Statistics and

Probability
Quarter 4 – Module 4:
Identifying Appropriate Test
Statistics Involving Population
Mean
Statistics and Probability – Grade 11
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 4 – Module 4: Identifying Appropriate Test Statistics Involving Population
Mean
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 Statistics and
Probability
Quarter 4 – Module 4:
Identifying Appropriate Test
Statistics Involving Population
Mean
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Statistics and Probability for Senior High School Alternative
Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Identifying Appropriate Test Statistics
Involving Population Mean!
This module was collaboratively designed, developed, and reviewed by
educators both from public and private institutions to assist you, the
teacher or the facilitator, in helping the learners meet the standards set by
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As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
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ii
For the learner:

Welcome to the Statistics and Probability for Senior High School Alternative
Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Identifying Appropriate Test Statistics
Involving Population Mean!
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iii
 the answers to the exercises using the
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We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning
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iv
 What I Need to Know

In the previous module, you have learned more about hypothesis. You
identified the two kinds of hypotheses and the directionality test of
hypothesis. The module also discussed about the notations commonly used
in formulating a hypothesis. You also accomplished activities identifying the
test of hypothesis to be used after formulating null and alternative
hypotheses.

This time, you are ready to identify the test statistic to be used when
the population variance is known and unknown.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. define the statistical concepts related to test concerning means;
2. identify the appropriate form of test statistics when: (a) the population
variance is assumed to be known; (b) the population variance is
assumed to be unknown; and (c) the Central Limit Theorem is to be
used; and
3. apply the concepts of test statistic on real-life problems.

What I Know

Directions: Choose the best answer to the given questions or statements.

Write the letter of your choice on a separate sheet of paper.

1. If the variance is unknown and the sample size is small, which test
statistic is appropriate?
A. t-test C. two-tailed test
B. z-test D. one-tailed test

2. One-sample z-statistic is used instead of one-sample t-statistic when

___________.
A. μ is known. C. μ is unknown.
B. σ is known. D. σ is unknown

1
3. Based on the Central Limit Theorem, when the sample (n) is extremely
large and the variance is known, what is the statistical test to be used?
A. t-test C. two-tailed test
B. z-test D. one-tailed test

4. Which of the following characteristics can be considered in using z-

test/statistic as an appropriate test?
A. Sample standard deviation is known.
B. Population is not normally distributed.
C. The sample size is greater than 30.
D. Population standard deviation is unknown.

5. What test is appropriate if the distribution is not normal, there is a

sufficiently large sample size, and population variance is unknown?
A. t-test C. null test
B. z-test D. hypothesis test

6. Which of the following notations is needed in identifying the test statistic

to be used in computing test value?
A. µ B. α C. σ D. 𝑥

7. In a sample n=100 selected from a normal population 𝑥̅ = 56 and 𝑠 = 12,

what statistical test is applicable?
A. t-test C. left-tailed test
B. z-test D. two-tailed test

8. The t-test for single sample mean may be used when all the following
conditions are true except ____________.
A. Sample size is less than 30.
B. Sample standard deviation (𝑠) is known.
C. Population standard deviation (𝜎) is known.
D. Data are approximately normally distributed.

9. A simple random sample of 150 observations was taken from a large

population. The sample average and the sample standard deviation were
determined to be 70 and 16, respectively. What is the value of the s?
A. 1.6 B. 16 C. 70 D. 150

10. A tire manufacturer tests the braking performance of one of its tire
models on a test track. From long-term records, the company knows the
value of σ. The company tried the tires on 10 different cars, recording the
stopping distance for each car on both wet and dry streets. Which test
statistic is appropriate to use?
A. t-test C. one-tailed test
B. z-test D. hypothesis test
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11. “The average production of corn in the Philippines is 3,000 kgs. A new
plan on food has been developed and is tested on 60 plots. The mean
yield with the new plan on food is 3,200 kgs with standard deviation of
600 kgs. At α = 0.05 level of significance, can you conclude that the
production increased?” What test statistic is to be used on the given
problem?
A. t-test C. left-tailed test
B. z-test D. right-tailed test

