:
1. Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods. 20th Ed. John Bernard Henary M. D. W. B.
Saunders Co.Philadelphia.
2. Mackie and McCartney, Practical Medical Microbiology, 14th Ed.
3. Monica Chees Brough: Medical Laboratory Manual for tropical countries, volume I, II.
4. WHO: Laboratory biosafety Manual.
5. Mapping the literature of Clinical Laboratory Science JMLA, 2003; July91 (3)303-3110(1999a).
6. A brief history of medical diagnosis and the birth of the clinical laboratory: Part 1.Ancient times through the
19th century. Medical Laboratory Observer (July), 28-40.
7. Berger, D. (1999b). A brief history of medical diagnosis and the birth of the clinical laboratory: part 2.
Laboratory science and professional certification in the 20 th century. Medical Laboratory Observer (August),
32-38.
8. Berger, D. (1999c). A brief history of medical diagnosis and the birth of the clinical laboratory Part 3.
Medicare, government regulation, and competency certification. Medical Laboratory Observer (October), 40-
44.
9. Berger, D. (1999d). A brief history of medical diagnosis and the birth of the clinical laboratory: Part 4. Fraud
and abuse, managed care, and lab consolidation. Medical Laboratory Observer(December), 38-42.
10. Bailey and Scott’s Diagnostic Microbiology, 9th edition.
10
MBL 102.3 (Credit hours 3)
Microbiology I
(Fundamentals)
BMLT, First Year, First Semester
Course Objectives:
This course will provide the basic knowledge on microbiology and its general application to Medical
Laboratory Sciences.
Course Contents:
1. History of Microbiology 3 hours
Historical development of microbiology, Major contributor and their discoveries with the reference to Antony van
Leuwenhook. Louis Pasteur, Robert Koch. Joseph Lister, Edward Jenner
Reference Books:
1. Stainer, General Microbiology: Latest Edition
2. Hans g. Schlegel, General microbiology, Cambridge Low Price Edition
3. Mackie and Mc Cartney, Practical Medical Microbiology, 13th Edition
4. R.anantanarayan, Text book of Microbiology, 6th edition, Orient Longman
5. Monica Cheesbrough, Medical Laboratory Manual for Tropical Countries, Volume I, and II
6. Laboratory Biosafety Manual WHO.
11
CHM 171.3 (Credit hours 3)
General Chemistry I
(Fundamentals and Analytical Technique)
BMLT, First Year, First Semester
Course Objectives:
This course is designed to understand fundamentals of chemistry and principles of qualitative and
quantitative analysis.
Course Contents:
1. Atomic Structure 8 hours
Bohr’s theory and refinements, Wave mechanical model of the atom, Matter wave, de Broglie’s equation,
Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle, Shapes of s, p, d orbitals, Quantum numbers and their significance, Energy
level diagram
Reference Books:
1. Samuel H. Maron and Carl F. Prutton: Principles of Physical Chemistry. (4th Ed.) Oxford and IBM Publishing
Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
2. B. S. Bahl, G. D. Tuli and Arun Bahl: Essentials of Physical Chemistry. (24th Ed.), 2000, S. Chand and
Company Ltd.
3. F. Albert Cotton, Geoffrey Wilkinson and Paul L. Gaus: Basic Inorganic Chemistry. (3rd Ed.), 2001, John
Wiley and Sons Inc.
4. Satya Prakash, G. D. Tuli, S. K. Basu, and R. D. Madan: Advanced Inorganic Chemistry. (18th Ed.), Vol I,
2000, S. Chand and Company Ltd.
5. G. Svehla: Vogel’s Qualitative Inorganic Analysis. (7th Ed.), 1998, Longman Group Limited.
6. G. H. Jeffery, J. Bassett, J. Mendham, R. C. Denney Vogel’s Quantitative Chemical Analysis. (5th Ed.), 1999,
Addison Wisley Longman Inc.
12
CHM 172.3 (Credit hours 3)
General Chemistry II
(Structure and Reaction)
BMLT, First Year, First Semester
Course Objectives:
This course will provide the fundamental knowledge on the three dimensional structure and chemical
reaction of organic molecule.
Course Contents:
1. Structure and Nomenclature of some simple molecules 8 hours
Atomic Orbital, Molecular orbital, Hybrid Orbital, Structure of Water, Ammonia, Methane, Ethylene, Acetylene,
Benzene, Classification of Organic compounds, and Nomenclature (Classical, IUPAC)
2. Stereochemistry 10 hours
Stereochemistry and stereoisomerism, Optical activity, Polarimeter, Specific rotation, Enantiomerism and
Tetrahedral carbon, Enantiomerism and Optical activity, Prediction of enantiomerism (chairality), Chiral center,
Racemic modification, Configuration, Specification of configurations (R and S), Sequence rule, Diastereomers,
Epimers, Geometrical isomerism, E and Z-configurations
Reference Books:
1. John McMurry: Organic Chemistry (5th Ed.) 2000, Brooks/Cole Publishing Company (Asian Books Pvt. Ltd.).
2. Robert Thornton Morrison and Robert Neilson Boyd: Organic Chemistry (6th Ed.) 1999, Prentice-Hall of India
Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
3. Jerry March: Advanced Organic Chemistry (4th Ed.) 2000, John Wiley and Sons.
4. Ernest L. Eliel: Stereochemistry of Carbon Compounds, 23rd reprints (1998), Tata-McGraw-Hill Pub. Co. Ltd.
13
MTH 191.3 (Credit hours 3)
Biostatistics
BMLT, First Year, First Semester
Course Objectives:
The student would be able to understand the terminology of statistics and able to read and present
medical data in the tabular and graphic form, calculate and understand the application of test of
significance.
Course Contents:
1. Introduction 4 hours
Definition, Scope and limitations, Sources of data, Techniques of collecting primary data, General concepts of
sampling
Reference Books:
1. B. K. Mahajan: Methods in Biostatics. (6th Ed.) 1999, Jaypee Brothers, Medical Publishers (P) Ltd., New Delhi.
2. Jit S. Chandan: Statistics. Vikash Publishing House, Pvt. Ltd.
14
LAB-1.1 (Credit hour 1)
Laboratory-1
Basic Microbiology
BMLT, First Year, First Semester
Course Objectives:
The students will become familiar with the commonly used technique and basic practical knowledge in
general microbiology.
Course Contents:
1. Observation of various part of compound microscope and their functions 6 hours
2. Observation and uses of Autoclave and Hot air oven 4 hours
3. Preparation of common Laboratory disinfectants and their uses 4 hours
4. Cleaning and decontamination of glasswares and laboratory waste materials 4 hours
5. Preparation of general laboratory reagents for stainig of microorganisms in microbiology:
Gram stain,ZN stain,methyline blue stain,Albert stain 6 hours
6. Morphological study of Bacteria 4 hours
7. Preparation of different types of media in microbiology and their quality control. 6 hours
8. Perform different method of cultivation of bacteria and fungi in vitro 5 hours
9. Different methods of identification of organism from culture 6 hours
Reference Books:
Course Objectives:
Students will be able to understand simple laboratory techniques and titrations
Course Contents:
1. Laboratory safety, Chemical hazards, Prevention of accidents and Use of reagents
2. Use of Physical balance, Chemical balance, Micropipettes
3. Pharmacopoeial control and identification tests for important drugs and poisonous substances, environmental
hazards, disposal of chemicals
4. Use of pipette, burette and balance (calibration), Standardization of solutions in volumetric analysis.
5. Limit tests for As, Hg, Pb, Fe, Cl- and SO4--
6. Estimation of saline solution and calcium
7. Acid/base titration
Reference Books:
15
THE CONTENT OF SYLLABUS
BMLT
First Year
Second Semester
16
BCM 121.3 (Credit hours 3)
Biochemistry I
(General)
BMLT, First Year, Second Semester
Course Objectives:
This course will provide the students about the knowledge on general principles of biochemistry
applicable to medical sciences.
