Technologies used:

 JavaFX
 Mysql

JavaFX

JavaFX is a Java library using which you can develop Rich Internet
Applications. By using Java technology, these applications have a browser
penetration rate of 76%.

What is JavaFX?
JavaFX is a Java library used to build Rich Internet Applications. The
applications written using this library can run consistently across multiple
platforms. The applications developed using JavaFX can run on various
devices such as Desktop Computers, Mobile Phones, TVs, Tablets, etc.

To develop GUI Applications using Java programming language, the

programmers rely on libraries such as Advanced Windowing
Toolkit and Swing. After the advent of JavaFX, these Java programmers
can now develop GUI applications effectively with rich content.

Need for JavaFX

To develop Client Side Applications with rich features, the programmers
used to depend on various libraries to add features such as Media, UI
controls, Web, 2D and 3D, etc. JavaFX includes all these features in a single
library. In addition to these, the developers can also access the existing
features of a Java library such as Swing.

JavaFX provides a rich set of graphics and media API’s and it leverages the
modern Graphical Processing Unit through hardware accelerated
graphics. JavaFX also provides interfaces using which developers can
combine graphics animation and UI control.

One can use JavaFX with JVM based technologies such as Java, Groovy and
JRuby. If developers opt for JavaFX, there is no need to learn additional
technologies, as prior knowledge of any of the above-mentioned
technologies will be good enough to develop RIA’s using JavaFX.

Features of JavaFX
Following are some of the important features of JavaFX −

 Written in Java − The JavaFX library is written in Java and is available for the
languages that can be executed on a JVM, which include − Java, Groovy and
JRuby. These JavaFX applications are also platform independent.

 FXML − JavaFX features a language known as FXML, which is a HTML like

declarative markup language. The sole purpose of this language is to define a
user Interface.

 Scene Builder − JavaFX provides an application named Scene Builder. On

integrating this application in IDE’s such as Eclipse and NetBeans, the users can
access a drag and drop design interface, which is used to develop FXML
applications (just like Swing Drag & Drop and DreamWeaver Applications).

 Swing Interoperability − In a JavaFX application, you can embed Swing

content using the Swing Node class. Similarly, you can update the existing
Swing applications with JavaFX features like embedded web content and rich
graphics media.

 Built-in UI controls − JavaFX library caters UI controls using which we can

develop a full-featured application.

 CSS like Styling − JavaFX provides a CSS like styling. By using this, you can
improve the design of your application with a simple knowledge of CSS.

 Canvas and Printing API − JavaFX provides Canvas, an immediate mode style
of rendering API. Within the package javafx.scene.canvas it holds a set of
classes for canvas, using which we can draw directly within an area of the
JavaFX scene. JavaFX also provides classes for Printing purposes in the
package javafx.print.

 Rich set of API’s − JavaFX library provides a rich set of API’s to develop GUI
applications, 2D and 3D graphics, etc. This set of API’s also includes capabilities
of Java platform. Therefore, using this API, you can access the features of Java
languages such as Generics, Annotations, Multithreading, and Lambda
 Expressions. The traditional Java Collections library was enhanced and concepts
like observable lists and maps were included in it. Using these, the users can
observe the changes in the data models.

 Integrated Graphics library − JavaFX provides classes

for 2d and 3d graphics.

 Graphics pipeline − JavaFX supports graphics based on the Hardware-

accelerated graphics pipeline known as Prism. When used with a supported
Graphic Card or GPU it offers smooth graphics. In case the system does not
support graphic card then prism defaults to the software rendering stack.

Installing Java8
First of all, you will have to verify whether there is Java Installed in your
system or not by opening the command prompt and typing the command
“Java” in it.

If you haven’t installed Java in your system, the command prompt displays
the message shown in the following screenshot.

Then install Java by following the steps given below.

