Organizational culture, politics and power and motivating teams and

individuals

Introduction
Organization culture and characteristics are focus to alteration and JOHN KEELLS is one
such organization that ended the previous few eons have gone over momentous variations. In
the study depend on the providing consequence changed characteristics of organization
culture have been examined and inspected in the background of JOHN KEELLS and with
orientation to applicable cultural and motivational theories and representations.

Power culture - this culture enjoys by limited people in organization. These type people
have the power. Further they are official to yield essential choices. These type persons are
measured to be the advantaged ones at the effort residence. These imposing figures further
have the accountability to further representative vacancies descriptions and responsibilities to
additional staffs. In this effort culture the workers do not have the authorization to rapid their
interpretations.

Task culture - this culture represents an organizational culture. That is depend on the crew
performance. Furthermore, organizational culture teams are made consequently in instruction
to accomplish the goals. Task culture lets the members of the organization the chance of
identical influence in order to achieve the allocated responsibilities in an advanced method.

Person culture - An organization that shadows the prototypical of a person culture

accentuates over the reputation of the workers. In such culture persons are additional worried
about their separate income rather than the organizational advantage.

Role culture - this type culture designates an organizational culture that highlights on the
vicarious characters of the workers. These vicarious characters of the workers are depending
over the specialism, enlightening qualification of the staffs and in this culture the workers
appreciate the chance of determining what best they can do and rendering to their assortment
of the job characters they also freely receive tasks.

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Organizational Behavior
Assignment 01
The facsimiles that JOHN KEELLS trailed before Susantha Ratnayake appropriated the
custody of the organization were the administrative model which is comparable to the power
culture. It demonstrated to be not apposite for the business to run the organizational
operations effortlessly as the prototypical only goal at the effectiveness finished surrounding
severe organizational guidelines and enigmas of conduct for the staffs. In the supremacy of
this culture the staffs did not have sufficient possibilities and chance to prompt their opinions
and their organizational matters. As everybody in the organization were destined to monitor
the same instruction in vindictiveness of the fact the instructions are not rendering to the
separate competences of a person. Employees with advanced philosophies also required
behind because of this culture model as they were incapable to rapid their interpretations and
philosophies.

After Susantha Ratnayake took custody JOHN KEELLS applied new strategy and
organizational culture mockups. The replicas that they applied in order to progress
organizational income and advantage are the Cogent Goal Model and the Mckinsey 7 s
model. 

The fraternity control strategy characterizes cultural standards which is contradictory of

administrative control. Clique control is a culture that the whole thing well with standards,
politics and business culture and it has been showed to be accommodating in adaptable the
employee behaviors and achieving organizational goals. The lucid model has also
demonstrated to be a suitable one for attaining organizational objectives in a methodical way.

The decision-making progression ideal that JOHN KEELLS ongoing next has amplified the
efficiency of the decision-making progressions like management, decision making and
planning.
The organizational useful model simplifies the progression of difficult the organizational
resilience and suitable techniques of retorting to the company matters.

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Assignment 01
Impact of power and politics over the behavior within JOHN KEELLS.
The business culture within JOHN KEELLS has been prejudiced by the exterior power and
political situation of Sri Lanka. The cultural standards and the company cultural replicas that
have been realized in the company have been exaggerated by the radical situation of the
country. After Brexit in instruction to survive up with the existing political condition the
administrative culture has been modified.

After variations in the political situation of the country the management team of JOHN
KEELLS has also been transformed. Susantha Rathnayeka assimilated a new theme in the
company culture in order to stimulate ingenuity across the company. Specifically, in esteems
with the company culture Jerry Timings presented and logged better ideas for the continuance
of the relationship among the workers in the company. Furthermore, main modification that
the company confronted was alteration of the administrative method of the grading in the
company. The classified assembly of the company progressively malformed into a company
arranged with the clique mechanism strategy. 

