02212020/CAPE/MS/2017

C A R I B B E A N E X A M I N A T I O N S C O U N C I L

CARIBBEAN ADVANCED PROFICIENCY EXAMINATION®

CHEMISTRY

UNIT 2 — PAPER 02

MARK SCHEME

MAY/JUNE 2017
 02212020/CAPE/MS/ 2017
- 2 –

CHEMISTRY
UNIT 02 — PAPER 02
MARK SCHEME
Question 1

S.O.: Module: 1 — 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 2.4, 2.15, 3.1

KC UK XS
Characteristics of a homologous series:

(a) • All members contain the same functional group. (1)

• Has an increasing number of carbon atoms (1)
• Members can be represented by a general formula. (1)
• Successive members differ by –CH2 group. (1)
• Members exhibit similar chemical properties. (1)
3
• Physical properties vary/increase with molecular
mass/increasing number of C atoms. (1) OR Melting
point, density, solubility, boiling point etc (at
least two physical properties) vary/increase with
molecular mass/increasing number of C atoms. (1)

(Any three) 3 x 1 — 3 marks

[3 marks]
(b) (i) C H O
Mole ratio 0.4/12 0.06/1 0.54/16
Ratio 0.033 0.06 0.033 1
0.033 0.033 0.033 (1)
ALL VALUES MUST BE CORRECT

E.F CH2O (1)

[2 marks] 1

(ii) RMM = 60 = (12 + 2 + 16)n

N = 2 (1)
1
M.F = (E.F) × 2 = C2H4O2 [1 mark]
CORRECT FORMULA ONLY STILL EARNS THE ONE MARK

(c) (i) Homologous series: CnH2n+1 COOH (1) 1

NOT ACCEPTING RCOOH, unless R has been defined as CnH2n+1
[1 mark]
(ii) Chlorosubstituted of A:

(1) 1
Must be structure as shown

Condensed structure accepted ClCH2COOH or CH2ClCOOH

[1 mark]

(d) pKa value for chlorosubstituted of A will be less than

that of C2H4O2 (1) due to the electron withdrawing (high
electronegativity) property of the chlorine atom /or 2
negative inductive effect of the chlorine atom/or the
stabilizing effect of the chlorine atom on the
carboxylate ion, resulting in the easier loss of the
 02212020/CAPE/MS/ 2017
- 3 –

CHEMISTRY
UNIT 02 — PAPER 02
MARK SCHEME
acidic proton (carboxylic hydrogen)(1)
[2 marks]

(e) (i) To each, add iodine (1) followed by sodium

hydroxide(1) OR add alkaline iodine mixture (2)
CH3CH(OH)CH3 will produce yellow crystals and
CH3CH2CH2OH will not(1). [3 marks]

Please note if students mention addition of KI and do not 3

mention iodine, the first mark is LOST.

If student writes only ‘iodoform test’ – award 1 mark,

and then 1 mark if observations are stated as
above.

(ii) Shake each with aqueous/liquid bromine (1) —

cyclohexene (accept structural formula) will
decolourise bromine, benzene will not. (1)
2
Shake each with KMnO4/H+ OR K2Cr2O7/H+ (1) – color
change (purple)to colorless OR orange to green (1)
[2 marks]

Total 15 marks 4 6 5
 02212020/CAPE/MS/ 2017
- 4 –

CHEMISTRY
UNIT 02 — PAPER 02
MARK SCHEME
Question 2

S.O.: Module 2: — 1.1, 1.3, 3.4, 9.5

KC UK XS
(a) Accuracy: the degree with which a measurement/measured
value (1) is close to the correct/true value. (1)
2
[2 marks]

Precision: the degree to which measurements/measured

values are (1) consistent (close to each other). (1) 2
[2 marks]

(b) Steam distillation (1) [1 mark] 1

(c) (i) Separatory funnel (H) (1), beaker (C) (1), funnel
(G) (1) [3 marks] 3

(ii) Buchner funnel (B), Buchner flask (E) sintered

glass crucible (F) 2
Any two – 2 x 1 mark [2 marks]

(d) (i) Ca2+(aq) + C2O42-(aq) CaC2O4(s)

(state symbols needed) (1) 1
Candidate loses the 1 mark if water of
crystallisation is added to product.