Step 1 − Visit the JavaSE Downloads Page, click on the

JDK Downloadbutton as highlighted in the following screenshot
Step 2 − On clicking the Download button, you will be redirected to
the Java SE Development Kit 8 Downloads page. This page provides
you links of JDK for various platforms.

Accept the license agreement and download the required software by

clicking on its respective link.
For example, if you are working on a windows 64-bit Operating System
then you need to download the JDK version highlighted in the following
screenshot.

On clicking the highlighted link, the Java8 Development Kit suitable for
Windows 64-bit Operating System will be downloaded onto your system.

Step 3 − Run the downloaded binary executable file to start the installation
of JDK8.
Step 4 − Choose the Installation Directory.
Step 5 − On selecting the destination folder and clicking Next, the JavaFX
installation process starts displaying the progress bar as shown in the
following screenshot.

Step 6 − Change the installation directory if needed, else keep the default
ones and proceed further.
Step 7 − Finish the installation process by clicking the Close button as
shown in the following screenshot.
Setting up the Path for Windows
After installing Java, you need to set the path variables. Assume that you
have installed Java in C:\Program Files\java\jdk1.8.0_91directory.

Now you can follow the steps that are given below −

 Right-click on 'My Computer' and select 'Properties'.

 Click on the 'Environment Variables' button under the 'Advanced' tab.

 Now, alter the 'Path' variable so that it also contains the path to the Java
executable. For Example, if the path is currently set to
'C:\WINDOWS\SYSTEM32', then change your path to read
'C:\WINDOWS\SYSTEM32; C:\Program Files\java\ jdk1.8.0_91\bin'.

Setting NetBeans Environment of JavaFX

NetBeans8 provides inbuilt support for JavaFX. On installing this, you can
create a JavaFX application without any additional plugins or JAR files. To
set up the NetBeans environment, you will need to follow the steps that are
given below.

Step 1 − Visit the NetBeans website NetBeans website and click the

Download button in order to download the NetBeans software.

Step 2 − On clicking Download, you will get to the Downloads page of the
NetBeans software, which provides NetBeans bundles for various Java
applications. Download the NetBeans software for JavaSE as shown in the
following screenshot.
Step 3 − On clicking this button, a file named netbeans-8.0-
windows.exewill be downloaded onto your system. Run this file in order to
install it. On running this file, a NetBeans installer will start as shown in the
following screenshot.
After completion of the configuration, you will see the Welcome Page of
the installer.

Step 4 − Click the Next button and proceed with the installation.
Step 5 − The next window holds the NETBEANS IDE 8.0 license
agreement. Read it carefully and accept the agreement by checking the
checkbox at “I accept the terms in the license agreement” and then click
the Next button.
Step 6 − In the next window, you will encounter the license agreement
for Junit, accept it by selecting the radio button at “I accept the terms in
the license agreement, Install JUnit” and click on Next.
Step 7 − Choose the destination directory where you need the Netbeans
8.0 to be installed. Furthermore, you can also browse through the directory
where Java Development Kit is installed in your system and click on
the Nextbutton.
Step 8 − Similarly, choose the destination directory for Glassfish
Serverinstallation. Browse through the Java Development Kit directory
(now for Glassfish Reference) and then click Next.
Step 9 − Check the Check for Updates box for automatic updates and
click the Install button to start the installation.
Step 10 − This step starts the installation of NetBeans IDE 8.0 and it may
take a while.
Step 11 − Once the process is complete, click the Finish button to finish
the installation.

Step 12 − Once you launch the NetBeans IDE, you will see the start page
as shown in the following screenshot.
Step 13 − In the file menu, select New Project… to open the New project
wizard as shown in the following screenshot.
Step 14 − In the New Project wizard, select JavaFX and click on Next. It
starts creating a new JavaFX Application for you.