All the three features that is the culture, power and politics has abundant consequence on the
performance of the company JOHN KEELLS. It has prejudiced the inclusive decision
making approach of the company or organization. it effects the interface of the staffs in the
organization with the consumers and the separate connected to the organization. Due to the
stimulus of culture, power and politics there has been vicissitudes in the total efficiency of the
company. In the organization due to the cultural variations, encouragement of power and the
meddling of politics have twisted vertical fluctuations in the organizational performance and
its culture. The usage of power in the company JOHN KEELLS has prejudiced the total
efficiency of the organization by countenancing the staffs to effort in a much improved
atmosphere than before. The influences have twisted equally positive and negative influence
on the organizational behavior of the company JOHN KEELLS. The usage of power and
politics has countenances the company to transport in new vicissitudes like the recompense
system where the workers are if with rewards depend on the recital of the organization and
worker assortment for the management of the other staffs. But at the equal period power
usage has been spiteful for the staffs in the company due to the misappropriation of the
influence done by diverse representatives in the organization originally. Over the usage of
politics has unfair the recital of the company as the company JOHN KEELLS has modified
fundamentals from dissimilar political structure that is presently in act in the republic into its

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Assignment 01
business strategies. This alteration of the policies has enhanced the efficiency of the
company. But again it has formed staffs getting complicated in the immoral performs in the
company JOHN KEELLS. 

The preceding employed culture of JOHN KEELLS reproduced the power culture and
present culture after opposite several problems reflects working culture. The drive from
power culture to working culture has not been lined for JOHN KEELLS. The company has
gone over substantial organizational vagaries within its arrangement and culture. Interior
structure has absent over important changes. From bureaucratic structure, it has become
divisional structure. In the process of change the company had also adapted functional
structure.

Task 2
Content and process theories of motivation
Motivation can be definite as the progression of shamming the staffs in a company in edict to
accomplish the goals and objectives of an organization. In the organizational environment,
motivation can be definite as the development of manipulating the whole enactment of the
staffs by providing them motivation in terms of growing the aspiration, need to achieve the
given arrangement to them. It benefits in the successful completion of the business processes
with better efficiency.
The homework of motivation has secret or characterized the motivational theories into two
major groups and that are content theories and Process theories.
 Content theories
The primary focus of the content theory lies in the factors that are present within a person
who has the ability to energize, direct, sustain or stop behavior. These theories focus on the
individual needs of the people and considering theses needs focus on the areas that require
motivation. The identified specific needs are considered to be motivational factors for the
people, for example the theorists that applied this particular ideology in their motivational
theories are Abraham Maslow, Federick Herzberg, Clayton P. Alderfer and David C.
McClelland (Lazaroiu, 2015).

Content theories believe in satisfying the individual needs of the employees and it requires a
process of identifying the needs. In an organization meaningful rewards often prove to be
helpful in satisfying the needs of the employees and it is also important to understand that the
needs of an individual do not necessarily repeat in a regular pattern and offering appropriate
rewards can optimize the performance of the employees.

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Organizational Behavior
Assignment 01
Management assumptions (Theory X and Theory Y): Douglas McGregor further
developed Maslow’s motivation theory into Management Assumptions Theory. According to
these theory the managers of an organization assumes several needs of the employees. The
two categories were distinguished and the mangers tend to adopt one among the two. 

The first category is termed as Theory X and the managers who follow this theory adapted
the dominant management approach based on the following assumptions:
1. The human nature tends to avoid work load due to their general tendency of avoiding
workload.
2. Most of the people require to be controlled, directed or threatened with punishment in
order to get the employees to put adequate effort. 
3. Average employees prefer directions and they tend to avoid responsibilities. 
Along with the application of this approach, McGregor mentioned the real needs of the
workers that are often misinterpreted by the managers and in contrast to the previous theory
he proposed another theory that is known as theory Y.

Theory Y is virtually opposite to Theory X and it is based on the following assumptions:

1. Working is natural and it is similar to resting or playing.
2. External control along with threat of punishment can not be the driving force for
enhancing the productivity of a work force. People are more prone to exercising self-
control and self-direction in order to achieve the objectives they are committed to.
3. The ability of learning of the average employees depends on proper conditions.
4. In most of the organizations the ability of the employees is not explored completely.
According to McGregor Theory Y apart from meeting the needs of the organization also
meets the needs of the employees. He also stated that Theory X only has the credential to
meet Maslow’s Deficiency needs but Theory Y can also meet the development needs of the
employees. 