(ii) R.F.M. CaC2O4 = 128 (1) 1

No. of moles of Ca2C2O4 = No. of moles of

1
Ca2+ = 0.619/128 = 0.0048 (1)

Mass of Ca2+ = 0.0048 × 40 = 0.192 g (1) 1

2+ 1
%Ca = 0.192 × 100 = 38.71 (1)
0.496
(Accept values within the range of 38.71 - 40.32)
[5 marks]

Total 15 marks 5 5 5
 02212020/CAPE/MS/ 2017
- 5 –

CHEMISTRY
UNIT 02 — PAPER 02
MARK SCHEME
Question 3

S.O.: Module 3: — 8.5, 9.1, 9.3, 9.6

KC UK XS
(a) (i) It screens/prevent/blocks harmful ultraviolet
radiation from the Earth’s surface.
1
[1 mark]

(ii) O2(g) hf/hv/uv O◦ (g) + O◦(g)

Balanced equation and state symbols (1) + 1 2
mark for ‘hf/hv/uv’

(ii) O◦(g) + O2(g) + M(g) O3(g) + M 2

Balanced equation and state symbols(1) + 1
mark for inert body
NO state symbols with balanced equations FOR
BOTH equations earn 1 mark

(b) (i) Harmful presence of ozone:

• Negative effects on heart/blood vessels

• Increase risk of skin cancer/cataracts
• Formation of (photochemical) smog 2
• Caused respiratory ailments, asthma, etc.
• Photosynthesis is restricted (plant life is
affected)
Or any other appropriate effects.
Any 2 effects 2 x 1 [2 marks]

(ii) NO2(g) hf or heat from engine /hv/uv NO(g) + O◦(g)

Balanced equation and state symbols (1) + ‘hf
2
or heat from engine/hv/uv’ (1)

O◦(g) + O2(g) O3(g)Balance equation and

state symbols (1) 1

[3 marks]

(c) NO. Test Observation Inference

1 Mix sample with A pungent NO-3 present
NaOH(aq) and smelling gas is
Zn(s)or Al(s)(or evolved on
Devarda’s alloy) heating which
(1) and boil (1) turns moist [1 mark] 3
litmus paper
[2 marks] blue.
2 Add dilute A white Pb2+ present
hydrochloric acid precipitate is
and heat formed which
1
dissolves on [1 mark]
heating.
 02212020/CAPE/MS/ 2017
- 6 –

CHEMISTRY
UNIT 02 — PAPER 02
MARK SCHEME
3 Add alkaline A colourless
FeSO4(aq) and solution formed CN- present
boil . which produces a 1
blue ppt.
Add dilute HCl
[1 mark]
followed by
FeCl3(aq)
Total 15 marks 3 7 5
 02212020/CAPE/MS/ 2017
- 7 –

CHEMISTRY
UNIT 02 — PAPER 02
MARK SCHEME
Question 4

S.O.: Module: 1 — 1.8, 2.6, 2.9

KC UK XS
(a) Primary alcohol: - OH group is attached to a carbon atom
that is attached to only - one other
carbon atom/only one alkyl group. (1)

(1) 2
Accept condensed formula CH3CH2OH

Secondary alcohol: - OH group is attached to a carbon atom

that is attached to - two other
carbon
atoms/ two other alkyl groups. (1)

(1) 2
Accept condensed formula CH3CH(OH)CH3

Tertiary alcohol: - OH group is attached to a carbon atom

that is attached to three carbon
atoms/three alkyl groups. (1)

DO NOT ACCEPT ‘R-group”.

(1) 2

Accept condensed formula (CH3)3COH

[6 marks]
OR any appropriate examples

(b) (i) Dehydration, (1)

Structural formula
of D: (1) 1 1

Accept condensed formula

 02212020/CAPE/MS/ 2017
- 8 –

CHEMISTRY
UNIT 02 — PAPER 02
MARK SCHEME
(ii) E is a ketone formed from the oxidation of a
secondary alcohol. (1) 1
F is an aldehyde formed from the oxidation of a 1
primary alcohol. (1) [2 marks]

Question 4 cont’d

KC UK XS
(c) (i)

2
E (1) F (1)
Accept condensed formula [2 marks]

(ii)