Step 15 − Select the name of the project and location of the project in
the NewJavaFX Application window and then click Finish. It creates a
sample application with the given name.
In this instance, an application with a name javafxsample is created.
Within this application, the NetBeans IDE will generate a Java program with
the name Javafxsample.java. As shown in the following screenshot, this
program will be created inside NetBeans Source Packages →
javafxsample.
Step 16 − Right-click on the file and select Run File to run this code as
shown in the following screenshot.
This automatically created program contains the code which generates a
simple JavaFX window having a button with the label Say ‘Hello World’ in
it. Every time you click on this button, the string Hello World will be
displayed on the console as shown below.
JavaFX Architecture:
Architecture of JavaFX API is shown below. Here you can see the
components that support JavaFX API.
JavaFX Application Structure
In general, a JavaFX application will have three major components
namely Stage, Scene and Nodes as shown in the following diagram.

Stage
A stage (a window) contains all the objects of a JavaFX application. It is
represented by Stage class of the package javafx.stage. The primary
stage is created by the platform itself. The created stage object is passed as
an argument to the start() method of the Application class (explained in
the next section).

A stage has two parameters determining its position

namely Width and Height. It is divided as Content Area and Decorations
(Title Bar and Borders).

There are five types of stages available −

 Decorated

 Undecorated
  Transparent

 Unified

 Utility

You have to call the show() method to display the contents of a stage.

Scene
A scene represents the physical contents of a JavaFX application. It contains
all the contents of a scene graph. The class Scene of the
package javafx.scene represents the scene object. At an instance, the
scene object is added to only one stage.

You can create a scene by instantiating the Scene Class. You can opt for the
size of the scene by passing its dimensions (height and width) along with
the root node to its constructor.

Scene Graph and Nodes

A scene graph is a tree-like data structure (hierarchical) representing the
contents of a scene. In contrast, a node is a visual/graphical object of a
scene graph.

A node may include −

 Geometrical (Graphical) objects (2D and 3D) such as − Circle, Rectangle,

Polygon, etc.

 UI Controls such as − Button, Checkbox, Choice Box, Text Area, etc.

 Containers (Layout Panes) such as Border Pane, Grid Pane, Flow Pane, etc.

 Media elements such as Audio, Video and Image Objects.

The Node Class of the package javafx.scene represents a node in JavaFX,

this class is the super class of all the nodes.

As discussed earlier a node is of three types −

 Root Node − The first Scene Graph is known as the Root node.

 Branch Node/Parent Node − The node with child nodes are known as
branch/parent nodes. The abstract class named Parent of the
package javafx.scene is the base class of all the parent nodes, and those
parent nodes will be of the following types −
 o Group − A group node is a collective node that contains a list of children
nodes. Whenever the group node is rendered, all its child nodes are
rendered in order. Any transformation, effect state applied on the group
will be applied to all the child nodes.

o Region − It is the base class of all the JavaFX Node based UI Controls,
such as Chart, Pane and Control.

o WebView − This node manages the web engine and displays its
contents.

 Leaf Node − The node without child nodes is known as the leaf node. For
example, Rectangle, Ellipse, Box, ImageView, MediaView are examples of leaf
nodes.

It is mandatory to pass the root node to the scene graph. If the Group is
passed as root, all the nodes will be clipped to the scene and any alteration
in the size of the scene will not affect the layout of the scene.

MySQL Database
MySQL is a fast, easy-to-use RDBMS being used for many small and big
businesses. MySQL is developed, marketed and supported by MySQL AB,
which is a Swedish company. MySQL is becoming so popular because of
many good reasons −

 MySQL is released under an open-source license. So you have nothing to pay to

use it.
 MySQL is a very powerful program in its own right. It handles a large subset of
the functionality of the most expensive and powerful database packages.
 MySQL uses a standard form of the well-known SQL data language.
 MySQL works on many operating systems and with many languages including
PHP, PERL, C, C++, JAVA, etc.
 MySQL works very quickly and works well even with large data sets.
 MySQL is very friendly to PHP, the most appreciated language for web
development.
  MySQL supports large databases, up to 50 million rows or more in a table. The
default file size limit for a table is 4GB, but you can increase this (if your
operating system can handle it) to a theoretical limit of 8 million terabytes (TB).
 MySQL is customizable. The open-source GPL license allows programmers to
modify the MySQL software to fit their own specific environments.

