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    CEL-324 Computer Organization and Assembly Language Lab

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    Muhammad Osama
    The document discusses conditional jumps and procedures for menu-driven programs using flags in assembly language. It provides examples of jump instructions based on status flag values and comparisons. The lab tasks involve writing procedures to check characters, compare strings, and determine if a string is a palindrome by manipulating flags and conditional jumps. Procedures are demonstrated for separating characters in a string, comparing string lengths, and determining alpha-numeric values.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    CEL-324 Computer Organization and Assembly Language Lab

    Uploaded by

    Muhammad Osama
    93 views9 pages
    The document discusses conditional jumps and procedures for menu-driven programs using flags in assembly language. It provides examples of jump instructions based on status flag values and comparisons. The lab tasks involve writing procedures to check characters, compare strings, and determine if a string is a palindrome by manipulating flags and conditional jumps. Procedures are demonstrated for separating characters in a string, comparing string lengths, and determining alpha-numeric values.

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    The document discusses conditional jumps and procedures for menu-driven programs using flags in assembly language. It provides examples of jump instructions based on status flag values and comparisons. The lab tasks involve writing procedures to check characters, compare strings, and determine if a string is a palindrome by manipulating flags and conditional jumps. Procedures are demonstrated for separating characters in a string, comparing string lengths, and determining alpha-numeric values.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    93 views9 pages

    CEL-324 Computer Organization and Assembly Language Lab

    Uploaded by

    Muhammad Osama
    The document discusses conditional jumps and procedures for menu-driven programs using flags in assembly language. It provides examples of jump instructions based on status flag values and comparisons. The lab tasks involve writing procedures to check characters, compare strings, and determine if a string is a palindrome by manipulating flags and conditional jumps. Procedures are demonstrated for separating characters in a string, comparing string lengths, and determining alpha-numeric values.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 9

    CEL-324

    Computer Organization

    and Assembly Language Lab

    Department of Computer Science

    Bahria University, Islamabad


    Lab # 06: Conditional Jumps and Menu driven Procedures
    Objectives:

    Develop procedures and use them to create menu driven programs. All questions will have menus user
    will choose the options and programs should process accordingly.

    Tools Used: Microsoft Visual Studio

    Tools Used:

    Visual Studio

    Specific Flag values

    Status Flags

    The status flags reflect the outcomes of arithmetic and logical operations performed by the CPU. They
    are Overflow, sign, zero, auxiliary carry, carry, parity.

    Carry Flag (CF) is set when the result of unsigned arithmetic operation is too large to fit into the
    destination.

    Overflow Flag (OF) is set when the result of a signed arithmetic operation is too wide to fit into
    destination.

    Range of 8-, 16-, and 32-bit signed numbers


    Size Range
    8 bits − 128 to +127
    16 bits − 32,768 to +32,767
    32 bits −2,147,483,648 to +2,147,483,647

    Sign Flag (SF) is set when the result of an arithmetic operation generates negative result. High-order bit
    of result.

    1 -- Negative signed number.


    0 -- positive signed number.

    Zero Flag (ZF) is set when the result of arithmetic operation generates a result of zero.

    Auxiliary carry Flag is set when an arithmetic operation causes a carry from bit 3 to bit 4 in an 8-bit
    operand.
    Parity Flag is set when sums the result of bits that are set in a number and indicate whether the sum is
    even or odd. Count the number of 1 in binary if it’s odd then PF=0 otherwise its 1.

    Example:

    Main proc
    mov al,255
    add al,1
    call DumpRegs ; you can also use Debugger to check FLAGS

    exit
    main endp
    In above example

    CF=1 ZF=1 AF=1 SF=0 OF =0 PF=1

    Following table shows a list of jumps based on specific CPU flags values.