Course Contents:
1. Physicochemical Phenomena 5 hours
Importance of physicochemical phenomena in Biochemistry, Colloidal state, Surface tension, Viscosity Osmosis,
Diffusion, Buffers, pH, Significance of pH, Henderson-Hasselbalch equation
Reference Books:
1. Robert K. Murray, Daryl K. Granner, Peter A. Mayes and Victor W: Rodwell, Harper,s Biochemistry Latest Ed.
Appleton and Lange, Stanford, CT.
2. Lubert Styrer: Biochemistry (4th Ed.) W. H. Freeman and Company.
3. David L. Nelson and Michel M. Cox: Lehninger’s Principles of Biochemistry, (3rd Ed.) 2000, Macmillan Worth
Publisher.
17
APL 131.3 (Credit hours 3)
Anatomy and Physiology I
BMLT, First Year, Second Semester
Course Objectives:
This course will provide the basic knowledge on the structure and function of human body, which will
enable the students to understand scientific basis of the drug action.
Course Contents:
1. The Cell (Structure and Function) 10 hours
An organization of the cell, The membranous structure of the cell, The cytoplasm and its organelles, Functional
systems of the cell, Diffusion, Kinetics of diffusion, Diffusion through the cell membrane, Active transport,
Pinocytosis and Phagocytosis
2. Blood 8 hours
An introduction of haematology, Functions of blood, Composition of blood, Blood coagulation, Formed elements
of blood, Homeostatic imbalances of blood, Blood groups, Interstitial fluid and lymph, Body fluids, Lymphatic
system, Reticuloendothelial system
Reference Books:
1. Peter L. Williams et al. (Ed.): Gray’s Anatomy. (38th Ed.) 1995, Churchill Livingstone.
2. Chummy S. Sinnatamby: Last’s Anatomy Regional and Applied. 1999, Churchill Livingstone.
3. Arthur C. Guyton and John E. Hall: Guyton Human Physiology and Mechanisms of Disease. 1996, Harcourt
Publishers Limited.
18
CTL 151.3 (Credit hours 3)
General Cytology
BMLT, First Year, Second Semester
Course Objectives:
The students will become familiar with the commonly used terminology and basic knowledge in normal
human cytology.
Course Contents:
1. The cell 5 hours
Cell structure and organisation, Plasma membrane, Endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, Mitochondria,
Lysosomes, Secretory grnules, Ribosomes, Cytoskeleton, Cytosol, Nucleus, Nucleolus, Chromatin nuclear matrix
3. Cell and Tissue types (Gross Anatomy, Histology, Cytology, potentials pitfalls) 32 hours
Epithelium
Blood vessels
Respiratory System
Digestive Tract: Oral cavity, Esophagus, Stomach, Small intestine, Large intestine
Glands and Lymphoid system:
Thyroid gland, Salivary Glands, Lymph nodes, Tonsils thymus, Spleen
Female Reproductive System: Ovary, Fallopian Tube, Uterine Body, Uterine Cervix and Vagina
Breast
Body Cavity Fluids, Synovial Joint, Pleural fluid, Ascitis fluid, Cerebro spinal fluid
Skin
Reference Books:
1. Arlene J. Herzberg: Color Atlas of Normal Cytology. Churchil Livingstone.
2. Bibbo: Comprensive Cytopathology. W. B. Saundres Companey
3. Leopuld G.Koss: Diagnostic Cytopathology and its Histopathologic Basis, (4th ed.), Llippincott
4. Demay: Cytology
5. Orell: Manual of Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology,
6. Difiore: Atlas of Histology
7. Janquira: Text Book of Histology,
19
HTL 152 (Credit hours 3)
Histology (General)
BMLT First Year, Second Semester
Course Objectives:
This course will provide the basic knowledge on the general histology of human body.
Course contents:
1. Epithelium, and Glands 3 hours
Introduction, Classification ground substance, Fibes and cells of connective tissue,
2. General Connective Tissue 3 hours
Introduction, Intercellular ground substance, Fibers and cells of connective tissue, Adipose tissue
3. Cartilage 3 hours
General microscopic structure of cartilage, Hyaline cartilage, Fibrocartilage, Elastic cartilage
4. Bone 3 hours
Gross structure of bone, Structure of cancellous bone and compact bone, Periosteum, Synovium
5. Muscle 3 hours
Microscopic arrangement of skeletal muscle, Cardia muscle, Smooth muscle
6. Skin 3 hours
Histological structure of skin including hair and hair follicles, Nails
7. Digestive System 4 hours
Microscopic structural features of esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, appendix, Liver,
pancreas
8. Respiratory System 3 hours
Microscopic structural features of trachea and bronchi, Lungs
9. Urinary System 3 hours
Histological structure of kidneys, Ureters, Urinary bladder, Urethra
10. Cardiovascular System 5 hours
Microscopic structure characteristic of arteries, veins and capillaries, Histological features of heart,
Microscopic structure of lymph nodes and spleen
11. Endocrine System 3 hours
Tyroid gland, paratyroid gland
12. Reproductive System 5 hours
Male: Microscopic structure of testis, Accessory urogenital organs
Female: General structure of ovaries, Uterine tubes, Mammary glands
13. Nervous Tissue 4 hours
Tissue constituting the nervous system, Neuron structure, Myelinated and non-myelinated nerve fibres,
Ganglia, Neuroglia
Reference Books:
1. Barbara Young and John W. Health: Where's functional Histology. (4th Ed.) 2001, Chruchill Livingstone,
Edinburgh.
2. Inderbir Singh: Textbook of Human Histology (4th Ed.) 2004, Jaypee Broters Medical publishers Ltd., New
Delhi
3. Luiz Carlos Jungeira, Jose Cornerio and Robert O. Kelley: Basic Histology. (9th Ed.)1998, McGraw- Hill,New
York .
4. Victor p. Eroschenko: di Fiore's Atlas of Histology. (9th Ed.) 2001, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins,
Philadelphia.
20
CHM 173.3 (Credit hours 3)
Analytical Chemistry (Instrumentation)
BMLT, First Year, Second Semester
Course Objectives:
This course is designed to understand general principles of instrumental analysis techniques and their
application in clinical laboratory tests.
Course Contents:
1. An Introduction to Analytical Methods 5 hours
Classification of analytical methods, Types of instrumental methods, Instruments for analysis, Selecting for
analytical methods, Calibration of instrumental methods
6. Polarimetry 5 hours
Polarised light, Application of polarimetry, Optical rotatory dispersion (ORD) and circular dichroism (CD),
Principles and instrumentation for ORD and CD
7. Potentiometry 5 hours
Electrochemical cells, Electrode potential, Standard electrode potential, Various electrodes in potentiometry,
Instrumentation, Potentiometric titration, Potentiometry in quantitative analysis
9. Conductometry 5 hours
Principles, Instrumentation, Application of conductometry
Reference Books:
1. Douglas A. Skoog, F. James Holler and Timothy A. Nieman: Principles of Instrumental Analysis. (5th Ed.)
1998, Harcourt College Publisher (Harcourt Asia PTE Limited), Singapore.
2. S. M. Khopkar: Basic Concept of Analytical Chemistry. 1998,New Age International (P) Ltd., Publisher, New
Delhi.
