Management Information System & Data Processing Tutorial Notes BFN 311 & BUS 307

Management Information System & Data Processing
Tutorial notes
BFN 311 & BUS 307
. 1. Functions of protocols
 TCP/IP: (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol)
IP: Envelops and address data, enable network to read envelope and forward,
defines how much data fits into an envelope
TCP: Breaks data into pockets, verifies data arrives at destination, reassembles
data
 HTTP: (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) Set rules governing the transfer of hypertext
between 2 or more computers. It uses HTML based on client server principle
 Telnet: Enables one computer connect to another. Referred to as remote login
 HTML: (Hypertext Mark-up Language) defines several aspects of web pages
 SNMP: (Simple Network Management Protocol) Sets rules for managing
resources on the network
 STP: (Simple Transfer Protocol) Set rules for sending emails
 POP: Set rules for receiving emails
 FTP: (File Transfer Protocol) Set rules for uploading and downloading files.
2. Protocols are simple rules created to standardize a particular network activity. They are
simply some scripts that make up rules to determine a specific standard that should be used
worldwide by everyone for a specific purposes such as file transmission, authentication,
verification.
Protocols typically do their tasks that is, they do what they are programmed for. They simply
trigger when their functions is called such as transmission, validation, verification etc.
It typically, runs the script it had been coded with and follows the standard rule specified in it.
We get the necessary output of it after all which will be a standard and security protocol.
3. History behind the emergence of the Internets

 World largest network, the network of networks scattered all over the world
 Created over 37yrs ago as a project for the US Department of Defence
 Its goal was to create a method for widely separated computers to remain connected and
transfer data efficiently even in a nuclear attack
 The internet has grown tremendously from thousands to millions of users
 No single individual company or country owns the internet.
4. Topology is the geometric arrangement of the computers in a network.

The three most common topologies are: Star, Ring and Bus.
Star Network:
 Used to connect one or more computers or peripheral devices
 To a large CPU or host computer
 Commonly used in sharing systems
 CPU acts faster than terminals
Star Topology
CCC
Key:
CCC= Central Communication Control
 Normally used in LAN

 Access Control is maintained by Polling
Polling
a.CCC asks each message in the network if is has message to send
b.And then allows each in turn to transit message
Ring Network
This is a LAN where topology is a ring
 Can be simple as a circle or point-to-point connections of computers
 At dispersed location with no central host computer
 Hosts are connected in a closed loop
 Spans larger distances than other types of network
 Message travel down the loop with each node reading the message
 Until it reaches its destination
Token
Access and control is maintained by “Token passing system”
Bus Network
Similar to ring but ends are unconnected
 All connections are on a common bus or cable
 Available to each devices in a network
BUS
Access & Control

Maintained by a process “CONTENTION” if a line is unused, a terminal or device can
transmit its message at will but if two or more terminals initiate messages simultaneously,
they must stop and transmit again at intervals
5. The characteristics of Valuable Information
The value of information depends on their usefulness in the decision making process. This

value can be judged based on a set of features that can be identified in the information.
They are as follows:
Accurate: Accurate information is error free. Errors could be occurred due to different

reasons. If there is some problem in the knowledge required for the process, output
(information) may have errors. At the same time, if input (data) contains some
errors, the output will not be accurate. This is known as garbage in garbage out
(GIGO). Inaccurate information is not error free.
Complete: Complete information contains all the important facts to make clear decisions.

For example, an investment report may present all possible benefits and profits
without details of cost that will be required.
Economical: Information should also be relatively economical. Decision makers must always

balance the value of information with the cost of producing it. For example, if
collecting the data takes lots of resources and time, it is not economical.
Flexible: Flexible information can be used for a variety of purposes. For example, Information

on how much inventory is on hand for a particular part can be for
- a sales representative to determine the sales plan
- a production manager to identify possible constraints for the production
- a financial executive to calculate the current assets figures of inventory
Reliable: Reliability of information describes the correctness of the information. If there are

any problems with respect to correctness of data, it will definitely affect the
reliability of information. For example, if the reliability of data collection method is
poor, it will directly affect the information that will be produced.
For example, prediction of prices based on rumors (not past variance information),
is not reliable.
Relevant: The relevance of information is determined based on the usefulness of information

with respect to the decision making process. For example (E.g.A),, a drop in timber
prices cannot be used to predict the price fluctuation in computers.
Simple: Simplicity in the representation of information is also a very useful feature utilized to

improve the usability of information in the decision making process. Too many
information could affect the simplicity in the presentation. Therefore it is better to
provide interactive customization to determine simplicity. Providing too many
information is known as information overloading.
Timeliness: Decisions should be made at the right time to achieve effectiveness. Timely

information refers to providing information at the right time. For example, if you can
get to know today’s weather forecast before you leave home, you can decide
whether to bring an umbrella or not.

Management Information System & Data Processing Tutorial Notes BFN 311 & BUS 307

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Management Information System & Data Processing Tutorial Notes BFN 311 & BUS 307

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Management Information System & Data Processing Tutorial Notes BFN 311 & BUS 307

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Management Information System & Data Processing

3. History behind the emergence of the Internets

4. Topology is the geometric arrangement of the computers in a network.

 Normally used in LAN

Access & Control

5. The characteristics of Valuable Information

The value of information depends on their usefulness in the decision making process. This

Accurate: Accurate information is error free. Errors could be occurred due to different

Complete: Complete information contains all the important facts to make clear decisions.

Economical: Information should also be relatively economical. Decision makers must always

Flexible: Flexible information can be used for a variety of purposes. For example, Information

Reliable: Reliability of information describes the correctness of the information. If there are

Relevant: The relevance of information is determined based on the usefulness of information

Simple: Simplicity in the representation of information is also a very useful feature utilized to

Timeliness: Decisions should be made at the right time to achieve effectiveness. Timely

You might also like