    Mnemonics Description Flags

    JZ Jump if zero ZF=1

    JNZ Jump if not zero ZF=0

    JC Jump if carry CF=1

    JNC Jump if not carry CF=0

    JO Jump if Overflow OF=1

    JNO Jump if not overflow OF=0

    JS Jump if sign SF=1

    JNS Jump if not sign SF=0

    JP Jump if parity(even) PF=1

    JNP Jump if not parity PF=0


    Comparisons of unsigned operands

    Jumps based specifically on comparisons of unsigned integer shown in following table

    Mnemonic Description

    JA Jump if above (if leftOp>rightOp)

    JNBE Jump if not below or equal (same as


    JA)

    JAE Jump if above or equal (if


    leftOp>=rightOp)

    JNB Jump if not below (same as JAE)

    JB Jump if below (if leftOp<rightOp)

    JNAE Jump if not above or equal (same as


    JB)

    JBE Jump if below or equal (if


    leftOp_<=rightOp)

    JNA Jump if not above (same as JBE)

    CMP: The compare instruction performs an implied subtraction of a source operand from the destination
    operand. Neither operand is modified. The CMP instruction changes the flag status.

    CMP Result ZF CF

    Destination<source 0 1

    Destination>source 0 0

    Destination=source 1 0
    Comparisons of signed operands:

    Mnemonic Description

    JG Jump if greater (if leftOp>rightOp)

    JNLE Jump if not less or equal (same as


    JG)

    JGE Jump if greater than or equal (if


    leftOp>=rightOp)

    JNL Jump if not less (same as JGE)

    JL Jump if less (if leftOp<rightOp)

    JNGE Jump if not greater than or equal


    (same as JL)

    JLE Jump if less than or equal (if


    leftOp_<=rightOp)

    JNG Jump if not greater (same as JLE)

    When we are dealing with signed number than CMP Instruction change the sign, Zero, overflow flag
    status.

    CMP Result Flags

    Destination<source SF≠OF

    Destination>source SF=OF

    Destination=source ZF=1

    Equality comparisons:

    These jump instructions based on evaluating either the equality of two operands or the value of cx,ecx.

    Syntax: CMP leftop ,rightop


    Mnemonics Description

    JE Jump if equal(leftop=rightop)

    JNE Jump if not equal(leftop≠rightop)

    JCXZ Jump if cx=0

    JECXZ Jump if ecx=0

    dec:

    dec instruction is used for decrementing an operand by one. It works on a single operand that can be

    either in a register or in memory.

    inc:

    inc instruction is used for incrementing an operand by one .It works on a single operand that can be

    either in a register or in memory.

    ret:

    used to pops the return address off the stack and returns control to that location
    Lab Tasks:

    1. Write a program that asks the user to enter number between 0 and 100. The program should
    display the appropriate grade using Cmp and jmp.

    Hint: call grade-> to print appropriate grade


    grade proc
    cmp eax, 100
    JA gEr
    ret-> used to pops the return address off the stack and returns control to that location

    2. Write a program that gets a string from the user and stores the string in a buffer. Then
    scan the string and separate all small alphabets in another buffer. Then print the
    buffer.
    Hint:
    cmp al, 13
    JE En
    mov [esi], al
    inc esi
    call scan
    scan PROC
    mov al,[esi]
    cmp al,'a'
    JB nope
    cmp al, 'z'
    JA nope
    3. Write two procedures isCapital and isSmall which return true/ false by setting/
    clearing carry flag. Use these procedures to separate mixed alphabetic string into two
    strings. One containing small letters and other containing capital letters. Display the
    result.
    Hint:
    sa byte 20 DUP(?)
    ca byte 20 DUP(?)
    inp byte 20 DUP(?)
    InpL:
    call readchar
    call writechar
    cmp al,13
    JE En
    mainL:
    mov al,[edx]
    clc call isSmall
    JC small call isCapital
    4. Write procedures IsAlpha and IsDigit. Get character form the user and check whether
    that character is alphabet or digit. Use carry flag to return true or false value. Print the
    appropriate message.
    Hint:
    clc
    call isaAlpha
    jc alpha
    call isaDigit
    jc digit
    5. Write a procedure that is passed two strings and compares them if they are of same
    length or not.
    Hint:
    cmp eax,ebx
    jne ex
    mov edx, offset msgyes
    6. Write a procedure that checks the string if it is palindrome or not.
    Hint:
    mov al,[esi+edx]
    cmp al,[esi+ebx]
    jne nope

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