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    A. Directions: Choose The Letter of The Correct Answer. Write Your Answers On A Separate

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    JoelmarMondonedo
    The document discusses the scientific method of investigation. It describes how the scientific method was first documented by Sir Francis Bacon in the 1600s to provide an objective, standardized approach for conducting experiments and limiting bias. The scientific method involves making observations, formulating hypotheses, designing experiments to test hypotheses, analyzing results, and repeating the process if needed to arrive at conclusions. The document then provides an overview of the basic steps in the scientific method.

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    A. Directions: Choose The Letter of The Correct Answer. Write Your Answers On A Separate

    Uploaded by

    JoelmarMondonedo
    881 views4 pages
    The document discusses the scientific method of investigation. It describes how the scientific method was first documented by Sir Francis Bacon in the 1600s to provide an objective, standardized approach for conducting experiments and limiting bias. The scientific method involves making observations, formulating hypotheses, designing experiments to test hypotheses, analyzing results, and repeating the process if needed to arrive at conclusions. The document then provides an overview of the basic steps in the scientific method.

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    For Basic researches about Scientific Methods

    Original Title

    Scientific Methods

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    The document discusses the scientific method of investigation. It describes how the scientific method was first documented by Sir Francis Bacon in the 1600s to provide an objective, standardized approach for conducting experiments and limiting bias. The scientific method involves making observations, formulating hypotheses, designing experiments to test hypotheses, analyzing results, and repeating the process if needed to arrive at conclusions. The document then provides an overview of the basic steps in the scientific method.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    881 views4 pages

    A. Directions: Choose The Letter of The Correct Answer. Write Your Answers On A Separate

    Uploaded by

    JoelmarMondonedo
    The document discusses the scientific method of investigation. It describes how the scientific method was first documented by Sir Francis Bacon in the 1600s to provide an objective, standardized approach for conducting experiments and limiting bias. The scientific method involves making observations, formulating hypotheses, designing experiments to test hypotheses, analyzing results, and repeating the process if needed to arrive at conclusions. The document then provides an overview of the basic steps in the scientific method.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 4
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    The key takeaways are that the scientific method is a systematic process used to conduct experiments and investigations to acquire knowledge and solve problems in a logical and objective manner by minimizing bias.

    The scientific method is a method of investigation that uses observation, hypothesis, experimentation and conclusion to systematically solve problems. Its main steps are making observations, asking questions, formulating hypotheses, conducting experiments, analyzing data and drawing conclusions.

    Some examples include the student conducting the experiment on the ability of vertebrate blood to carry oxygen at different temperatures, using controls and variables to test the hypothesis. Another is the pre-test questions that demonstrate applying the scientific method to everyday problems.

    SCIENTIFIC METHODS OF INVESTIGATION

    Our modern world evolves from the simple to the most advance
    environment. From clay tablets developed by Sumerians to the high tech
    laser printers used in printing bulky books in the National bookstores.
    This possibly happens not because Gods made them so but because
    humans are rational beings. This also means that we are designed to
    Sumerian tablet depicting Enki in
    think and find solutions to the problems we encountered. the creation myth. (  world-myth.com)

    In studying the living world, we posed questions about it and


    seek science- based responses. This process is known as Scientific Method of Investigation. Scientific
    Methods of Investigation was used even the ancient times but England’s Sir Francis Bacon (1561–1626)
    first documented it. He set up inductive methods for scientific inquiry. Scientific Method of
    Investigation is not only used by the scientists, but every people who want to apply it as a logical,
    rational problem-solving method.

    In this Unit, you will describe the components of a scientific investigation. With this, you can
    demonstrate scientific ways of acquiring knowledge and solving problems. You can also be able to
    perform in groups on guided investigation involving community –based problems using locally
    available materials.