12. In the given situation below, identify the population standard deviation.
“In a recent survey, the average amount of money a college student gets
is ₱200.00 with a standard deviation of ₱62.00. A teacher feels that the
average amount is higher. She surveys 80 randomly selected students
and finds that the average amount is ₱245.”
A. 𝜎 = 80 B. 𝜎 = ₱62.00 C. 𝜎 = ₱200.00 D. 𝜎 = ₱245.00

13. An agent believes that the average closing cost of purchasing a new home
is ₱328,250. She selects 40 new home sales at random and finds that the
average closing cost is ₱333,300. The standard deviation of the
population is ₱6,060. What is the test statistic appropriate to used?
A. t-test C. standard deviation
B. z-test D. Central Limit Theorem
14. What test static is appropriate to use in the given problem below? “A
random sample of 29 medical doctors showed that they work an average
of 55 hours per week with a standard deviation of 7.5 hours per week. If
the average is 48 hours per week, is this given evidence significantly
greater than the rest of the medical doctors?”
A. t-test C. variance
B. z-test D. two-tailed test

15. Last 2015, the government made a claim that the average income of the
Filipino people was ₱18,000. However, a sample was taken recently
showing an average income of ₱20,000 with a population standard
deviation of ₱1,300. Which test statistic is appropriate to use?
A. t-test C. one -tailed test
B. z-test D. two-tailed test

3
Lesson Identifying Appropriate Test

1 Statistics Involving Population

Mean

Hypothesis testing is a method of testing a claim or hypothesis about

a parameter in a population given a data sample. In this method, we test the
hypothesis by determining the likelihood that sample statistic could be
selected and if the hypotheses regarding the population parameter were
true. The process of hypothesis testing involves setting up two contrasting
hypotheses: the null hypothesis and the alternative hypothesis. One selects
a random sample, computes summary statistics using appropriate test
statistics, and then assesses the likelihood that the sample data support the
alternative hypothesis.

In the previous module, you were taught how to formulate null and
alternative hypotheses. You are now ready to analyze statistical hypothesis
to determine the correct test statistics to be used in computing the results
and making decisions.

What’s In

Activity 1: Is It Zee or Tee?

Directions: Write the letter “z” if the statement is a characteristic of

standard normal distribution and “t” if the given characteristic describes t-
distribution.

1. It is best applied if you have a limited sample size (n <

30) as long as the variables are approximately normally
distributed.
2. It is also applicable if you do not know the populations’
standard deviation.
3. This is the best to use in a statistical test if the
population standard deviation is known.
4. It is always used for normal distribution.

5. This test is often applied in large samples (n > 30).

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Follow-up Questions:

1. In the items above, how did you differentiate the statements

describing standard normal distribution from those involving t-
distribution?
2. Were you able to answer them easily? If not, which item/s did you
find difficult to answer?
3. Were you able to differentiate the statements characterizing normal
distribution from those describing t-distribution?

Notes to the Teacher

Check the level of readiness of your student. If the

student failed to answer most of the items, help him/her recall
the concepts about z-distribution and t-distribution by
providing additional activities.

What’s New

Activity 2: Find Me!

Directions: Determine the needed data for each given problem. First, read
and understand the examples below before you proceed to the items that
follow.

Examples:

1. A Grade 11 researcher reported that the average allowance of Senior High

School students was more than ₱100. A sample of 40 students had mean
allowance of ₱120. At 𝛼 = 0.01 test, it was the claimed that the students
had allowance of more than ₱ 100.The standard deviation of the
population is ₱50.
𝜇 = 100 𝑥̅ = 120 𝑛 = 40 𝜎 = 50

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2. According to a cell phone company, the average price of cellular phone in
the Philippines is ₱12,999. However, in a sample of 20 costumers
randomly asked about the price of their cellular phone, data collected
showed an average of ₱9,999 and standard deviation of ₱7,999. Using
𝛼 = 0.05 level of significance, is there enough evidence proving that the
average price of cellular phone is less than ₱12,999?
𝜇 = 12,999 𝑥̅ = 9,999 𝑛= 20 𝑠 = 7,999

Now, it’s your turn…

1. The average number of ad clicks per day for Facebook before was
192,000 and the standard deviation was 100,000. Sixty-four (64) days
after the redesign, the mean number of ad clicks per day was 200,000.
𝜇 = ______ 𝑥̅ = ______ 𝑛 = ______ 𝜎 = ______

