Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 48 views

    1st Industrial Revolution

    Uploaded by

    Ommurugadhasan Dharmalingam
    The document discusses the evolution of industry through four stages: 1) Industry 1.0 in the late 18th century introduced mechanization through water and steam power. This began the shift to mass production. 2) Industry 2.0 in the early 20th century brought electrical power and assembly lines, further advancing mass production. 3) Industry 3.0 from the late 20th century saw the rise of electronics and automation through programmable logic controllers. Software systems also developed to manage operations. 4) Industry 4.0 is the current stage, characterized by cyber-physical systems and the Internet of Things to create smart, connected industry through data sharing and analysis. This blurs the physical and

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    1st Industrial Revolution

    Uploaded by

    Ommurugadhasan Dharmalingam
    48 views4 pages
    The document discusses the evolution of industry through four stages: 1) Industry 1.0 in the late 18th century introduced mechanization through water and steam power. This began the shift to mass production. 2) Industry 2.0 in the early 20th century brought electrical power and assembly lines, further advancing mass production. 3) Industry 3.0 from the late 20th century saw the rise of electronics and automation through programmable logic controllers. Software systems also developed to manage operations. 4) Industry 4.0 is the current stage, characterized by cyber-physical systems and the Internet of Things to create smart, connected industry through data sharing and analysis. This blurs the physical and

    Original Description:

    ff

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    The document discusses the evolution of industry through four stages: 1) Industry 1.0 in the late 18th century introduced mechanization through water and steam power. This began the shift to mass production. 2) Industry 2.0 in the early 20th century brought electrical power and assembly lines, further advancing mass production. 3) Industry 3.0 from the late 20th century saw the rise of electronics and automation through programmable logic controllers. Software systems also developed to manage operations. 4) Industry 4.0 is the current stage, characterized by cyber-physical systems and the Internet of Things to create smart, connected industry through data sharing and analysis. This blurs the physical and

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    48 views4 pages

    1st Industrial Revolution

    Uploaded by

    Ommurugadhasan Dharmalingam
    The document discusses the evolution of industry through four stages: 1) Industry 1.0 in the late 18th century introduced mechanization through water and steam power. This began the shift to mass production. 2) Industry 2.0 in the early 20th century brought electrical power and assembly lines, further advancing mass production. 3) Industry 3.0 from the late 20th century saw the rise of electronics and automation through programmable logic controllers. Software systems also developed to manage operations. 4) Industry 4.0 is the current stage, characterized by cyber-physical systems and the Internet of Things to create smart, connected industry through data sharing and analysis. This blurs the physical and

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    of 4

    1st Industrial Revolution

    The First Industrial Revolution began in the 18th century through the use of steam


    power and mechanisation of production. What before produced threads on simple spinning wheels, the
    mechanised version achieved eight times the volume in the same time. Steam power was already known.
    The use of it for industrial purposes was the greatest breakthrough for increasing human productivity.
    Instead of weaving looms powered by muscle, steam-engines could be used for power. Developments such
    as the steamship or (some 100 years later) the steam-powered locomotive brought about further massive
    changes because humans and goods could move great distances in fewer hours.
     

    2nd Industrial Revolution


    The Second Industrial Revolution began in the 19th century through the discovery
    of electricity and assembly line production. Henry Ford (1863-1947) took the idea of mass
    production from a slaughterhouse in Chicago: The pigs hung from conveyor belts and each butcher performed
    only a part of the task of butchering the animal. Henry Ford carried over these principles into automobile
    production and drastically altered it in the process. While before one station assembled an entire automobile,
    now the vehicles were produced in partial steps on the conveyor belt - significantly faster and at lower cost.
     

    3rd Industrial Revolution


    The Third Industrial Revolution began in the ’70s in the 20th century through partial
    automation using memory-programmable controls and computers. Since the introduction of these
    technologies, we are now able to automate an entire production process - without human assistance. Known
    examples of this are robots that perform programmed sequences without human intervention.
     

    4th Industrial Revolution


    We are currently implementing the Fourth Industrial Revolution. This is characterised by the application
    of information and communication technologies to industry and is also known as "Industry 4.0". It builds
    on the developments of the Third Industrial Revolution. Production systems that already have computer
    technology are expanded by a network connection and have a digital twin on the Internet so to speak.
    These allow communication with other facilities and the output of information about themselves. This is the next
    step in production automation. The networking of all systems leads to "cyber-physical production
    systems" and therefore smart factories, in which production
    systems, components and people communicate via a network and production is nearly autonomous.
    When these enablers come together, Industry 4.0 has the potential to deliver some incredible advances in
    factory environments. Examples include machines which can predict failures and trigger maintenance
    processes autonomously or self-organized logistics which react to unexpected changes in production.
    And it has the power to change the way that people work. Industry 4.0 can pull individuals into smarter
    networks, with the potential of more efficient working. The digitalization of the manufacturing
    environment allows for more flexible methods of getting the right information to the right person at the right
    time. The increasing use of digital devices inside factories and out in the field means maintenance
    professionals can be provided with equipment documentation and service history in a timelier manner, and
    at the point of use. Maintenance professionals want to be solving problems, not wasting time trying to source
    the technical information that they need.
    In short, Industry 4.0 is a game-changer, across industrial settings. The digitalization of manufacturing will
    change the way that goods are made and distributed, and how products are serviced and refined. On that
    basis, it can truly lay claim to represent the beginning of the fourth industrial revolution.
    The Evolution of the Industrial Ages: Industry 1.0
    to 4.0