 Process theories
Process theories primarily focus on providing a description and an analysis of the process that
can be followed in order to energize, sustained, directed and stopped. Among the process
theories the predominant ones are:
1. Reinforcement and goal setting theories

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Organizational Behavior
Assignment 01
Process theories explain how employee behavior is energized. The work of B.F Skinner is
often associated with the reinforcement theories. His work is based on the assumption that the
behavior is influenced by its consequences. In this theory the consequences are referred to as
operants (Soltaniet al, 2014).
1. Expectancy and equity theories
Expectancy model focuses on the likeliness of the performance and the outcome. It
emphasizes on the individual behavior and according to this theory an individual decides
whether a job can be accomplished or not, whether the outcome can be treated as the result of
performing and along with that whether the outcome will be desirable or not (Soltaniet al,
2014)

(Figure 1: Content and Process Theories

Source: Self generated)
Process theories also includes behavioral model and OBM or Organizational Behavior
Modification research emphasizes over the scientific approach of the behavioral model. As
per the experts OBM has made a positive contribution in the organizational behavior and
employee behavior has been utterly improved with the implementation of OBM in the
organization.

(Figure 2: Behavioral Model

Source: self generated )
b)Impact of motivational techniques in improving the effectiveness in the teams within BBC
In the Big conversation that took place in the May of 2003, many of the BBC employees
complained against the harassment and the bullying of the management teams. According to
the employees they have been bullied rather than being managed by the management of the
organization. From discussions it has been found out that BBC had good leaders but the
number of the leaders is not enough to run such a huge organization (Pinder, 2014). As BBC

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Assignment 01
is a huge organization it is important to look after the needs of the employees in order to
motivate them accordingly.

Because of the bureaucratic management the teamwork inside the organization was lacking
and it required to be treated with importance. In a bureaucratic culture the employees can not
work as a team. In order to increase team spirit, group loyalty and team spirit the supervisory
behavior and concern for the workers have been improved. 

Both content theories and Process theories can facilitate the process of employee loyalty and
the employees can be motivated in such a manner that their productivity is increased.
Individual productivity leads to the organizational benefit as well. This has enabled the
opportunity to develop confidence, trust and the communication among the employees. Both
of the theories can help in motivating the employees to achieve individual goals (Pinder,
2014). As per the Content theories it is important to identify the needs of the employees and
they can be motivated according to their needs. There are several employees who have been
harassed and bullied, therefore, it is important to provide health and occupational safety to the
employees in order to meet their needs. Security of health and safety can be motivating for
the employees and they can perform as per their delegated roles.

The employees can be motivated through monetary rewards as well. Incentives and bonus
often serve as important rewards that can meet their motivational needs. Such rewards can be
essential in motivating the employees to perform better.
In order to improve the productivity of different teams in the organization, the management
needs to motivate the employee to effectively work in a team. Motivation is the driving force
that is essential in providing the force to the employees to perform even better. As per the
reports, the teamwork visibly lacked under the organization and along with that the team
performance and outcome had not been satisfactory in the previous years. Therefore, it is
important to motivate the employees to increase communication among them and emphasize
on the importance of working effectively in a team. 

Some of the other motivational theories that have been used by the company BBC are the use
of the theories like the Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs, two factor theory and few others in
order to inspire the employees to conduct their work accurately and effectively. The use of
these theories has ensured that there is the presence of emotional intelligence development
and there is the use of the situational leadership, culture, and empowerment job satisfaction.
This has created better impact on the improvement of the effectiveness in the teams. With the
presence of these elements the work environment for the employees has been very
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Organizational Behavior
Assignment 01
motivating, thus allowing the employees to give their best performance in the organization.
This has led to better outcome from the team which means that proper teamwork has been
maintained. The use of such theories has undoubtedly helped the company BBC to attain the
required level of enthusiasm from the employees to work more efficiently in the company.

Behavioral model and OBM or Organizational Behavior Modification have been applied by
BBC in order to improve the productivity of the employees. Behavioral model is applied in
the organization in order o improve the communication among the higher authority and the
subordinates in order to understand the needs of the employees. It is important to identify the
motivational needs of the employees in order to enhance individual performance. Individual
performance has the credential to increase the productivity of the organization.

OBM is concerned with improving the organizational code of conduct that suits the needs of
the employees. In order to change the bureaucratic power culture OBM has been a major
factor that changed the working condition within BBC and improved it at the same time.

c)Improved levels of motivation to achieve organizational goals

Improved level of motivation can be helpful for the organizational success. If the employees
of BBC are motivated in a right direction, it can ensure organizational success as well. The
motivated employee can perform better and it ensures the productive growth of the
organization. Motivation has a major role behind the employee satisfaction and satisfied
employees are one of the primary components of organizational success.