2. The average life of typical incandescent bulb is 1,500 hours as claimed by

a light bulb company. Thinking that the average life of bulbs is less than
what the company claimed, a client tested a random sample of 55 light
bulbs. The rest resulted to sample mean of 1,300 hours and standard
deviation of 25 hours. Is there enough evidence to prove that the average
life of the company’s light bulb is less than 1,500 hours?
𝜇 = ______ 𝑥̅ = ______ 𝑛 = ______ 𝑠 = ______
3. The mean number of close friends for the population of people living in
the Philippines is 5. The standard deviation of scores in this population is
1.2. An investigator predicts that the mean number of close friends for
introverts will be significantly different from the mean of the population.
The mean number of close friends for a sample of 26 introverts is 6.
𝜇 = ______ 𝑥̅ = ______ 𝑛 = ______ 𝜎 = ______

Guide Questions:

1. How did you find the activity?

2. What mathematical concepts did you apply in answering the
activity?
3. Were you able to determine the needed data for each notation?
4. Which value of notation/s seemed too difficult to identify on the
given problems?
5. Have you observed the differences of notations in the items? Is the
value of 𝑠 same as σ? If not, how do they differ?
6. What do you think is the relationship of these notations on
determining test statistic in hypothesis testing?

6
 What Is It

Before we move forward to the different test statistics, it is important to

define the following terms:

 A population includes all of the elements from a set of data.

 A sample consists of one or more observations drawn from the population.
 Sample mean (𝒙 ̅) is the mean of sample values collected.
 Population mean (µ) is the mean of all the values in the population.
If the sample is randomly selected and sample size is large, then the
sample mean would be a good estimate of the population mean.
 Population standard deviation (𝝈) is a parameter which is a measure of
variability with fixed value calculated from every individual in the
population.
 Sample standard deviation (𝒔) is a statistic which means that this
measure of variability is calculated from only some of the individuals in a
population.
 Population variance (𝝈𝟐 ), in the same sense, indicates how the
population data points are spread out. It is the average of the distances
from each data point in the population to the mean, squared.

Since we already defined important things in identifying the test

statistics in hypothesis testing, let us now determine those concepts when
given a problem. Let’s use the example in Activity 2.

Example:

A Grade 11 researcher reported that the average allowance of

Senior High School students was ₱100. A sample of 40 students has
mean allowance of ₱120. At 𝛼 = 0.01 test, it was the claimed that the
students had allowance of more than ₱ 100.The standard deviation of the
population is ₱50.

µ = ₱100 the average allowance of the population (Senior High School

students)
𝐧 = 𝟒𝟎 the number of students taken from all Senior High School students
̅ = ₱120 the mean allowance of the sample
𝒙
𝛔 = ₱50 the standard deviation of the population

Now you already know how to get the data needed in choosing test
statistics. This time, you will determine what test statistic is appropriate in
computing test value in the hypothesis testing.

7
 A test statistic is a random variable that is calculated from sample
data and used in a hypothesis test. You can use test statistics to determine
whether to reject or accept the null hypothesis. The test statistic compares
your data with what is expected under the null hypothesis.
To identify the test statistic, you must consider whether the
population standard deviation/variance is known or unknown. If the
population standard deviation σ is known, then the mean has a normal
distribution. Use z-test. If the population standard deviation σ is unknown,
then the mean has a t- distribution. Use t-test. Instead of the population
standard deviation, use the sample standard deviation.
z-test
In a z-test, the sample is assumed to be normally distributed. A z-score
is calculated with population parameters such as “population
mean” and “population standard deviation”. It is used to validate a
hypothesis that the sample drawn belongs to the same population. When the
variance is known and either the distribution is normal or sample size is
large, use a z-test statistic.
t-test
Like a z-test, a t-test also assumes a normal distribution of the
sample. A t-test is used when the population variance or standard deviation
are not known. When the variance is unknown and a sample size is less
than 30, use a t-test statistic assuming that the population is normal or
approximately normal.