Administrative MySQL Command

Here is the list of the important MySQL commands, which you will use time
to time to work with MySQL database −

 USE Databasename − This will be used to select a database in the MySQL

workarea.
 SHOW DATABASES − Lists out the databases that are accessible by the MySQL
DBMS.
 SHOW TABLES − Shows the tables in the database once a database has been
selected with the use command.
 SHOW COLUMNS FROM tablename: Shows the attributes, types of attributes,
key information, whether NULL is permitted, defaults, and other information for
a table.
 SHOW INDEX FROM tablename − Presents the details of all indexes on the
table, including the PRIMARY KEY.
 SHOW TABLE STATUS LIKE tablename\G − Reports details of the MySQL
DBMS performance and statistics.

Important MySQL Commands :

Commands

 Access monitor: mysql -u [username] -p; (will prompt for password)

 Show all databases: show databases;
 Access database: mysql -u [username] -p [database] (will prompt for password)
 Create new database: create database [database];
 Select database: use [database];
 Determine what database is in use: select database();
 Show all tables: show tables;
 Show table structure: describe [table];
 List all indexes on a table: show index from [table];
 Create new table with columns: CREATE TABLE [table] ([column]
VARCHAR(120), [another-column] DATETIME);
 Adding a column: ALTER TABLE [table] ADD COLUMN [column] VARCHAR(120);
 Adding a column with an unique, auto-incrementing ID: ALTER TABLE [table]
ADD COLUMN [column] int NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY;
 Inserting a record: INSERT INTO [table] ([column], [column]) VALUES
('[value]', [value]');
 MySQL function for datetime input: NOW()
 Selecting records: SELECT * FROM [table];
 Explain records: EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM [table];
 Selecting parts of records: SELECT [column], [another-column] FROM [table];
 Counting records: SELECT COUNT([column]) FROM [table];
 Counting and selecting grouped records: SELECT *, (SELECT COUNT([column])
FROM [table]) AS count FROM [table] GROUP BY [column];
 Selecting specific records: SELECT * FROM [table] WHERE [column] =
[value]; (Selectors: <, >, !=; combine multiple selectors with AND, OR)
 Select records containing [value]: SELECT * FROM [table] WHERE [column] LIKE
'%[value]%';
 Select records starting with [value]: SELECT * FROM [table] WHERE [column]
LIKE '[value]%';
 Select records starting with val and ending with ue: SELECT * FROM [table]
WHERE [column] LIKE '[val_ue]';
 Select a range: SELECT * FROM [table] WHERE [column] BETWEEN [value1] and
[value2];
 Select with custom order and only limit: SELECT * FROM [table] WHERE
[column] ORDER BY [column] ASC LIMIT [value];(Order: DESC, ASC)
 Updating records: UPDATE [table] SET [column] = '[updated-value]' WHERE
[column] = [value];
 Deleting records: DELETE FROM [table] WHERE [column] = [value];
 Delete all records from a table (without dropping the table itself): DELETE FROM
[table]; (This also resets the incrementing counter for auto generated columns
like an id column.)
 Delete all records in a table: truncate table [table];
 Removing table columns: ALTER TABLE [table] DROP COLUMN [column];
 Deleting tables: DROP TABLE [table];
 Deleting databases: DROP DATABASE [database];
 Custom column output names: SELECT [column] AS [custom-column] FROM
[table];
 Export a database dump (more info here): mysqldump -u [username] -p
[database] > db_backup.sql
 Use --lock-tables=false option for locked tables (more info here).
 Import a database dump (more info here): mysql -u [username] -p -h localhost
[database] < db_backup.sql
 Logout: exit;
