Basic Principle of Osmolarity Between Intra Capillary and Interstitial Space (2021)
Basic Principle of Osmolarity Between Intra Capillary and Interstitial Space (2021)
Basic Principle of Osmolarity Between Intra Capillary and Interstitial Space (2021)
Department of Biochemistry,
Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing
Universitas Gadjah Mada
Outlines
I. INTRODUCTION
II. DEFINITION
III.VOLUMES OF BODY FLUID
COMPARTMENT
IV.DYNAMIC EQUILIBRUM
(HOMEOSTASIS)
V. KIDNEYS PLAYS IN HUMAN
OSMOREGULATION BY ADH
VI.CLINICAL EXAMPLES
I. INTRODUCTION
5 mOsmole glucose =
5 x 180 mg/L = 900 mg/L = 90mg%
III. VOLUMES OF BODY FLUID
COMPARTMENT
fluid continually exchanged between compartments
water moves by osmosis. if imbalance arises, osmosis restores
balance within seconds so the intracellular and extracellular
osmolarity are equal
Electrolytes play the principal role in governing the body’s water
distribution and total water content
COMPOSITION OF ICF & ECF
Starling forces
Movement of Solute
A total of 8 species (GLC, LAC, PYR, ALA, FFA, GLR, CO2 and O2) undergo blood-tissue cells
exchange; 10 species (PYR, FAC, CoA, NADH, NAD+, ATP, ADP, Pi, CO2 and O2) exist in both
the cytosolic and mitochondrial domains with a negligible transport flux (Jcyt«mit,j 0).
V. KIDNEYS PLAYS IN HUMAN
OSMOREGULATION
Higher osmolality than normal levels may be due to:
= Dehydration
= Diabetes insipidus
= Hyperglycemia
= Hypernatremia
= Methanol poisoning
= Stroke/head trauma deficient ADH secretion
= Uremia
ANH-induced action in medullary collecting duct cells. Urinary ANH binds to its receptor NPR-A and thereby induces the
conversion of GTP to cGMP. cGMP inhibits apically sodium entry through the cyclic nucleotide-gated channels (CNG), the
heteromeric channel of transient receptor potential V4 (TRPV4) and -P2 (TRPP2), and basolaterally through the Na-K-
ATPase (NKA) and thereby promoting natriuresis.
VI. CLINICAL EXAMPLES
Autopsy:
Hypertonic sea shrunken lung cells
Hypotonic fresh water swollen lung cells
2. Stroke:
- Accumulation of interstitial fluid in the brain
- BBB impermeable to most substance
- Excess fluid in brain tissue can be removed by
imposing an osmotic gradients (Mannitol)
Two solutions:
- 300 mOsm/L of urea
- 300 mOsm/L of sucrose