Central Limit Theorem

In Central Limit Theorem, if the population is normally distributed
or the sample size is large and the true population mean µ = µ𝑜 , then z has
a standard normal distribution.
When population standard deviation σ is not known, we may still use
z-score by replacing the population standard deviation σ by its estimate,
sample standard deviation s. Since the sample is large the resulting test
statistic still has a distribution that is approximately standard normal.
Historically, this was very useful, as most statisticians before did not
have access to the t-table of quantities for very large number of degrees of
freedom. But with modern computers today, using t-test with a very large
sample size is not a problem at all.
However, since you will be using a t-table with only limited number of
degrees of freedom, you will use z-test when the sample size is large even
though the population standard deviation is unknown.
When sample sizes are small, the Central Limit Theorem does not
apply. You must then impose stricter assumptions on the population to give
statistical validity to the test procedure. One common assumption is that
the population from which the sample is taken has a normal probability
distribution to begin with. Under such circumstances, if the population
𝑥̅ −𝜇
standard deviation is known, then the test statistic 𝜎 𝑜 still has the
⁄ 𝑛
√
standard normal distribution.

8
 The table shows what test statistic is appropriate when:
Population Variance Is Population Variance Is Central Limit Theorem
Known Unknown (CLT)
Population is normal or Population may not be
Population is normally
nearly normally normally distributed.
distributed.
distributed.
𝑛 ≥ 30 or considered
𝑛 ≥ 30 𝑛 < 30
sufficiently large
Population standard Sample standard
Variance is known/
deviation (𝜎) is known. deviation (s) is known.
unknown.
Population standard
deviation (𝜎) is unknown.
Use z-test by replacing
population standard
z-test t-test deviation (𝜎) by sample
standard deviation (𝑠) in
the formula.
Identifying Appropriate Test Statistic

When the value of sample size (n)…

𝒏 ≥ 𝟑𝟎 𝒏 < 𝟑𝟎

σ is known σ is not known σ is known σ is not known

z-test z-test z-test t-test

Illustrative Examples:
1. A manufacturer claimed that the average life of batteries used in their
electronic games is 150 hours. It is known that the standard deviation of
this type of battery is 20 hours. A consumer wished to test the
manufacturer’s claim and accordingly tested 100 electronic games using
the battery. It was found out that the mean is equal to 144 hours.
Here, the sample size (n) is 100 (extremely large) and population
standard deviation (20 hours) is known, then the appropriate test
statistic to be used is z-test.

2. An English teacher wanted to test whether the mean reading speed of

students is 550 words per minute. A sample of 12 students revealed a
sample mean of 540 words per minute with a standard deviation of 5
words per minute. At 0.05 significance level, is the reading speed
different from 550 words per minute?

9
 The sample size (n) is 12 which is less than 30 and sample
standard deviation (5 words per minute) was given. Therefore, the
appropriate test is t-test.

3. A study was conducted to look at the average time students exercise. A

researcher claimed that in average, students exercise less than 15 hours
per month. In a random sample size n=115, it was found that the mean
time students exercise is 𝑥̅ = 11.3 hours per month with s = 6.43 hours
per month.
Since n=115, the sample size is large and variance is unknown.
Hence, z-test is the appropriate tool. (Central Limit Theorem)

Note:
The illustrative examples above used standard deviations instead of
variances. Variance is the square of the standard deviation and conversely,
the standard deviation is the square root of the variance. Hence, if the
standard deviation is known in the problem, then basically, variance is also
known.

What’s More

Activity 3: Mark My Numbers!

Directions: In each problem, underline the population standard

deviation/sample standard deviation and circle the number of samples.

1. A sample of 160 people has a mean age of 27 with a population standard

deviation (σ) of 5. Test the hypothesis that the population mean is 26.7 at
α=0.05.
2. An electric lamps manufacturer is testing a new production method that
will be considered acceptable if the lamps produced by this method result
in a normal population with an average life of 1,300 hours and a
standard deviation equal to 120. A sample of 100 lamps produced by this
method has an average life of 1,250 hours.

3. The cholesterol levels in a certain population have mean of 210 and

standard deviation 21. The cholesterol levels for a random sample of 9
individuals are measured and the sample mean x is determined. What is
the z-score for a sample mean x=180?
4. Mabunga Elementary School has 1,000 students. The principal of the
school thinks that the average IQ of students at Mabunga is at least 110.
To prove her point, she administers an IQ test to 20 randomly selected

10
 students. Among the sampled students, the average IQ is 108 with a
standard deviation of 10.
5. A new energy-efficient lawn mower engine was developed by a well-known
inventor. He claims that the engine will run continuously for 5 hours on
a single gallon of regular gasoline. From his stock of 2,000 engines, the
inventor selects a simple random sample of 50 engines for testing. The
engines run for an average of 295 minutes with a standard deviation of
20 minutes.
Activity 4. Check It Out!