    PRE-TEST

    A. Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answers on a separate
    sheet.
    1. How is a hypothesis tested?
    a. by using the hypothesis to make predictions about a system.
    b. by comparing observations in nature with predictions
    c. by conducting an experiment and looking for results
    d. All of the above
    2. Which of the following statements would be true of the scientific method?
    a. People structure their lives on the principle of scientific method.
    b. The scientific method is a continuous process by which people learn about his world.
    c. Scientists report the experimental results, but not the experimental design.
    d. When the results of the experiment do not fit the hypothesis, a scientist may discard
    the results and stop the experiment.
    3. Suppose your mother sent you to the market to buy fruits and vegetables. How would you
    choose good quality fruits and vegetables?
    a. Ask the vendor to choose it for you.
    b. Examine the fruit if it is free from insect bites and the smell of insecticide.
    c. Just get any kind and pay right away.
    d. Tell your mother that you do not know how to buy good quality fruits and vegetables.
    4. When scientists wish to communicate the results of their research, they are most likely to
    do which of the following?
    a. immediately repeat the research
    b. call a press conference
    c. write a concise report with complete results and proofs to the experiments performed
    and formulate conclusions
    d. sell their findings to other researchers
    5. During an experiment about a coin and feather that were dropped at the same time, it
    was found that the coin reached the ground first. One student said: “Maybe, the coin is
    heavier than the feather.” What do you call this kind of statement?
    a. a problem b. a hypothesis c. an interpretation d. a conclusion

    B. Identification. For Numbers 6 – 10, identify what science processes are revealed in the
    following statements: Write your answer on the space provided after the number.

    communicating experimenting hypothesizing

    identifying the problem generalization interpretation

    inferring observation

    6. A girl is standing in an open field. There is no shadow formed because it is 12 noon.


    7. Blue litmus paper turned red when it was dipped into an unknown liquid.
    8. The liquid in the test tube is an acid.
    9. The laptop computer is not functioning anymore. Maybe the battery got discharged.
    10. A nail turned rusty. What made it that way?

    C. Directions: Read the following story, and then follow the directions below. A science
    student conducted a study of the ability of vertebrate blood to carry oxygen. He believed that
    a low environmental temperature would cause the organism's blood to carry less oxygen than
    blood at a higher temperature. The following reflects the student’s experiment and the data he
    collected.
     Two tanks of salt water, each containing 25 gallons, were set up in the lab.
     Each tank was filled with the same types of organisms (Tilapia and Carp).
     The same type of aerators was added to each tank to supply dissolved oxygen to the
    fish.
     To one of the tanks, marked TANK A, the temperature was decreased at increments of
    5 degrees C every 20 minutes.
     The second tank, marked TANK B, the temperature was raised at increments of 5
    degrees C every 20 minutes.
     Blood was removed from each of the fish and measured for its oxygen content.
    Below are the results from the above experiment
    1. What is the hypothesis of the above experiment?
    ___________________________________________________________________
    ___________________________________________________________________

    2. Is the above experiment a controlled experiment? Explain your answer.


    ___________________________________________________________________
    ___________________________________________________________________
    3. What is the variable factor in the above experiment?
    __________________________________________________________________
    ___________________________________________________________________

    4. Graph the data above and then answer the questions that follow.

    5. What is the dependent variable?


    ____________________________________
    6. What is the independent variable?
    ____________________________________
    7. Based on the above data, is the scientist’s hypothesis correct? Explain.
    ___________________________________________________________________
    ___________________________________________________________________
    8. What are the controls used in the above experiment?
    ___________________________________________________________________
    ___________________________________________________________________
    In this phase, varied learning experiences shall be introduced to help you understand
    scientific methods and equip you with skills and knowledge for you to be successful
    throughout the topic. This involves acquiring scientific knowledge using scientific methods and
    processes. This also involves understanding or making meanings out of the scientific
    knowledge obtained.

    Scientific Method: An Overview


    The scientific method attempts to minimize the influence of bias or prejudgment in the
    experimenter. It results from personal beliefs, as well as cultural beliefs, which means any
    human filters information based on his or her own experience. Unfortunately, this filtering
    process can cause a scientist to prefer one outcome over another. For someone trying to
    solve a problem around the house, succumbing to these kinds of biases is not such a big
    deal. But in the scientific community, where results have to be reviewed and duplicated, bias
    must be avoided at all costs. That's the job of the scientific method. It provides an objective,
    standardized approach to conducting experiments and, in doing so, improves their results. By
    using a standardized approach in their investigations, scientists can feel confident that they
    will stick to the facts and limit the influence of personal, preconceived notions. The illustration
    below shows the cyclic presentation of basic procedures of scientific method. As you go on
    further with the lesson, you will be able to understand each step clearly as you do the given
    activities in each lesson.

    The scientific method requires observations of nature to formulate and test hypotheses
    through experimentation. The record data from the experiment will determine the correctness
    of your hypothesis. Further observation and experimentation are needed if the hypothesis is
    incorrect.

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