Employee engagement is one of the major components of organizational success. Employee

engagement indicates that the employees are devoted to their job roles and are more
concerned towards organizational success rather than their individual success. Changing the
workplace culture model of the organization has positive effect over the employee
engagement as well. As the new culture model is employee friendly and provides much more
importance to the functions of the employees, thus, the employees feel closer to the
organization and they also feel to be an important part of the organization (Lazaroiu, 2015).
Better management visibility, recognition of good work and coherence collaboration among
the employees and the authorial body has significant impact over the behavior of the
employees. Collaboration among the teams and simplification of the operational processes
has a significant positive impact on the culture of the organization. It enhances the working
spirit of the employees and the productivity of the employees is also enhanced due to their
engagement and employee satisfaction (Lazaroiu, 2015). Therefore, they are more dedicated

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Organizational Behavior
Assignment 01
towards the work that they are performing and it ensures better productivity as far as the
organizational outcome is concerned.

One of the goals of BBC is that the company aims in bringing in employees from different
culture to work together in their workplace. In order to achieve this goal and the other
organizational goals of the company BBC, there can be the use different motivational theory
like the use of two factor theory or the Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs. With the help of these
theories the company will be able to provide the employees with different approaches to
initiate better teamwork and coordination among the different employees. 

Conclusion
In the light of the above study, it can be stated that organizational strategy and management
have a significant impact over the organizational culture and any organizational culture that
encourages employee motivation and engagement prove to be potentially helpful for the
organizational success. It is seen that with the use of different motivational theories the
company will be to achieve the objectives of the company by influencing the employees to
give better performance by motivating them.
Part 2
Task 3
a)      Explanation of the different types of teams- functional, problem solving, project team
and virtual team within the BBC and the importance of the different types of teams.
The different types of teams that are present within the BBC are functional team, problem
solving team, project team and the virtual team. The importance of these teams is given
below.
Functional team: functional team can be defined as a group of employees who are working
for with the common functional expertise. In the company BBC, these employees are
working towards the same goal and have objectives that are being shared by the employees
and the organization. Functional team clearly permits more recognizable operational capacity
since specialists with shared cutoff points and data are assembled by limits performed. Each
social gathering of authorities can thusly work autonomously with affiliation going about as
the motivation driving cross-correspondence between utilitarian locales. 

Problem solving team: These teams in the company BBC are working towards the same goals
but their work is different as different task has been provided to the employees. These tasks
are based on the problems that are arising in the company, thus the main focus of these

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Organizational Behavior
Assignment 01
employees is to resolve the various issues that are present in the functions and operations of
the organization.

Project team: project team can be defined as a group of people where the member of the
group belongs to different groups and functions and are handling different projects that BBC
has undertaken.These members are then given various tasks. These tasks belong to the same
project on which the employees are working based on the needs of the organization. The
management team of the company BBC again divides the team into sub teams, which are
done according to the various functions of the project. These types of teams are used for a
definite time period. If the project has been completed then the group is dismissed. 

Virtual team: these teams are present in the company BBC which are distributed and divided
into different parts. These teams can be referred as a group of individuals who work together
in the same organization. The company undergoes various projects where the employees are
located in different locations but are working the same team and company for a single
project. These team members communicate among themselves with the help of various
mediums like email, FAX, or communicating among themselves with the help of voice or
video through the medium of conferencing services. This is done in order to collaborate with
the people belonging to the same group. 

These teams are important within the BBC so that the company can get better ideas and better
level of work as the employees will be working efficiently even in difficult circumstances.
All these team structure are used in BBC so that the grouping of the team is done effectively.
It helps the organization to build their business and grow in terms of profit and other benefits.

b)     Explanation of an effective team in the BBC in relation to Tuckman and Jensen’s model
of team development
In BBC an effective team can be described with the help of the various team theories that are
available in the business market. One of such theories is the Tuckman’s Theory of group
development (Lehmann-Willenbrock, 2017). This theory is based on various stages. The
stages of the Tuckman theory can be described below in order to develop a group are given
below.

Forming: In BBC, the use of Tuckman theory is quite prevalent as the group of team
members are initially formed as is counted to the first step in the development of the
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Assignment 01
Tuckman’s theory. This is the initial stage of team development in the theory and also in the
organization. In this stage or position, the employees usually work in order to find their place
in the organization. This finding of the place in the workplace is based on the sizing of the
group, evaluating their needs and demands.  