21
LAB-3.1 (Credit hour 1)
Laboratory-3
BMLT, First Year, Second Semester
Course Objectives:
Course Contents:
Reference Books:
Laboratory-4
BMLT, First Year, Second Semester
Course Objectives:
Course Contents:
Reference Books:
Laboratory-5
BMLT, First Year, Second Semester
Course Objectives:
Course Contents:
1. One step preparation of compounds of medicinal properties
2. Assay of Pharmaceutical compounds based on acid-base, oxidation-reduction, precipitation and diazotization
titration
3. Preparation of complexes and complexometric titration
4. Gravimetric determination of official compounds and detection of metal ions
Reference Books:
SEMINAR-1
BMLT, First Year, Second Semester
Course Objectives:
Course Contents:
22
THE CONTENT OF SYLLABUS
BMLT
Second Year
Third Semester
23
MBL 201.3 (Credit hours 3)
Microbiology II (Bacteriology)
BMLT, Second Year, Third Semester
Course Objectives:
This course will provide the basic knowledge on systemic microbiology and its general application to
medical laboratory sciences.
Course Contents:
Describe Morphology, Staining property, Cultural characteristics, Biochemical reactions, Antigenic
characters, Pathogenicity, Laboratory diagnosis and the diseases caused by the following:
5. Hemophilus 3 hours
Haemophilus influenze and other species
Reference Books:
1. Mackie and McCartney: Practical Medical Microbiology (14th Ed.) 1999, Churchill Livingstone, London.
2. David Greenwood, Richard C.B. Slack and John F. Peutherer: Microbiology (15th Ed.) 2000, Churchill
Livingstone, London.
3. R. Ananthanarayan and C.K.J. Paniker: Textbook of Microbiology (6th Ed.) 2002, Orient Longman Ltd.
Hydrabad.
24
BCM 221.3 (Credit hours 3)
Biochemistry II
(General)
BMLT, Second Year, Third Semester
Course Objectives:
This course will provide a basic knowledge on vitamins, hormones and enzymes and their application in
pharmaceutical sciences.
Course Contents:
1. Vitamins 18 hours
Chemistry, Physiological functions, Deficiency symptoms, Sources, Requirements and therapeutic uses of the
following vitamins: vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin K, vitamin E and D, and vitamins of B group, (i.e. thiamine,
riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic acid, pyridoxine, lipoic acid, biotin, inositol, paraaminobenozic acid, folic acid,
vitamin B12).
2. Hormones 17 hours
Chemistry, Mechanism of action, Biosynthesis, Release, Metabolic function and therapeutic uses of the following
hormones: insulin, glucagon, thyroxine, parathormone, adrenaline, noradrenaline, corticosteroids, sex hormones,
hormones of hypophysis, hypothalamic regulating factors and hormone antagonists.
3. Enzymes 10 hours
Chemical nature of enzymes, Classification, Active site, Different shapes of active sites, Factors influencing
enzyme actions, Inhibitors and activators, Clinical enzymology.
Reference Books:
1. Robert K. Murray, Daryl K. Granner, Peter A. Mayes and Victor W: Rodwell, Harper’s Biochemistry (25th Ed.)
2000 Appleton and Lange, Stamford.
2. Lubert Styrer: Biochemistry (4th Ed.) 2000, W. H. Freeman and Company, New York.
3. David L. Nelson and Michel M. Cox: Lehninger’s Principles of Biochemistry, (3rd Ed.) 2000, Macmillan Worth
Publisher, New York.
25
APL 231.3 (Credit hours 3)
Course Objectives:
This course will provide the basic knowledge on the structure and function of human body, which will
enable the students to understand scientific basis of drug action.
Course Contents:
1. Respiratory System 10 hours
A general introduction and physiological anatomy of respiratory system, Pulmonary ventilation, Mechanism of
respiration, Volume and capacities, Gaseous exchange, Transport of gases, Regulation of respiration
Reference Books:
1. Peter L. Williams et al. (Ed.): Gray’s Anatomy, (38th Ed.) 1995, Churchill Livingstone, New York.
2. Chummy S. Sinnatamby: Last’s Anatomy Regional and Applied, 1999, Churchill Livingstone, New York.
3. Arthur C. Guyton and John E. Hall: Guyton Human Physiology and Mechanisms of Disease, 1996, Harcourt
Publishers Limited, Singapore.
26
CBL 241.3 (Credit hours 3)
Course Objectives:
This course is designed to explain the general principles of genetic engineering and its application to
laboratory sciences.
Course Contents:
1. Fundamental Terminology 3 hours
DNA, RNA, Nucleotides, Nucleosides, tRNA, mRNA, Translation, Transcription, Genes
Reference Books:
1. Bruce Albert, Dennis, Bray, Julians Lewis, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts and James D. Watson: Molecular
Biology of the Cell (2nd Ed.) 1989, Garland Publishing, Inc, New York.
2. James Darnell, Harvey Lodish and David Baltimore: Molecular Cell Biology, (2nd Ed.) 1990, Scientific
American Books, New York.
27
IML 261.3 (Credit hours 3)
Immunology
(Fundamentals)
BMLT, Second Year, Third Semester
Course Objectives:
This course will provide the fundamental knowledge on the immune system.
Course Contents:
1. Introduction to the Immune System 6 hours
Adaptive and innate immunity, Cells of the immune system, Soluble mediators of immunity, Antigens, Immune
responses, Defences against extracellular and intracellular pathogens, Vaccination, Immunopathology
Reference Books:
1. Ivan Roitt, Jonathan Brostoff and David Male (Ed.): Immunology, (3rd Ed.) 1993, Mosby-Year Book Europe
Limited, London.
2. Ivan Roitt: Essential Immunology, (8th Ed.) 1994, Blackwell Scientific Publication, London
28
LAB-6.1 (Credit hour 1)
Laboratory-6
BMLT, Second Year, Third Semester
Course Objectives:
Course Contents:
Reference Books:
Laboratory-7
BMLT, Second Year, Third Semester
Course Objectives:
Course Contents:
Reference Books:
Laboratory-8
BMLT, Second Year, Third Semester
Course Objectives:
Course Contents:
Reference Books:
SEMINAR-2
BMLT, First Year, Second Semester
Course Objectives:
Course Contents:
29
THE CONTENT OF SYLLABUS
BMLT
Second Year
Fourth Semester
30
MBL 202.3 (Credit hours 3)
Microbiology III
(Bacteriology)
BMLT, Second Year, Fourth Semester
Course Objectives:
This course will provide the basic knowledge on systemic microbiology and its general application to
Medical Laboratory Sciences.
Course Contents:
Describe morphology, Staining properties, Cultural characteristics, Biochemical reaction, Antigenic
characters, Pathogenicity, Laboratory diagnosis and the diseases caused by the followings:
1. Mycobacteria 5 hours
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Atypical mycobacteria, Mycobacterium leprey
3. Spirochaete 6 hours
Treponema, Borrelia, Leptospira
9. Infections of the eyes, ears, sinuses, skin, soft tissue, and wound 3 hours
Reference Books:
1. Mackie & McCartney: Practical Medical Microbiology (14th Ed.) 1999, Churchill Livingstone, London.
2. David Greenwood, Richard C. B. Slack and John F. Peutherer: Medical Microbiology (15th Ed.) 2000, Churchill
Livingstone, London.
3. R. Ananthanarayan and C. K. J. Paniker: Textbook of Microbiology (6th Ed.) 2002, Orient Longman Private Ltd.,
Hyderabad.
4. Bailey & Scott's: Diagnostic Microbiology (11th Ed.) 2004, Mosby, London.
31
PTL 211.3 (Credit hours 3)
General Pathology
BMLT, Second Year, Fourth Semester
Course Objectives:
This course will provide the basic knowledge of the aetiological factors of disease, mechanism of
disease production and laboratory techniques used in disease diagnostics.
