Exampro GCSE Chemistry: C3 Chapter 1 Higher
Exampro GCSE Chemistry: C3 Chapter 1 Higher
Exampro GCSE Chemistry: C3 Chapter 1 Higher
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Time: 72
Marks: 72
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Page 1 of 25
Q1. In 1869, Dmitri Mendeleev produced his periodic table of the elements.
(a) What evidence did Mendeleev use to decide that the alkali metals should be in the same
group?
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(1)
(b) Describe how the elements in the modern periodic table are arranged:
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(c) State two properties of transition elements that make them more useful than alkali metals
for making water pipes.
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(2)
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(d) Describe and explain the trend in reactivity of the alkali metals (Group 1).
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(4)
(Total 9 marks)
(i) Use the correct answer from the box to complete the sentence.
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(1)
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(b) Chlorine reacts with metals to produce metal chlorides.
(i) When a chlorine atom forms a chloride ion it gains one electron.
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(ii) Write a word equation for the reaction between sodium and chlorine.
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(d) Water companies add fluoride to tap water in some parts of the UK.
Suggest one reason why some people are against adding fluoride to tap water.
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(Total 6 marks)
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(1)
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(b) Potassium is also in Group 1 of the periodic table.
Potassium reacts with water in a similar way to lithium.
Write down two differences you would see between the reactions of potassium and lithium
with water.
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(2)
(Total 4 marks)
Q4. Platinum and gold are transition elements. They can both be used to make wedding rings.
By Jeff Belmonte from Cuiabá, Brazil (Flickr) [CC-BY-2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(a) Platinum and gold are good materials for making wedding rings.
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(2)
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(b) Explain, in terms of electronic structure, why transition elements have similar chemical
properties.
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(2)
(Total 4 marks)
Page 6 of 25
Q5. Use the periodic table on the Data Sheet and the information below to help you answer these
questions.
Mendeleev was one of the first chemists who classified elements in a systematic way
based on atomic weight. He suggested his version of the periodic table in 1869.
He put the elements in order of their atomic weights but reversed the order for some
pairs of elements. Then he arranged them in a table so that chemically similar
elements were in columns known as Groups. He also left gaps and made predictions.
Li Be B C N O F
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl
K Ca # Ti V Cr Mn
Cu Zn # # As Se Br
Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo #
Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I
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3
(a) Which group of elements in the modern periodic table is missing from Mendeleev’s table?
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(1)
(b) Mendeleev reversed the order for some pairs of elements. For example, he put tellurium
(Te, atomic weight 128) before iodine (I, atomic weight 127), as shown in his table.
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(c) In 1869 many chemists did not agree with Mendeleev’s periodic table.
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(3)
(d) In the 20th century, the arrangement of elements in the periodic table was explained in
terms of atomic structure.
Describe the links between atomic structure and the periodic table.
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(2)
(Total 7 marks)
Page 8 of 25
Q6. Lithium is a very reactive metal.
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(1)
(ii) Which chemical property of lithium will be shown by the universal indicator?
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(1)
This means that an atom of lithium has .................... protons .................... electrons
Q7. (a) Dmitri Mendeleev was one of the first chemists to classify the elements by arranging
them in order of their atomic weights. His periodic table was published in 1869.
How did Mendeleev know that there must be undiscovered elements and how did he take
this into account when he designed his periodic table?
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(b) By the early 20th century protons and electrons had been discovered.
Describe how knowledge of the numbers of protons and electrons in atoms allow
chemists to place elements in their correct order and correct group.
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(c) The transition elements are a block of elements between Groups 2 and 3 of the periodic
table.
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(2)
(ii) There are no transition elements between the Group 2 element magnesium and the
Group 3 element aluminium.
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(Total 8 marks)
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(b) Sea water contains bromide ions (Br-).
The bromide ions can be changed to bromine by bubbling chlorine gas into sea water.
Chlorine is able to displace bromine from sea water because chlorine is more reactive
than bromine.
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(3)
(Total 4 marks)
A factory worker put out the blaze before the fire services
arrived, and a leading fire fighter said, “It was fortunate that
potassium wasn’t involved as it would have reacted more
violently and exploded. These Group 1 alkali metals can be
very dangerous”.
