Program of "Physics": Lecturer: Dr. DO Xuan Hoi Room A1. 503 E-Mail
Program of "Physics": Lecturer: Dr. DO Xuan Hoi Room A1. 503 E-Mail
Program of "Physics": Lecturer: Dr. DO Xuan Hoi Room A1. 503 E-Mail
kg.m/s
Linear momentum : Vector quantity, the direction of
the momentum is the same as the velocity’s
Applies to three-dimensional motion as well
p x mv x ; py mv y ; pz mv z
Impulse : I p dp t F t
i
Test
Suppose a ping-pong ball and a bowling ball are rolling
toward you. Both have the same momentum, and you
exert the same force to stop each. How do the time intervals
to stop them compare?
(b) F p
t
2.50 kg m s
5.00 10 3
N
0.5 10 s
3
Conservation of momentum for a
two-particle system
Consider two particles 1 and 2 interacting with each
other :
d (p1 ) d (p2 )
F21 ; F12
dt dt
Newton’s third law : F21 F12 ;
d ( p1 ) d (p2 )
dt dt
d ( p1 p 2 )
0 ; p1 p2 const
dt
In general, for an isolated system : i pi const
SOLUTION
b. Types of Collisions
Inelastic collisions
Kinetic energy is not conserved : KE i KE f lost energy
Some of the kinetic energy is converted into other types of
energy such as heat, sound, work to permanently deform
an object
Perfectly inelastic collisions occur when the objects
stick together
Not all of the KE is necessarily lost
Perfectly Inelastic Collisions:
► When two objects stick together after
the collision, they have undergone a
perfectly inelastic collision
► Suppose, for example, v2i = 0.
Conservation of momentum becomes
m1v 1i m2v 2i (m1 m2 )v f
m1v 1i 0 (m1 m2 )v f
2 2 2 2
Solve the equations simultaneously
EXAMPLE 2
A block of mass m1 = 1.60 kg initially moving to the right with
a speed of 4.00 m/s on a frictionless horizontal track collides
with a spring attached to a second block of mass m2 = 2.10 kg
initially moving to the left with a speed of 2.50 m/s. The spring
constant is 600 N/m.
(a) At the instant block 1 is moving to the right with a speed of
3.00 m/s, determine the velocity of block 2.
EXAMPLE 2
A block of mass m1 = 1.60 kg initially moving to the right with
a speed of 4.00 m/s on a frictionless horizontal track collides
with a spring attached to a second block of mass m2 = 2.10 kg
initially moving to the left with a speed of 2.50 m/s. The spring
constant is 600 N/m.
(b) Determine the distance the spring is compressed at that
instant.
SOLUTION
Conservation of energy :
m1 m2 (1)
Conservation of momentum :
(3)
(1) and (3) :
PROBLEM 4
y1
x1 x2
The coordinates of the center of mass of n particles
The coordinates of the center of mass of n particles
y2
CM
y1
x1 x2
EXAMPLE 3
A system consists of three particles located as shown in
the figure. Find the center of mass of the system.
The center of mass of a symmetric system
CM CM
CM
CM
?
The center of mass of any symmetric object lies on an
axis of symmetry and on any plane of symmetry.
The center of mass of a rigid body
SOLUTION
PROBLEM 6
A uniform piece of sheet steel is shaped as shown in the
figure. Compute the x and y coordinates of the center of mass
of the piece
SOLUTION
5 Motion of a System of Particles
The velocity of the center of mass of the system :