Course Contents:
1. Introduction 2 hours
Terminology, Evolution of pathology, Modern pathology and subdivisions of pathology
3. Inflammation 4 hours
Definition, Acute inflammation, Chronic inflammation, Types of exudation, Cerebrospinal fluid analysis,
Laboratory tests in diagnosis of chronic granulomatous inflammation
5. Immunopathology 10 hours
Immunity, Cells of immune system, Cytokines, Major histocompatibility complex (HLA) and organ transplant,
complement system, diseases of immunity, Laboratory tests for identification of immuno-induced diseases
8. Neoplasia 5 hours
Definitions and nomenclature, Aetiology and carcinogenesis, Characteristics of benign and malignant neoplasm,
Tumor antigens, Laboratory diagnosis of cancer
Reference Books:
1. Ramzi S. Cotran, Vinay Kumar and Tucker Collins: Robbins Pathologic Basis of Disease (6th Ed.) 2001,
Harcourt India Private Ltd., New Delhi.
2. Harsh Mohan: Textbook of Pathology (4th Ed.) 2000, Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers, New Delhi.
3. Walter and Israel: General Pathology
4. J. R. Anderson: Muir's Textbook of Pathology
5. John. D. Bancroft and Alan Stevens: Theory and Practice of Histological Techniques
32
PTL 212.3 (Credit hours 3)
Cytopathology
BMLT, Second Year, Fourth Semester
Course Objectives:
The students will be able to fix and stain appropriately the smears sent for cytopathological
diagnosis. This course will also provide the knowledge of fixation and smear preparation from the
cytological samples.
Course Contents:
1. Introduction 2 hours
Early historical era, Development, Expansions and consolidation, Diagnostic utility and importance
5. Immunocytochemistry 3 hours
Introduction, Useful markers and antibodies, Diagnostic significance of uimmunocytochemistry in cytological
specimens, Techniques
Reference Books:
1. Winfrid Gray: Diagnostic Cytopathology
2. Bibbo: Comprehensive Cytopathology, W. B. Saunders Company
3. L. G. Koss: Diagnostic Cytopathology and its Hystopathological Basis
4. Stanley S. Rapheel: Lynch's Medical Laboratory Technology
5. Kanai L Mukharjee: Medical Laboratory Technology
6. John D. Bancroft and Alan Stevens: Theory and Practice of Histological Techniques
33
BCM 222.3 (Credit hours 3)
Biochemistry III
(Clinical)
BMLT, Second Year, Fourth Semester
Course Objectives:
This course will provide the basic knowledge on Clinical Biochemistry.
Course Contents:
1. Basics of Techniques involved in Clinical Biochemistry 10 hours
Basic concepts of Biochemistry Laboratory, Laboratory Requirements: Glass wares, Plastic wares, Chemical,
Reagents, Distilled water, Deionized water, Centrifugation: - Principle, Types, Applications, Photometry: -
Colorimetry and Spectrophotometry. Applications, End point reaction method, Rate of reaction method (visible
kinetic method and UV- kinetic methods) Calibration of photometer, Basics of semi automation and fully
automation in Biochemistry, Calibration and Programming the test parameters
Reference Books:
1. Tietz: Textbook of Clinical Chemistry (3rd Ed.) 1999, W. B. Saunders
2. Todd, Sanford, Davidson: Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Method (17th Ed.) 1998, W. B.
Saunders
3. W. J. Marshall and S. K. Bangert: Clinical Chemistry (5th Ed.) 2004, Mosby Inc.
4. T. M. Devlin: A Textbook of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlation (5th Ed.) 2002, Dyse-Wiley
5. L. Kaplan et al.: Clinical Chemistry Theory, Analysis and Correlations (4th Ed.) 2003, Mosby Inc.
6. H. Varley: Practical Clinical Biochemistry (4th Ed.), CBS
7. Robert K. Murray, Daryl K. Granner, Peter A. Mayes and Victor W. Rodwell: Harper’s Biochemistry (25th Ed.)
2000 Appleton and Lange, Stamford.
8. R. A. Harvey and P. C. Champe: Lippincott's Illustrated Review: Biochemistry (3rd Ed.) 2004, Lippincott
Williams and Wilkins
34
HAD 281.3 (Credit hours 3)
Course Objectives:
This course will provide the knowledge on basic concepts of health and disease, types of diseases,
prevention of disease, with particular focus on most common diseases in South Asian region.
Course Contents:
1. Man and Medicine 2 hours
History of medicine, Modern medicine, Curative medicine, Preventive medicine, Social medicine
Reference Books:
1. K. Park: Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine (16th Ed.) 2000, M/s Banarsidas Bhanot Publishers,
Jabalpur.
2. Carolyn Jarvis: Physical Examination and Health Assessment (2nd Ed.) 1996, W. B. Saunders Company,
Philadelphia.
3. Robert H. Gates: Infectious Disease Secrets, 1999, Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers Ltd., New Delhi.
35
LAB-9.1 (Credit hour 1)
Laboratory-9
BMLT, Second Year, Fourth Semester
Course Objectives:
Course Contents:
Reference Books:
Laboratory-10
BMLT, Second Year, Fourth Semester
Course Objectives:
Course Contents:
Reference Books:
Laboratory-11
BMLT, Second Year, Fourth Semester
Course Objectives:
Course Contents:
Reference Books:
will be organized according to the Hospital schedule.
SEMINAR-3
BMLT, First Year, Second Semester
Course Objectives:
Course Contents:
36
THE CONTENT OF SYLLABUS
BMLT
Third Year
Fifth Semester
37
MBL 301.3 (Credit hours 3)
Microbiology IV
(Parasitology)
BMLT, Third Year, Fifth Semester
Course Objectives:
This course will provide the basic knowledge on human parasitology and enable the students to
diagnose the infections caused by parasites.
Course Contents:
2. Procedures for collection and preservation of clinical specimens for laboratory diagnosis and
parasitic infections 2 hours
3. Life cycle, pathogenesis, clinical findings, laboratory diagnosis, culture, prevention and control,
epidemiology and diseases caused by the following parasites: 35 hours
1. Plasmodium spp.
2. Glardia lamblia
3. Entamoeba histolytica
4. Balantidium spp.
5. Ascaris spp.
6. Taenia spp.
7. Brugia spp.
8. Hymenolepsis spp.
9. Leishmania spp.
10. Trihomonas spp.
11. Wucheria bancrofti
12. Toxoplasma spp.
13. Anacylostoma spp.
14. Echinococcus spp.
15. Trichinella spp.
16. Schistosomes spp.
17. Diphyllobothrium spp.
18. Flukes: blood flukes, intestinal flukes, lung flukes
Reference Books:
1. Chatterjee K. D. Parasitology (Protozoology and helminthology in relation to clinical medicine) (12th Ed.) 1980,
Calcutta.
2. Mackie and McCartney: Practical Medical Microbiology (14th Ed.) 1999, Churchill Livingstone, London.
3. David Greenwood, Richard C.B. Slack and John F. Peutherer: Microbiology (15th Ed.) 2000, Churchill
Livingstone, London.
38
PTL 311.3 (Credit hours 3)
Histopathology I
BMLT, Third Year, Fifth Semester
Course Objectives:
Students will be able to prepare staining reagents and perform tissue processing, sections cutting and staining
sections of tissues. In addition they will gain knowledge about frozen sections and special histopathological
techniques.
