Assignment 2: List of Acoustical Defects
Assignment 2: List of Acoustical Defects
Assignment 2: List of Acoustical Defects
Reverberation
1. Reverberation is the persistence of sound in the enclosed space , after the
source of sound has stopped.
Formations of echoes.
Echo's
Not all sound that hits matter is absorbed. Some of it is reflected. That
means sound bounces off the solid matter the way a tennis ball bounces off
a wall. Sound reflected back to its source is an echo.
An echo is produced when the reflected sound wave reaches the ear just when
the original sound from the same source has been already heard.
Thus there is repetition of sound.
The sensation of sound persists for 1/10th of a second after the source has
ceased.
Thus an echo must reach after 1/10th second of the direct sound
Multiple echoes may be heard when a sound is reflected from a number of
reflecting surfaces placed suitably.
This defect can be removed by selecting proper shape of the hall .
And by providing rough and porous interior surfaces to disperse the energy of
echoes.
Remedies
This defect is avoided by selecting proper shape for the auditorium. Use of
splayed side walls instead of parallel walls greatly reduces the problem and
enhance the acoustical quality of the hall.
Echoes may be avoided by covering the opposite walls and high ceiling with
absorptive material.
Sound foci.
Some times shape of the hall makes sound waves to concentrate in some
particular areas of hall creating a sound of large quality.
These spots are called sound foci.
This defect can be removed by Geometrical design shapes of the interior
faces.
Providing highly absorbent materials on critical areas (curved spaces).
Dead spots.
This defect is the out come of formation of sound foci.
Because of high concentration of reflected sound at sound foci , there is
deficiency of related sound at some other points.
These spots are known as dead spots where sound intensity is so low that it is
insufficient for hearing.
This defect can be removed by suitably placing diffusers and reflectors.
Right proportions of internal spaces.
Diffusion is the method of spreading out sound energy with a diffusor (diffuser) for
better sound in a space. However, in the wide, wide world of acoustics, the sound
diffusion process and tools are widely misunderstood, even by some acoustics
professionals. This seems a bit odd, because it’s one of only two tools in our “Better
Sounding Room” toolbox.
2) Sound Transmission
Sound waves are pressure waves that travel through Earth's crust, water bodies, and
atmosphere. Natural sound frequencies specify the frequency attributes of sound
waves that will efficiently induce vibration in a body (e.g., the tympanic membrane of
the ear) or that naturally result from the vibration of that body.
Sound waves are created by a disturbance that then propagates through a medium
(e.g., crust, water, air). Individual particles are not transmitted with the wave, but the
propagation of the wave causes particles (e.g., individual air molecules) to oscillate
about an equilibrium position
3) Reverberation of sound
Reverberation is the phenomenon of persistence of sound after it has been stopped as
a result of multiple reflections from surfaces such as furniture, people, air etc. within a
closed surface. These reflections build up with each reflection and decay gradually as
they are absorbed by the surfaces of objects in the space enclosed.
It is same as the echo, but the distance between source of sound and also the obstacle
through which it gets reflected is more less in case of this reverberation. The
quantitative characterization of the reverberation is mainly done by using of the
parameter called as reverberation time. Reverberation time is usually defined as
length of the time where the sound decays by about 60 decibels starting from the
initial level. In the process of reverberation, the time delay is said to be not less than
0.1 second i.e. the reflected form of wave reaches to the observer in more or less than
0.1 second. Hence this delay in perception of the sound and also the original sound is
said to be very less and whereas the original sound will be still in the memory when
this reflected sound is heard.
RAJ MAHESHWARI
7TH SEM