Directions: Read and analyze each problem. On the table below, put a
check on the columns of the criteria that correspond to the given problem.

1. It is claimed that the average age of working students in a certain

university is 35. A researcher selected a random sample of 25 working
students. The computation of their ages resulted to an average of 32
years with standard deviation of 10 years.
2. A manufacturer of tires claim that their tire has a mean life of at least
50,000kms. A random sample of 28 of these tires is tested and the
sample mean is 33,000kms. Assume that the population standard
deviation is 3,000kms and the lives of the tires are approximately
normally distributed.
3. On average, a drinking vending machine is adjusted so it dispenses
240ml of fruit juice. However, the machine tends to go out of adjustment
and periodic checks are made to determine the average amount of fruit
juice being dispensed. A sample of 28 with a standard deviation of 15ml
in plastic cup drinks is taken to test the adjustment of the machine.
4. Uber company claims that the mean time to rent a car on their app is 60
seconds with a standard deviation of 30 seconds. A random sample of 36
customers attempted to rent a car on the app. The mean time of renting
was 75 seconds. Is this enough evidence to contradict the company's
claim?
5. The waiting time to be seated at the restaurant has population standard
deviation of 10 minutes. An expensive restaurant claims that the average
waiting time for dinner is approximately 1 hour, but we suspect that this
claim is inflated to make the restaurant appear more exclusive and
successful. A random sample of 30 customers yielded a sample average
waiting time of 50 minutes.

11
 𝒏 ≥ 𝟑𝟎 𝒏 < 𝟑𝟎 𝝈 is known. 𝝈 is unknown. z-test t-test
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Activity 5. Which is Which?

Directions: Identify the appropriate test statistic to be used in each

problem. Write z-test or t-test on a separate sheet of paper.
___________1. A sample of n=25 is selected from a normal population, 𝑥̅ = 56
and s= 12.

___________2. Based on the report of the school nurse, the average height of
Grade 11 students has increased. Five years ago, the average height of
Grade 11 students was 170cm with standard deviation of 38cm. She took a
random sample of 150 students and derived the average height of 165cm.

___________3. Knowing from a previous study that the average of athletes is

80, an athletic adviser asked how his soccer players are academically doing
as compared to other student athletes. After an initiative to help improve the
average of student athletes, the adviser randomly selected 15 soccer players
and found 85 as the average with standard deviation of 1.25.

___________4. The CEO of a battery manufacturing company claimed that

their batteries would last an average of 280 hours under normal use. A
researcher randomly selected 20 batteries from the production line and
tested them. The tested batteries had a mean life span of 250 hours with a
standard deviation of 40 hours. Do we have enough evidence to suggest that
the claim of an average of 280 hours is false?

___________5. It was known that the number of tickets purchased by

students at the ticket window for the volleyball match of two popular
universities followed a distribution that has mean of 500 and standard
deviation of 8.9. Suppose that a few hours before the start of one of these
matches, there are 100 eager students standing in line to purchase tickets.
If there are 250 tickets remaining, what is the probability that all 100
students will be able to purchase the tickets they want?

12
 What I Have Learned

Complete the following sentences by filling each blank with the correct word
or phrase.
1. __________________ is a random variable that is calculated from sample
data and is used in a hypothesis test.
2. ____________ includes all of the elements from a set of data while
______________ consists of one or more observations drawn from the
population.
3. ___________ is a measure of variability calculated from every individual in
the population while ______________ is calculated from only some of the
individuals in a population.
4. The two common test statistics to be computed in hypothesis testing are
________________________ and ____________________________________.
5. A z-score is calculated with population parameters such as population
mean and ______________________.
6. A t-test is used when the __________________ or standard deviation is not
known.
7. The number of sample for z-test is ________________________ while
________________________ in t-test.
8. If the population standard deviation is known, use
______________________ and if it’s unknown, use
________________________.
9. The notations that need to be considered in identifying test statistics are
_____________________ and ____________________.
10. If the number of samples is sufficiently large and the variance is
unknown, then ________________________ is appropriate to be used.