Course Contents:
1. Introduction 6 hours
Managing the laboratory, hazards and safety in laboratory, quality control, light microscopy
Reference Books:
1. John D. Bancroft and Alan Sleves: Theory and Practice of Histological Techniques.
1. J. Ochei and A. Kolhatkar: Medical Laboratory Science, Theory and Practice.
2. Praphul B. Godkar and Darshan B. Godkar: Textbook of Medical Laboratory Technology.
3. Kanai L. Mukharjee: Medical Laboratory Technology.
39
BCM 321.3 (Credit hours 3)
Biochemistry IV
(Clinical)
BMLT, Third Year, Fifth Semester
Course Objectives:
This course will provide the knowledge on Clinical Biochemistry with emphasis on metabolism.
Course Contents:
1. Metabolic intermediates and inorganic ions 15 hours
Introduction, Non-protein nitrogenous compounds –urea/BUN (Synthesis, clinico-pathological correlations and
estimations), Creatin and creatinine (Synthesis, clinico-pathological correlations and estimations), Renal function
tests, Clearance tests, Hypertension, CRF, Hemodialysis and osmometry, Uric acid (Synthesis, clinico-pathological
correlations and estimations), Arthritis, Ammonia, Amino acids, Prophyrins, Calcium and phosphorous homeostasis,
Role of parathyroid hormone, Vitamin D compounds, Calcitonin, Clinico-pathological correlations, Bone disease,
Parathyroid diseases, Renal diseases, Estimation of calcium (total and ionized) Phosphorus, cAMP, Other inorganic
ions: Magnesium, Iron, Copper, Zinc, Chromium (estimation and clinical significance)
Reference Books:
1. Tietz: Textbook of Clinical Chemistry (3rd Ed.) 1999, W. B. Saunders.
2. Todd, Sanford, Davidson: Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Method (17th Ed.) 1998, W. B.
Saunders.
3. W. J. Marshall and S. K. Bangert: Clinical Chemistry (5th Ed.) 2004, Mosby Inc.
4. T. M. Devlin: A Textbook of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlation (5th Ed.) 2002, Dyse-Wiley.
5. L. Kaplan et al.: Clinical Chemistry Theory, Analysis and Correlations (4th Ed.) 2003, Mosby Inc.
6. H. Varley: Practical Clinical Biochemistry (4th Ed.), CBS.
7. Robert K. Murray, Daryl K. Granner, Peter A. Mayes and Victor W. Rodwell: Harper’s Biochemistry (25th Ed.)
2000 Appleton and Lange, Stamford.
8. R. A. Harvey and P. C. Champe: Lippincott's Illustrated Review: Biochemistry (3rd Ed.) 2004, Lippincott
Williams and Wilkins.
40
HML 322.3 (Credit hours 3)
Hematology I
BMLT, Third Year, Fifth Semester
Course Objectives:
This course will provide the basic knowledge on Hematology and its general application to Medical Laboratory
Sciences.
Course Contents:
1. Formation of blood cell 10 hours
General aspects of blood cell formation. Sites of blood formation. Development of blood cells. Morphology.
Erythropoiesis, granulopoiesis, lymphopoiesis. Monocyte-macrophage series. Thrombopoiesis. Regulation of
haemopoiesis.
5. Platelets 3 hours
Structure of platelets, development of platelets, functions of platelets, platelet count. Platelet values.
Reference books:
1. de Gruchy's: Clinical Haematology (5th Ed.) 2003, Blackwell Science. Oxford.
2. Dacie and Lewis: Practical Haematology (9th Ed.) 2001, Churchill Livingstone, London.
41
BCM 323.3 (Credit hours 3)
Applied Biotech
(Modern Tools in Biochemistry)
BMLT, Third Year, Fifth Semester
Course Objectives:
This course will provide the knowledge on basic concepts of.
Course Contents:
1. Chromatographic Techniques 7 hours
Chromatography theory and practice. Law pressure column chromatography, High performance liquid
chromatography, Adsorption chromatography, Partition Chromatography, Ion-exchange chromatography, Molecular
exclusion chromatography, Affinity chromatography, Gas-liquid chromatography, Paper and Thin layer
chromatography. Selection of chromogenic system.
References Books:
1. Tietz , ―Text Book of Clinical Chemistry‖ ,Third edition(1999). W.B. Saunders.
2. Todd. Sanford. Davidson, ―Clinical Diagnosis & Management By Laboratory Method‖ Seventeenth edition
(1998), W.B. Saunders.
3. Marshall W.J. and Bangert S.K., ―Clinical Chemistry, Fifth edition,(2004) ,Mosby Inc.USA.
4. Devlin T. M. ―A Text Book Of Biochemistry With Clinical Correlation‖, Fifth edition(2002), Dyse-wiley,USA.
5. Kaplan L. et.al, ―Clinical Chemistry Theory, Analysis and Correlations‖, Fourth edition,(2003), Mosby Inc.
USA.
6. Plummer D., ―An Introduction To Practical Biochemistry‖,Third edition, Tata McGraw Hill,India.
7. Wilson and Walker, ―Practical Biochemistry‖, Fifth edition, Cambridge.
8. Varley H., ―Practical Clinical Biochemistry‖, Fourth edition, CBS.India
9. Murray et. al, ―Harper’s Biochemistry‖, Twenty sixth edition(2003), Appleton-Lange,USA.
10. Harvey R.A. and Champe P.C., Lippincott’s Illustrated Review, ―Biochemistry‖ third edition,(2004) Lippincott
Williams and Wilkins.
42
LAB-12.1 (Credit hour 1)
Laboratory-12
BMLT, Third Year, Fifth Semester
Course Objectives:
Course Contents:
Reference Books:
Laboratory-13
BMLT, Third Year, Fifth Semester
Chosen topics in Clinical Biochemistry
Course Objectives:
Course Contents:
Reference Books:
Laboratory-14
BMLT, Third Year, Fifth Semester
Advanced clinical tests encountered in Hospital Practice of Medicinal Technologies
This practical will be performed and organized according to the Hospital schedule.
Course Objectives:
Course Contents:
Reference Books:
SEMINAR-4
BMLT, Third Year, Fifth Semester
Course Objectives:
Course Contents:
43
THE CONTENT OF SYLLABUS
BMLT
Third Year
Sixth Semester
44
MBL 302.3 (Credit hours 3)
Microbiology V
(Virology)
BMLT, Third Year, Sixth Semester
Course Objectives:
This course will enable students to become familiar with most common viruses causing infections in man and
animals, with emphasis on viruses common in South Asian region
Course Contents:
1. Introduction to Virology 5 hours
History of viral evolution, General properties of viruses, Morphology, Size, Shape, Structure, Chemical properties,
Viral haemagglutination, Classification and Replication
Reference Books:
1. D. Greenwood, R. C.B. Slack and J. F. Peutherer: Microbiology (15th Ed.) 2000, Churchill Livingstone, London.
2. B. A. Forbes, D. F. Sahm and A. S. Weissfeld: Bailey & Scott's Diagnostic Microbiology (11th Ed.) 200, Mosby,
St. Louis.
3. P.R. Murray, K.S. Rosenthal, G.S. Kobayashi and M.A. Pfaller: Medical Microbiology (3rd Ed.) 1998, Mosby, St.
Louis.
4. R. Y. Stanier, J. L. Ingraham, M/ L. Wheelis and P. R. Painter: General Microbiology (5th Ed.) 1995, Macmillian,
Hong Kong.
5. M. C. Timbury: Notes on Medical Virology, 1997, Churchill Livingstone, New Delhi.
6. G. J. Tortora, B. R. Funke and C. L. Case: Microbiology-an Introduction (8th Ed.) 2004, Pearson Education,
Patporganj.
45
MBL 303.3 (Credit hours 3)
Microbiology VI
(Mycology)
BMLT, Third Year, Sixth Semester
Course Objectives:
This course will enable students to become familiar with medically important fungi and to diagnose the
infections caused by fungi.