Storming: this is the second stage of the Tuckman’s theory that is being applied in the
workplace of BBC. In this stage the team members of the BBC challenge one another so that
they work as a team. The team members also compete with the team leaders about various
topics that are related to the working structure of the team and the success of the various
stages of the procedures of working of the team
Norming: it can be defined as the phase in the Tuckman’s theory where the team members
gather information regarding in accordance to the ground rules and processes that are on
development. 
Performing: it is the final stage in the theory where the team members effectively start
working in the tasks and building of the teams relationship helps in maintaining the
synchronization among the various team members of BBC (Gabelica et al, 2016).

At the same time the sue of this theory will be influencing the overall performance pofn the
employees as there will be influences in the role of the leadership in the company, there will
be the presence of better communication in the teams and development in the personality of
the employees. These changes in the employees will be more effective in improving the
teamwork of the company.

The effective use of the Tuckman theory will be helping the company BBC to develop an
effective team as the team members will be getting guidance in the appropriate form. The use
of the theory will be effective as the team members will be analyzing the situations and the
managers or the leader of the team will be leading the team in accordance to the theory
process, thus benefiting the company BBC in providing the best performance as the team will
be leaded in the appropriate manner. 

Task 4
a)      Team performance and productivity improvement within BBC using path goal theory
The use of path goal theory in the BBC indicates that the performance of the team is vital for
the organization. This is because the BBC uses a path goal theory which is based on the
behavior of the employees and the working environment of the organization. With the help of
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Organizational Behavior
Assignment 01
this theory in the organization, the achievement of the goals of the organizations is attained.
The main aim and goal of such kind of information is the increment in the motivation of the
employees, their empowerment and the employment satisfaction so that the employees
become more productive and help the organization to grow (Konradt et al, 2015). 

Path goal theory can be defined as the theory that involves the specifying of the leader’s style
and behavior that will be best suited for the employees and the current work environment in
order to achieve the goals of the organization. It is a process where the behaviors of the
leaders are selected which will be best suited for the fulfillment of the needs of the
employees. The use of this theory will be effective and can be linked with the use of the goal
setting theory.

In order to understand the team performance and improvement the use of the
situationalleadership will be effective in understanding the nature of the goal complexity and
the maturity of the group that is present in the team. It is seen that to understand the value of
situational leadership, there is the necessity to analyze the leadership theory. Situational
leadership theory is a theory that is based on the four styles. These styles are:
 telling: according to this style the leader sis the one that tells people the necessity that
is to be done
 selling: in this form the leaders give the ideas and the message that is to be analyzed
by the followers and then that process is introduced in the group
 participating: in this form the leaders allows the followers to give better views and
opinions and allows them to be actively taking part in the activities of decision
making
 delegating: in this form the leaders do not get involved in the decision making rather
they allow the followers to take the decisions

The use of this style of leadership will be allowing the leaders to understand the complexity
that is present in the team in terms of achieving the goals of the company. This is due to the
fact that situational leadership contains different set of leadership style which can be used to
analyze the team working. This form of leadership will allow the leader to interact with the
team members in accordance to the situation that is prevalent in the team, thus helping the
leader to get an idea of the uniqueness of the team members and the issues that are present in
the personality of the individual that will be affecting the company functions.  By using this
leadership theory there will be better understanding of the ways that can be sued in order to
resolve the issues that are present in the company especially in the team. 

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Organizational Behavior
Assignment 01
b)     Main barriers to effective performance within BBC
 There are various barriers that are being effective in the performance of the employees in the
BBC is the use of proper teamwork theory and the maintenance of the teamwork. It is
essential for any company to keep the issues that are related to the employees and their
relationship with the organization intact. But the use of improper management of managers of
the organization affects the performance of the BBC (Martin et al, 2017).There are various
other barriers like the culture of the environment of the company, the organizational culture,
improper communication in the company and improper feedback from the customers.

In the company BBC the different barriers that are prevalent due the existence of diversified
employees will be affecting the performances of the teams in the company. It is seen that the
barrier like the improper communication which is quite prevalent in the company BBC due to
diverse culture existence among the employees has been affecting the performance of the
teams. This has led to issues being occurring among the team members.

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Organizational Behavior
Assignment 01