    The modern industry has seen great advances since its earliest iteration at the beginning of the industrial

    revolution in the 18th century. For centuries, most of the goods including weapons, tools, food, clothing and

    housing, were manufactured by hand or by using work animals. This changed in the end of the 18th century

    with the introduction of manufacturing processes. The progress from Industry 1.0 was then rapid uphill climb

    leading up to to the upcoming industrial era – Industry 4.0. Here we discuss the overview of this evolution.

    Industry 1.0 The late 18th century introduced mechanical production facilities to the world. Water and steam

    powered machines were developed to help workers in the mass production of goods. The first weaving loom

    was introduced in 1784. With the increase in production efficiency and scale, small businesses grew from

    serving a limited number of customers to large organizations with owners, manager and employees serving a

    larger number. Industry 1.0 can also be deemed as the beginning of the industry culture which focused equally

    on quality, efficiency and scale.

    Industry 2.0 The beginning of 20th century marked the start of the second industrial revolution – Industry 2.0.

    The main contributor to this revolution was the development of machines running on electrical energy.

    Electrical energy was already being used as a primary source of power. Electrical ma- chines were more

    efficient to operate and maintain, both in terms of cost and effort unlike the water and steam based machines

    which were comparatively inefficient and resource hungry. The first assembly line was also built during this era,

    further streamlining the process of mass production. Mass production of goods using assembly line became a

    standard practice.

    This era also saw the evolution of the industry culture introduced in Industry 1.0 into management program to

    enhance the efficiency of manufacturing facilities. Various production management techniques such as division

    of labor, just-in-time manufacturing and lean manufacturing principles refined the underlying processes leading

    to improved quality and output. American mechanical engineer Fredrick Taylor introduced the study of

    approached to optimize worker, workplace techniques and optimal allocation of resources.


    Industry 3.0 The next industrial revolution resulting in Industry 3.0 was brought about and spurred by the

    advances in the electronics industry in the last few decades of the 20th century. The invention and

    manufacturing of a variety electronic devices including transistor and integrated circuits auto- mated the

    machines substantially which resulted in reduced effort ,increased speed, greater accuracy and even complete

    replacement of the human agent in some cases. Programmable Logic Controller (PLC), which was first built in

    1960s was one of the landmark invention that signified automation using electronics. The integration of

    electronics hardware into the manufacturing systems also created a requirement of software systems to enable

    these electronic devices, consequentially fueling the software development market as well. Apart from

    controlling the hardware, the software systems also enabled many management processes such as enterprise

    resource planning, inventory management, shipping logistics, product flow scheduling and tracking throughout

    the factory. The entire industry was further automated using electronics and IT. The automation processes and

    software systems have continuously evolved with the advances in the electronics and IT industry since then.

    The pressure to further reduce costs forced many manufacturers to move to low-cost countries. The dispersion

    of geographical location of manufacturing led to the formation of the concept of Supply Chain Management.

    Industry 4.0 The boom in the Internet and telecommunication industry in the 1990’s revolutionized the way we

    connected and exchanged information. It also resulted in paradigm changes in the manufacturing industry and

    traditional production operations merging the boundaries of the physical and the virtual world. Cyber Physical

    Systems (CPSs) have further blurred this boundary resulting in numerous rapid technological disruptions in the

    industry. CPSs allow the machines to communicate more intelligently with each other with almost no physical

    or geographical barriers.

    The Industry 4.0 using Cyber Physical Systems to share, analyze and guide intelligent actions for various

    processes in the industry to make the machines smarter. These smart machines can continuously

    monitor,detect and predict faults to suggest preventive measures and remedial action. This allows better

    preparedness and lower downtime for industries. The same dynamic approach can be translated to other

    aspects in the industry such as logistics, production scheduling, optimization of throughput times, quality

    control, capacity utilization and efficiency boosting. CPPs also allow an industry to be completely virtually

    visualized, monitored and managed from a remote location and thus adding a new dimension to the
    manufacturing process. It puts machines,people, processes and infrastructure into a single networked loop

    making the overall management highly efficient.

    As the technology-cost curve becomes steeper everyday, more and more rapid technology disruptions will

    emerge at even lower costs and revolutionize the industrial ecosystem. Industry 4.0 is still at a nascent stage

    and the industries are still in the transition state of adoption of the new systems.Industries must adopt the new

    systems as fast as possible to stay relevant and profitable. Industry 4.0 is here and it is here to stay, at least for

    the next decade.

    You might also like