Course Contents:
1. Introduction to Mycology 4 hours
Introduction, Classification of medically important fungi, Fungal species associated with AIDS.
Reference Books:
1. J. Chander: Textbook of Medical Mycology (2nd Ed.) 2002, Mehta Publishers, Delhi.
2. D. Greenwood, R. C.B. Slack and J. F. Peutherer: Microbiology (15th Ed.) 2000, Churchill Livingstone, London.
2. B. A. Forbes, D. F. Sahm and A. S. Weissfeld: Bailey & Scott's Diagnostic Microbiology (11th Ed.) 200, Mosby,
St. Louis.
3. P.R. Murray, K.S. Rosenthal, G.S. Kobayashi and M.A. Pfaller: Medical Microbiology (3rd Ed.) 1998, Mosby, St.
Louis.
4. Mackie and McCartney: Practical Medical Microbiology (14th Ed.) 1999, Churchill Livingstone, London.
46
PTL 312.2 (Credit hours 3)
Histopathology II
BMLT, Third Year, Sixth Semester
Course Objectives:
Students will be able to prepare staining reagent and perform tissue processing, section cutting,
stain tissue section, handle frozen section and museum sample.
Course Contents:
1. Laboratory handling: 2 hours
Practical aspect of laboratory management,hazards and safety in histopathological laboratory techniques .
2. Fixatives 7 hours
Definition of fixatives, its aims & objectives, classification, Preparation of fixatives
A) Simple fixative: Aldehyde & Gluteraldehyde, Oxidizing agents, Protein denaturing agents and other reagents
with unknown mechanism B) Compound fixatives: Classification and preparation of compound fixatives: i)
Micro anatomical fixatives: a)10% Formalin b) 10% Formal Saline c) 10% Buffered formalin d) 10%formal
calcium, e) Heidenhain's susa f) Zenker Fluid g) Beuin's fluid h) Gender's fluid ii)Cytological fixatives: a)
Nuclear Fixative: Carnoy's fixative, Clarke's Fluid, Alcohol Formalin. b) Cytoplasmic Fixative: Champy's Fluid
c) Histochemical Fixatives:-Buffered Formalin, Cold acetone& Absolute alcohols iii) Other Methods of Fixation:
a) Vapour Fixation b) Secondary fixation c) Past chromatization d) Freeze drying e) Heat fixation
Reference Books:
1) John.D.Bancroft and Stevens: Theory and Practice of Hitological Techniques
2) Harsh Mohan: Textbook of pathology (4th Ed.)
3) Winfrid Gray:Diagnostic Histo-Cytopathology
4) Bibbo:Comprehensive Cytopathology
5) L. G. Koss Diagnostic Hystopathological and Cytopathology
47
BCM 324.3 (Credit hours 3)
Biochemistry V
(Clinical)
BMLT, Third Year, Sixth Semester
Course Objectives:
This course will enable students to broadened their knowledge in Clinical Biochemistry with emphasis
on hormonal, gastrointestinal, hearth and cancer disorders.
Course Contents:
1. Gastrointestinal and Pancreatic Function 5 hours
Disorders and investigation of gastric function, Pancreatic disorders and their investigation, Acute and chronic
pancreatitis, α-amylase, Lipase, Other pancreatic enzymes (Trypsin, Chymotrypsin and carboxypeptidases), Sweat
Test.
Reference Books:
1. Tietz: Textbook of Clinical Chemistry (3rd Ed.) 1999, W. B. Saunders
2. Todd, Sanford, Davidson: Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Method (17th Ed.) 1998, W. B.
Saunders
3. W. J. Marshall and S. K. Bangert: Clinical Chemistry (5th Ed.) 2004, Mosby Inc.
4. T. M. Devlin: A Textbook of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlation (5th Ed.) 2002, Dyse-Wiley
5. L. Kaplan et al.: Clinical Chemistry Theory, Analysis and Correlations (4th Ed.) 2003, Mosby Inc.
6. H. Varley: Practical Clinical Biochemistry (4th Ed.), CBS
7. Robert K. Murray, Daryl K. Granner, Peter A. Mayes and Victor W. Rodwell: Harper’s Biochemistry (25th Ed.)
2000 Appleton and Lange, Stamford.
8. R. A. Harvey and P. C. Champe: Lippincott's Illustrated Review: Biochemistry (3rd Ed.) 2004, Lippincott
Williams and Wilkins
48
HML 325.3 (Credit hours 3)
Hematology II
BMLT, Third Year, Sixth Semester
Course Objectives:
This course will provide the basic knowledge on hematology and its application in Laboratory Medical Sciences
Course Contents:
1. Different types of red blood cells anomalies 2 hours
2. Anemia: 9 hours
Blood loss anemia, Hemolytic anemia, Aplastic anemia, Laboratory investigation of various types of anemia
3. Principles, interpretation and clinical correlation of the common laboratory tests 3 hours
G6PD, Fetal hemoglobin, Osmotic fragility, Hemoglobin electrophoresis, Sickling phenomena, Methemoglobin,
Ferritin and TIBC.
9. Leukemia: Definition, Etiology, Clinical features, Classification and laboratory diagnosis. 6 hours
11. Leukemoid reaction: Definition, Causes, Blood picture and differences from leukemia. 1 hour
16. Platelet disorders, Platelet function tests and their interpretation 1 hour
References:
4. F. Firkin, C. Chesterman, D. Penington and B. Rush: de Gruchy’s Clinical Hematology in Medical Practice
(5th Ed.) 1989, Oxford University Press, Delhi.
2. S.M. Lewis, B.J. Bain and I. Bates: Dacie and Lewis Practical Hematology (9th Ed.) 2002, Churchill
Livingstone, New Delhi.
3. J.M. Thompson: Blood Coagulation and Hemostasis (3rd Ed.) 1985, Churchill Livingstone, New Delhi.
4. S.S. Raphael: Lynch’s Medical Laboratory Technology (4th Ed.) 1983, W. B. Saunders Co., New Delhi.
49
LAB-15.1 (1 credit hour)
Laboratory 15.1
BMLT, Third Year, Sixth Semester
SEMINAR-5
BMLT, Third Year, Sixth Semester
Course Objectives:
Course Contents:
50
THE CONTENT OF SYLLABUS
BMLT
Fourth Year
Seventh Semester
51
MBL 401.3 (Credit hours 3)
Microbiology VII
(Clinical)
BMLT, Fourth year, Semester
Course Objectives:
Students will gain knowledge and skills to tackle the laboratory aspects of medico-legal cases as
well as lea Professional ethics related to clinical microbiology
Course Contents:
1. General Issues in Clinical Microbiology 10 hours
a. General Issues and role of B. Sc. MLT: responsibilities to the Patient and clinician
b. Laboratory Safety
c. Laboratory design, management and organization
d. Quality control and quality analysis
e. Infection control : nosocomial infections, abtibiotic-resistant microorganisms, Epidemiology and control
of community infections, Hospital infections, Outbreaks, Prevention
f. Examination of water, milk, food and air
2. Scientific and Laboratory Bases for Clinical Microbiology 6 hours
Host-microorganism interactions, Diagnosis of infectious diseases, Molecular methods for microbial
identification and characterization, Immunochemical methods, Serologic diagnosis, Antimicrobial action and
resistance, Antimicrobial susceptibility testing
3. Diagnosis by organ Systems 20 hours
a. Bacteremia and other relevant organisms isolated from blood
b. Laboratory diagnosis of lower respiratory tract infections
c. Laboratory diagnosis of upper respiratory tract infections
d. Laboratory diagnosis of infections in oral cavity and neck
e. Laboratory diagnosis of meningitis and other infections of CNS
f. Laboratory diagnosis of infections in eyes, ears and sinuses
g. Laboratory diagnosis of infections in urinary tract]
h. Laboratory diagnosis of infections in genital tract
i. Laboratory diagnosis of skin, soft tissues and wound infections
j. Normally sterile body fluids, bone and bone marrow and solid tissues
4. Special Infection Problems 4 hours
Health-care associated infection, Pyrexia of unknown origin, Infection in immuno-compromised patients,
Infection and pregnancy
5. Management of experimental animals 4 hours
In vivo microbiological techniques, Organization of experiment, Guinea pig, Mouse, Rat
6. Case studies 4 hours
Reference books:
1. Betty A. Forbes, Daniel F . Sahm and Alice S. Wessfeld: Bailey and Scott's Diagnostic Microbiology (11 th Ed.)
Mosby, St. Louis 2002
2. Morag C. Timbury, Christine McCartney, Bishan Thakker and Katherine N. Ward: Notes on Medical
Microbiology 200, Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh.