Suggest why.
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(1)
(b) Balance the equation which represents the reaction between sodium and water.
Na + H2O → NaOH + H 2
(1)
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(c) Explain why the Group 1 metals are called the alkali metals.
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(d) Explain, in terms of electrons, why potassium reacts more violently than sodium.
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(3)
(Total 6 marks)
Q10. Read the information about the development of the periodic table and answer the questions
that follow:
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The modern periodic table on the Data Sheet may help you to answer these questions.
(a) Döbereiner suggested that calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr) and barium (Ba) were also a triad.
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(c) Lithium, sodium and potassium are in Group 1. All these elements react with water.
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(i) elements in the same group of the periodic table have similar chemical properties
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(ii) transition elements have similar properties even though they are not in the same
group
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(iii) in Group 1, lithium is less reactive than potassium.
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(2)
(Total 9 marks)
Q11. In 1999 scientists at the University of Berkeley claimed to have discovered the element
Ununhexium.
The electron arrangement of this element is thought to be as shown in the diagram below.
(a) Which group of the periodic table should this element be placed in?
Group .............................
(1)
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(1)
(Total 2 marks)
Q12. Neodymium (Nd) is a member of the group of elements known as the lanthanides. It is a
silvery, white metal. It has a number of uses including making special alloys.
In the reactivity series of metals neodymium is above magnesium but below calcium. Predict
how neodymium might react with each of the substances in (a) to (c).
If you think a reaction will take place you should suggest how vigorous it might be and name
the products that might be produced.
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(a) How might neodymium react with water?
Reaction .....................................................................................................................
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Products .....................................................................................................................
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Reaction .....................................................................................................................
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(Total 8 marks)
Page 15 of 25
M1. (a) similar properties
allow same properties
allow correct example of property
ignore answers in terms of atomic structure
1
(ii) elements in same group have same number (of electrons) in outer shell or
highest energy level
allow number (of electrons) increases across a period
1
(ii) Increases
1
(b) (i) –1
allow Cl –
allow –
allow negative
1
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(ii) sodium + chlorine → sodium chloride
allow correct symbol equation
1
• no freedom of choice
allow unethical
• fluoride in toothpaste
(ii) hydroxide
accept OH–
allow OH
do not accept lithium hydroxide
1
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(b) any two from:
‘it’ = potassium
potassium:
accept converse for lithium
• melts
allow forms a sphere
• malleable
ignore hard / strong
(b) (transition elements have) same number / two electrons in outer shell /
energy level / fourth shell
ignore references to (metallic) structure / bonding
1
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any one from:
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(d) any two from:
ignore mass number / atomic weight / neutrons throughout
3 or three (electrons)
1
4 or four (neutrons)
1
[5]
M7. (a) if placed consecutively, then elements would be in wrong group / have wrong properties
allow some elements didn’t fit pattern
1
left gaps
1
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any one from:
(c) (i) (transition elements usually) have same / similar number of outer / 4th shell
electrons
allow 2 electrons in outer shell
1
(ii) 2nd shell / energy level can (only) have maximum of 8 electrons
accept no d-orbitals
or
2nd shell / energy level cannot have 18 electrons
1
[8]
M8. (a) all have seven electrons in their outer shell / energy level
1
or
chlorine atom has fewer shells than bromine atom
1
or
outer shell of chlorine is less shielded from the nucleus than bromine
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M9. (a) acts as barrier between sodium and air / oxygen / water (vapour)
accept because they are reactive
ignore oil will not react
1
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(b) 2Na + 2H2O → 2NaOH + H2
allow multiples / fractions
1
or
(d) it = potassium
outer electron must be mentioned once for all 3 marks
bigger atom
or
outer shell electron further from nucleus
or
more shells
or
converse argument for sodium less reactive provided sodium is
specified
1
(b) eg newly discovered elements / atoms didn’t fit (into triads) or didn’t
apply to all elements / atoms or lot of exceptions
he = Döbereiner
ignore Mendeleev left spaces or not enough evidence
1
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(c) any two from:
• floats / on surface
ignore sinks
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(iii)
it = lithium
accept energy level for shell or converse reasoning for potassium
M11. (a) 6 or 16
or transition metal or F block
element or actinide
1
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