Multiple Sclerosis: Demyelination-Damages The Myelin Sheath and Neurons This Damage Slows Down or
Multiple Sclerosis: Demyelination-Damages The Myelin Sheath and Neurons This Damage Slows Down or
Multiple Sclerosis: Demyelination-Damages The Myelin Sheath and Neurons This Damage Slows Down or
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS
Abbreviated MS, also known as disseminated sclerosis or encephalomyelitis
disseminate.
Is an immune-mediated, progressive demyelinating disease of the CNS.
It is an autoimmune disease in which the body’s very own immune system attacks the
CNS‘s cells and underlying tissues.
Demyelination- damages the myelin sheath and neurons this damage slows down or
blocks messages between your brain and your body, leading to the symptoms of MS.
Virus (ESPREIN-BARR)
Fatigue
Depression
Weakness
Numbness
Difficulty in coordination
Loss of balance
Pain
Spasticity ( muscle hypertonicity )
Visual disturbances
I. Blurring of vision
II. Diplopia ( double vision )
III. Patchy blindness ( scotoma )
IV. Total blindness
DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURE
A neurological exam may show reduced nerve function in one area of the body, or
spread over many parts of the body. This may include:
SURGICAL MANAGEMENT
Deep brain stimulation for tremor. Severe and disabling tremor that occurs with the
slightest movement of the limbs may be helped by an implanted device that stimulates
an area of the brain. Neurological performs the surgery to implant the device.
Implantation of a drug catheter or pump, for spasticity. People who have severe pain or
spasticity may benefit from having a catheter or pump placed in the lower spinal area to
deliver a constant flow of medicine, such as baclofen (Lioresal).
MEDICAL MANAGEMENT
There is no known cure for multiple sclerosis at this time. However, there are therapies
that may slow the disease. The goal of treatment is to control symptoms and help you
maintain a normal quality of life.
Medications used to slow the progression of multiple sclerosis are taken on a long-term
basis, they include:
Household changes to ensure safety and ease in moving around the home are often
needed.
NURSING DIAGNOSIS
Impaired Physical Mobility related to neuromuscular impairment, decreased strength
and fatigue
Nursing Interventions:
Encourage and facilitate early ambulation and other ADLs when possible.
Facilitate transfer training by using appropriate assistance of persons or devices when
transferring patients to bed, chair, or stretcher.
Encourage appropriate use of assistive devices in the home setting.
Provide positive reinforcement during activity.
Allow patient to perform tasks at his or her own rate.
Keep side rails up and bed in low position. This promotes a safe environment.
Turn and position every 2 hours or as needed.
Maintain limbs in functional alignment (e.g., with pillows, sandbags, wedges).
Perform passive or active assistive ROM exercises to all extremities.
Encourage coughing and deep-breathing exercises.
Encourage liquid intake of 2000 to 3000 ml/day unless contraindicated.
Initiate supplemental high-protein feedings as appropriate.
Administer medications as appropriate. Antispasmodic medications may reduce muscle
spasms or spasticity that interfere with mobility.
NURSING DIAGNOSIS
Acute Pain
NURSING INTERVENTION
Monitor v/s and pain scale to provide baseline data for comparison
Promote bed rest /chair (recliner) during toxic stage
Determine patient acceptable level of pain
Provide comfort measure such as touching to promote non pharmacological pain
management
NURSING DIAGNOSIS
Risk for Injury
NURSING INTERVENTION
Provide bed rest
Remove environmental barriers to ensure safety
Guide patient when ambulating if appropriate
NURSING DIAGNOSIS
Fatigue
NURSING INTERVENTION
Promote bed rest /chair (recliner) during toxic stage
Provide quiet environment ; limit visitor as needed
Energy conservation and activity management
REFERENCE:
MENDERO COLLEGE
Tiguma Pagadian City
S.Y 2010-2011
NCM-104
Multiple Sclerosis
Submitted by
Manas Norhana C.
Submitted to
Demyelination links:
Legend:
Nursing intervention
Sign & symptoms