3. David Greenwood, Richard C.B. Slack and John F. Peutherer : Medical Microbiololgy (16 th Ed) 2002 ,
Churchill Livingstone, New Delhi
4. Patrick R. Murray, Ken S. Rosental, George S. Kobaysahi and Michael A.Pfaller: Medical Microbiology (3 rd
Ed) 1998, Mosby, St. Louis.
5. Gerald J. Collee, Andrew G. Fraser, Barrir P. Marminn and Anthony Simmous: Mackie and McCartney
Practical Medical Microbiology (14th Ed) 1999, Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh.
52
PTL 411.3 (Credit hours 3)
Course Objectives:
Students will gain knowledge and skills to tackle the laboratory aspects of medico-legal cases as well as
learn laboratory professional ethics.
Course Contents:
1. Introduction 2 hours
Definition, history of forensic medicine
Reference Books:
1. Apurba Nandy: Principles of Forensic Medicine.
2. B. V. Suvramanyan: Modi's Medical Jurisprudence and Toxicology (22nd Ed.) 1999, Butterworts, New Delhi.
53
BCM 421.3 (Credit hours 3)
Biochemistry VI
(Toxicology)
BMLT, Fourth Year, Seventh Semester
Course Objectives:
Students will gain knowledge and skills to tackle the laboratory aspects of medico-legal cases as well as
learn laboratory professional ethics.
Course Contents:
1. Genetic Disorders and Inborn Error of Metabolism 5 hours
Introduction, Autosomal disorders, sex linked disorders, Laboratory diagnosis of Albinism, Alkaptonuria, Maple
Syrup Urine disease, histidinemia, cystinuria, Wilson’s disease.
Reference Books:
1. Tietz: Textbook of Clinical Chemistry (3rd Ed.) 1999, W. B. Saunders
2. Todd, Sanford, Davidson: Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Method (17th Ed.) 1998, W. B.
Saunders
3. W. J. Marshall and S. K. Bangert: Clinical Chemistry (5th Ed.) 2004, Mosby Inc.
4. T. M. Devlin: A Textbook of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlation (5th Ed.) 2002, Dyse-Wiley
5. L. Kaplan et al.: Clinical Chemistry Theory, Analysis and Correlations (4th Ed.) 2003, Mosby Inc.
6. H. Varley: Practical Clinical Biochemistry (4th Ed.), CBS
7. Robert K. Murray, Daryl K. Granner, Peter A. Mayes and Victor W. Rodwell: Harper’s Biochemistry (25th Ed.)
2000 Appleton and Lange, Stamford.
8. R. A. Harvey and P. C. Champe: Lippincott's Illustrated Review: Biochemistry (3rd Ed.) 2004, Lippincott
Williams and Wilkins
9. Plummer D., ―An Introduction To Practical Biochemistry‖,Third edition, Tata McGraw Hill,India.
10. Wilson and Walker, ―Practical Biochemistry‖, Fifth edition, Cambridge.
54
HML 422.3 (Credit hours 3)
Course Objectives:
The course provide knowledge of principle and techniques involved in blood banking.
Course Contents:
1. Basic Concepts of Immunohematology 10 hours
Introduction and history of blood transfusion, Fundamentals of immunology and immunohematology, Erythrocyte
antigen and antibodies, Antigen-antibody reactions (agglunitation, sensitization, hemolysis, neutralization,
precipitation). Blood group systems, ABO, Rh and other blood groups. Leu ocyte antigens and HLA typing. Platelet
antigens.
Reference Books:
1. Quinly E. D. (ed): Immunohematology ,Principle and Practice, 2nd Ed., Lippincott, Philadelphia, 1998.
2. Beutler E, Lichtman M. A., Coller B. S., Kipps T. J. and Seligosohn U: Willims Hematology (6th. Ed), Mc Graw-
Hill, 2001.
3. Lewish S. M., Bain B. J. and Bates T: Practical Haematology (9th Ed) Churchill Livingstone.
55
RES 491.3 (Credit hours 3)
Course Objectives:
The course will enable students to independently search the relevant clinical laboratory science
literature, and write a research project based on scientific background. The research project will be
submitted to relevant authorities.
Course Contents:
1. Medline and Related Data Bases 7 hours
Introduction to literature search, Key words, Medline, PubMed, SCI, Current Contents, Chemical Abstracts,
Biological Abstracts,
4. Patents 3 hours
Patent, Access to patents, Citation of a patent, Expired patents
* Four students are jointly writing a proposal under the supervision of a teacher. The proposal will be submitted to
the relevant authorities.