What I Can Do

Make a comics strip on how to determine the appropriate tool when the
variance is known, variance is unknown, and when Central Limit Theorem
is used. Your work will be evaluated using the following rubric.

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Clear Understanding of Mathematical Concept 30
Organization and Accuracy of Solution(s) 30
Clear Understanding of Vocabulary 10
Accuracy of Analysis 20
Presentation 10
Total 100

Assessment

Directions: Choose the best answer to the given questions or statements.

Write the letter of your choice on a separate sheet of paper.

1. If the variance is known, what test statistic is appropriate?

A. t-test C. two-tailed test
B. z-test D. one-tailed test
2. One-sample t-statistic is used instead of one-sample z-statistic when
___________________.
A. μ is known. C. μ is unknown.
B. σ is known. D. σ is unknown.
3. Based on the Central Limit Theorem, when the sample (n) is extremely
large and the variance is unknown, what is the statistical test to be
used?
A. t-test C. two-tailed test
B. z-test D. one- tailed test
4. Which of the following is NOT a consideration in using z-test/statistic?
A. Variance is known.
B. Sample standard deviation is known.
C. The population mean is less than 30.
D. Population standard deviation is known.
5. What appropriate tool is applicable if the population is normal, sample
standard deviation is known, and sample is less than 30?
A. t-test C. normal test
B. z-test D. Central Limit Theorem
6. Which of the following symbols is NOT needed when t-test is used in
computing values?
A. 𝑛 B. µ C. 𝜎 D. 𝑠

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 7. If in a sample n=16 selected from a normal population, 𝑥̅ = 56 and 𝑠 = 12,
what statistical test is applicable to be used?
A. f-test C. z-test
B. t-test D. Central Limit Theorem
8. Based on Central Limit Theorem, the z-test for single sample may be
used when all the following conditions are TRUE except
_________________.
A. Sample size is less than 30.
B. Data are normally distributed.
C. Population standard deviation is known.
D. Population standard deviation is unknown.
9. What is the sample standard deviation if a simple random sample of 220
students is drawn from a population of 2,740 college students? Among
the sampled students, the average IQ score is 115 with standard
deviation of 10.
A. 10 B. 115 C. 220 D. 2,740
10. The supervisor of a certain company claimed that the mean workday of
his workers is 8.3 hours per day. A sample of 20 workers was taken and it
was found out that the mean workday is 8 hours with standard deviation
of 1 hour. At 0.01 level of significance, is the mean workday less than 8.3
hours?
What test statistic is to be used in the given problem?
A. z-test C. right-tailed test
B. t-test D. left-tailed test

11. Based on the problem in no. 10, 8.3 hours is _____________.

A. σ B. µ C. 𝑥̅ D. 𝑠

12. A leader of an association of jeepney driver claims that the average daily
take-home pay of all jeepney drivers in Caloocan is ₱350.00. A random
sample of 100 jeepney drivers in Caloocan was interviewed and the take-
home pay was found to be ₱420.00. If 0.05 significance level was used to
find out whether the average take home pay is different from ₱350.00 and
population variance was assumed to be ₱92.00, what is the appropriate
test statistic?
A. t-test C. left-tailed test
B. z-test D. right-tailed test
13. L.V. Co. has an average sale of ₱37 million per week from their products
in all their outlets. An area manager found out that the average gross
sales from the 28 outlets under her jurisdiction is ₱32.5 million per week
with standard deviation of ₱1.5 million. Does the mean sales of all outlets

15
 differ from the mean sales of the 28 outlets under her jurisdiction? In the
given problem, what statistical tool is suitable to use?
A. t-test C. ANOVA
B. z-test D. chi-square test
14. A cellular battery manufacturer claims that his battery when fully
charged has mean life of 24 hours with standard deviation of 4 hours. A
dealer randomly chose sample of 35 batteries to be tested and resulted to
22.5 hours mean life. In the given situation, 22.5 hours is __________.
A. sample mean C. sample standard deviation
B. number of sample D. population standard deviation
15. According to a study, there is an increase on average monthly expenses
of ₱250.00 for cell phone loads of Senior High School students in the city.
Is there a reason to believe that the amount increased if sample of 60
students has an average monthly expense of ₱280.00 and the population
standard deviation is ₱77.00? What is the tool to be used in computing
the test value?
A. z-test C. left-tailed test
B. t-test D. alternative test

Additional Activities

Activity 6. Read, Analyze, and Answer!