A — Secondary alcohol

Accept condensed formula

B — Primary alcohol

Accept condensed formula

[2 marks]

(d) The secondary alcohol will rotate plane polarized light (1)
1
while the other will not. [1 mark]

Total 15 marks 7 8
 02212020/CAPE/MS/ 2017
- 9 –

CHEMISTRY
UNIT 02 — PAPER 02
MARK SCHEME

Question 5

S.O.: Module 2: — 2.2, 2.3, 2.5

KC UK XS
(a) (i) Characteristics of primary standard:
• Availability in state of high purity (1)
• Stable in air at standard temperature/room
temperature (1)
3
• Readily soluble in water (1)
• Possess a large relative formula mass (1)
• Absence of water of crystallization (1)
(Any three — 3 x 1 mark)
[3 marks]

(ii) Sodium hydroxide is not a primary standard. (1)

it deliquesces in air. (1) OR absorbs and dissolves in
water from the atmosphere. (1) OR dissolves in water 2
from the atmosphere.(1) [2 marks]

(b) Along AB temperature, rises steadily(1) as H+(aq) ions

react with HCO-3 ions(1). At B, maximum temperature is
reached as H+(aq) ions react with all available HCO-3 ions 4
(1)OR maximum temperature is reached as neutralization
occurs or the reaction is completed(1)
Along BC, temperature decreases as excess H+(aq) ions are
added. (1) [4 marks]

(c) (i) No. of moles of HCO3- ions = 25 × 0.25 × 10-3 or 6.25

x 10-3 or 0.00625(1) 1
[1 mark]
(1)
1
(ii) No. of moles of acid reacted = × 25 × 0.25 × 10-3
2
or .003125 or 3.125 x 10-3(1)
[2 marks]. Assign two marks for correct answer even 2
if the first step is not shown]

(iii) Conc. of acid = or 3.125/20 = 0.16 (or 0.156) (1)

mol dm-3 [1 mark] 1

(d) Conductrimetric titration (1) OR potentiometric titration

1
(1)

Electrolytic conductivity (1) OR e.m.f measurements (1) 1

 02212020/CAPE/MS/ 2017
- 10 –

CHEMISTRY
UNIT 02 — PAPER 02
MARK SCHEME
[2 marks]

Total 15 marks 7 8
 02212020/CAPE/MS/ 2017
- 11 –

CHEMISTRY
UNIT 02 — PAPER 02
MARK SCHEME
Question 6
S.O.: Module 3: 3.1, 3.2, 4.1, 4.3

KC UK XS
(a) (i) Cracking — the decomposition of large hydrocarbon
molecules/molecules with large number of carbon
atoms (1) into molecules of smaller compounds/
molecules with smaller numbers of carbon atoms(1)
[2 marks] 2
OR
Cracking- the decomposition of large alkane
molecules(1) into smaller alkane molecules and
alkenes.(1)

(ii) Reforming — the conversion of straight chained or

unbranched alkanes(1) into branched chained and
aromatic hydrocarbons. (1)
[2 marks] 2
OR
Reforming-the conversion of alkanes to
cycloalkanes(1) and cycloalkanes to arenes(1).

(b) N2(g) + 3H2(g) ⇋ 2NH3(g)(1)[equation must be balanced

with state symbols and reversible arrows for mark to be 2
awarded ; ∆H = -ve (1)/exothermic

High pressure favours reduction of the number of

molecules, the forward reaction (production of 1
ammonia). (1)

Forward reaction is exothermic, low temperature favours

1
forward reaction. (1) [4 marks]

(c) Actual conditions:

At low temperatures, (1) rate of achieving equilibrium
2
or the rate of production of ammonia is slow. (1)
Compromise (optimum) temperature is used, 450-500 °C
1
(1)
1
Catalyst used to increase rate, iron catalyst (1)
1
Pressures between 200 – 1000 atm. (1)
[5 marks]

(d) Ammonia based fertilizers are leached into

groundwater(1) which leads to overgrowth of algae
2
(algal bloom) leading to eutrophication. (1)
[2 marks]

Total 15 marks 6 9
 02212020/CAPE/MS/ 2017
- 12 –

CHEMISTRY
UNIT 02 — PAPER 02
MARK SCHEME