56
LAB-18.1 (1 credit hour)
Laboratory 18
BMLT, Fourth Year, Seventh Semester
Chosen topics in Medicinal Microbiology
SEMINAR-6
BMLT, Fourth Year, Seventh Semester
Course Objectives:
Course Contents:
57
THE CONTENT OF SYLLABUS
BMLT
Fourth Year
Eighth Semester
58
INT 491.3 (Credit hours 3)
Internship
BMLT, Fourth Year, Eighth Semester
59
PRW 492.6 (Credit hours 6)
Project work
BMLT, Fourth Year, Eighth Semester
60
THE CONTENT OF
PRACTICAL SYLLABUS
61
Bachelor of Science in Medical Laboratory Technology (B.Sc.MLT)
Haematology
62
6. Urine Examination by Strip Method 3
7. Urine for Pregnancy Test (UPT) 1
8. Cerebro Spinal Fluid (C.S.F.) and Other Body Fluids Examination 5
9. Semen Analysis 1
(a) Physical Examination 2
(b) Chemical Examination 2
(c) Microscopy Examination 2
!0. Sputum Examination For T.B. 3
11. Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (F.N.A.C.) and PAP-Smear 5
STOOL SECTION
1. Occult Blood 2
2. Ova and Parasite 5
HISTOPATHOLOGY-SECTION
1. Sample Collection, Lab-No. or Code-No. & Fixation Technique 2
2. Fixative & Preparation -
(a) 10% Formalin 1
(b) 10% Formal Saline 1
(c) 10% Neutral Buffered Formalin 1
(d) 10% Formal Calcium/Calcium Acetate Formalin 1
63
(e) Heidenhain's Susa 1
(f) Zenker's Formal (Helly Formal Zenker) 1
(g) Bouin's Fluid 1
3. Preparation of Decalcifier Reagent 3
(a) Formic Acid-Formalin & Others 1
4. Tissue Processing 2
(a) Dehydration 1
(b) Clearing 1
(c) Impregnation 1
(d) Embedding & Blocking 2
5. Microtome or their Type & Sharpening of their Knives 5
6. Technique of Section Cutting 5
7. Preparation of Stain and Different Staining Procedure -
(a) Haematoxyline & Eosin Stain 2
(b) Papanicolou Technique (PAP) For Diagnostic Exfoliative Cytology. 2
(c) Periodic Acid Schiff's(PAS) For Carbohydrates 2
(d) Gomori's Silver Impregnation For Reticoulin Fibres 2
(e) Peril's-Prussian Blue Reaction For Hemosiderine 2
(f) Grimelius Silver Method For Argyrophel Cell 2
(g) Gomorri's Method For Demonstrating Haemosiderin(Ferric Salts) 2
(h) Veroff's Method For Elastic Fibres 2
(i) Ziehl-Neelsen Technique For Mycobacterium Tuberculosis 3
(j) Fite Stain For Mycobacterium Leprae in Tissue 3
(k) Phosphotungstic Acid Haematoxylin (PTAM) For Neurological Fibres 2
(l) Sudan Ш or Sudan lV Staining For Fat 2
(m) Masson Fontana For Melanin 2
(n) Methanamine Silver-Grocott's Method For Fungi 2
(o) Masson's Trichrome For Collagen Fibres 2
(p) Alkaline Congo-Red Technique For Amyloid 2
(q) War thin-Starry Method For Spirochetes 2
(r) Southgate's—Mayer's Mucicarmine Method 2
8. Museum Technique 5
Biochemistry
64
12. Scheme for Identification of Unknown CHO Solution 3
13. General Scheme for Identification of (CHO) ,Proteins & Non- Protein Nitrogenous (NPN) 3
Substances
CLINICAL- BIOCHEMISTRY 2
14. Glucose-Estimation 1
A. BLOOD GLUCOSE 1
a. O-Toluidine With Standard Graph Method 3
b. Folin Wu Method 2
c. Glucose Oxidase-Peroxidase (GOD-_POD) Method or Kit Method 2
d. Spot Test 1
e. Glucose Tolerance Test 3
B. URINE-GLUCOSE 1
a. Benedict’s Test 1
b. Glucose Oxidase-Peroxidase (GOD-POD) Method or Kit Method 1
C. C.S.F. GLUCOSE OR Other BODY FLUIDS GLUCOSE ESTIMATION 2
a. O-Toluidine With Standard Graph Method 1
b. Glucose Oxidase-Peroxidase (GOD-POD) Method or Kit Method 1
c. Turbidimetry Method 1
15. UREA-ESTIMATION IN BLOOD & URINE 1
a. Diacetyl Monoxime Method With Standard Graph Method 2
b. Kit Method. 1
16. Creatinine-Estimation 1
a. Jaffe’s Method With Standard Graph 2
b. Urine Creatinine Kit Method 1
17. BLOOD CALCIUM-ESTIMATION 1
a. Diethanolamine Method 1
b. Kit Method 1
18. Phosphorus By Fiske Subb Rao Method 2
19. Uric Acid By Henry et.al & Kit Method 2
20. CHOLESTEROL-ESTIMATION 1
a. Zak’s With Standard Graph Method 2
b. Kit Method 1
21. Triglycerides By Kit Method 1
22. Bilirubin By Malloues & Evelyn Method 3
23. Serum Protein-Estimation 1
a. Biuret Method & Kit Method 1
b. Turbidimetric Method 1
c. Photometric Method 1
d. Electrophoresis Method 3
24. C.S.F. & Other Body Fluid Protein-Estimation 1
a. Biuret Method 1
b. Turbidimetry Method 1
c. Kit Method 1
25. URINE PROTEIN-ESTIMATION 1
a. Biuret Method & Kit Method 1
b. Turbidimetric Method 1
c. B.J.Protein-Estimation By Heat & Cool Method 2
26. Albumin –Estimation By Dye Binding Standard Graph or Kit Method 3
27. AST , ALT By Manual & Kit Method 5
28. ALP By Manual & Kit Method 3
29. HDL-Cholesterol By Using Kit Method 2
30. Amylase-estimation By Kit Method 2
31. LDH-Estimation By Enzymatic Method 2
32. CK or CKMB – Estimation By Kit Method 3
33. Urine Screening Test By Strip Method 5
34. Immunodiffusion 2
35 Hormones and tumor markers by FIA and ELISA 5
36 Drug analysis 2
37 Blood gas analysis 3
38 Electrolyte analysis 5
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Bachelor of Science in Medical Laboratory Technology (B.Sc.MLT)
Microbiology
1. Introduction to Practical laboratory Sciences &Laboratory Safety rules 5
2. Instrumentation & Techniques or Lab. Glass ware 5
(a) Microscopy (1)Light &(2)Compound 2
(b) Observation & Uses of Autoclave & Hot Air Oven 3
(c) Preparation of Common Laboratory Disinfectants & their uses 3
(d) Cleaning & Decontamination of Glass Wares & Lab Waste Materials 3
3. Preparation of General Laboratory Reagents for Staining of Microorganisms in 5
Microbiology
(a) Gram's Stain 2
(b) ZN Stain 2
(c) Methyline Blue Stain 2
(d) Albert Stain 2
(e) Negative Staining by Wet Indian Ink For Capsules 2
(f) Silver Impregnation Method For Fimbrial 2
(g) Pellicle formation Method For Fimbrial 2
(h) Staining of Flagella by Leifson Method 3
(i) Wet- Mount 2
(j) Leishman's Stain 2
(k) Giemsa's Stain For Protozoa, Spirochaetes & Designed to Differentiate 3
Leucocytes Staining.
(l) Lacto phenol cotton Blue-Mounting Medium-Used For Study of fungus cultures. 5
4. Morphological Study of Bacteria 5
5. Motility, Hanging Drop Method 5
6. Sample Collection, Preservation & Processing Method 5
7. Methods & Cultivation of Bacteria 10
8. Culture Methods 5
(a) Aerobic Method:-Streak, Lawn, Stroke, Stab, Pour Plate & Liquid Culture. 10
(b) Anaerobic Method:-Displacement of O2 with other gases, Cultivation in 10
Vaccum,Addition of Reducing Agents, Biological Method ,Chemical Method,
Growing Aerobes, Anaerobes together Using Anaerobic Jars –McIntosh &
Fildesjar & Modifications-Gaspak System.
9. Antibiotic Sensitivity Test 5
(a) Diffusion-(1)Ditch plate(2)Cup plate & (3) Disc Diffusion Method 1
(b) Dilution-(1)Tube Dilution & (2)Agar Dilution Method 1
10. Isolation & Identification of pure Culture/Clinical Specimen 10
11. Isolation & Identification of Mixed Culture/Clinical Specimen 10
12. Preparation, Sterilization & Uses of Common Media in Lab. 15
13. Serological Test in Microbiology 10
(a) Coagulation test 2
(b) Agglutination test:-Widal & Haemaggulutination test (Coomb's Test)For TPHA, 5
Brucella Agglutination Test & Paul Bunnel Test
(c) Precipitation Test:-VDRL/RPR 2
(d) C-Reactive Protein (CRP) 2
(e) Anti-Streptolysin "O" Test (ASO) 2
(f) Rheumatic Factor Detection (RF or RA) 2
(g) Anti-Nuclear Antibody Test(ANA) 2
(h) Neutralization Test 2
(i) Complement Fixation Test 2
(j) Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay(ELISA)For HIV,HCV,ANA , HBsAg & 7
Spot Test For HIV, HBsAg & HCV
(k) Radio-Immunoassay( RIA) 2
(l) Immunoflorescence Test (1)Direct & (2)Indirect 2
14. STOOL RE/ME For Parasitological Examination 5
15. KOH Mount Test For Fungal Detection 2
16. Mantoux Test For Tuberculin Detection 2
17. Slit Smear For M. Lepray 2
66