Directions: Answer the following.
1. In a sample of 𝑛 = 12 selected from a normal population, 𝑥̅ = 50, 𝑠 = 10,
and null hypothesis is 𝐻0 : µ = 45.
a. What is the number of degrees of freedom?
b. What is the test statistic to be used?
2. In order to test 𝐻0 : µ = 26 versus 𝐻𝑎 : µ < 26, a random sample of size 𝑛 =
37 is obtained from the population that is known to be normally
distributed with 𝜎 = 3.
a. Based on the given alternative hypothesis, what is the hypothesis
test?
b. What test statistic would you apply to compute for the value?

16
 17
Activity 4
𝒏 ≥ 𝟑𝟎 𝒏 < 𝟑𝟎 𝝈 is 𝝈 is z-test t-test
known unknown
1. ✓ ✓
✓
2. ✓ ✓ ✓
3. ✓ ✓ ✓
4. ✓ ✓ ✓
5. ✓ ✓ ✓
Activity 5
1. t-test
2. z-test
3. t-test
4. t-test
5. z-test
Assessment
Additional
Activities 1. B
2. D
Activity 6 3. B
1. a. df=11 4. C
b. t-test 5. A
6. C
2. a. left-tailed 7. B
b. z-test 8. A
9. A
10. B
11. B
12. B
13. A
14. A
15. A
Answer Key
18
 19
What I Have
Learned What I Know What’s In
1. Test statistic 1. A 1. t
2. Population, sample 2. B 2. t
3. Population standard 3. B 3. z
deviation, sample 4. C 4. z
5. B 5. z
standard deviation
4. z-test and t-test 6. C What’s New
5. population standard 7. B
8. C 1. µ = 192,000
deviation
9. B 𝑥̅ = 200,000
6. population variance
10. B 𝑛 = 64
7. greater than or equal to
11. B 𝜎 = 100,000
30, less than 30
12. B 2. µ = 1,500
8. z-test, t-test
13. B 𝑥̅ = 1,300
9. 𝜎 and n
14. A 𝑛 = 55
10. z-test
15. B 𝑠 = 25
3. µ = 5
𝑥̅ = 6
𝑛 = 26
𝜎 = 1.2
References
Textbooks
Caraan, Avelino Jr S. Introduction to Statistics & Probability: Modular
Approach. Mandaluyong City: Jose Rizal University Press, 2011.
Chua, Jedd Amerson S. Soaring 21st Century Mathematics: Statistics and
Probability. Quezon City: Phoenix Publishing House Inc., 2016.
De Guzman, Danilo. Statistics and Probability. Quezon City: C & E
Publishing Inc, 2017.
Punzalan, Joyce Raymond B. Senior High School Statistics and Probability.
Malaysia: Oxford Publishing, 2018.
Sirug, Winston S. Statistics and Probability for Senior High School CORE
Subject A Comprehensive Approach K to 12 Curriculum Compliant.
Manila: Mindshapers Co., Inc., 2017.

Online Resources

LaMorte, Wayne W. “Central Limit Theorem (CLT).” Accessed May 27, 2020
http://sphweb.bumc.bu.edu/otlt/MPHModules/BS/BS704_Probabili
ty/ BS704_Probability12.html
MacEwan University. “1 Hypotheses Test About µ If σ Is Not Known.”
Accessed May 27, 2020. https://academic.macewan.ca/burok/
Stat141/notes/ttests.pdf
Nigam, Vibhor. “Statistical Tests - When to Use Which?” Accessed May 26,
2020. https://towardsdatascience.com/statistical-tests-when-to-use-
which-704557554740

Quizziz. “Hypothesis Testing.” Accessed May 27,2020 https://quizizz.com/

admin/quiz/ 5e71a2de8318d3001f64551f/ identify-hypothesis-
tests-sample
Saylordotorg. “Large Sample Tests for a Population Mean” Accessed June 5,
2020. https://saylordotorg.github.io/text_introductory-
statistics/s12-02-large-sample-tests-for-a-popul.html
Saylorddotorg. “Small Sample Tests for a Population Mean” Accessed June
5, 2020. https://saylordotorg.github.io/text_introductory-statistics/s12-04-
small-sample-tests-for-a-popul.html

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