Topic: Paddle Type Agitator: Guided By: Prof .Jigna S.Patel

Topic : Paddle type Agitator
Guided By: Prof .Jigna S.Patel

Group Members
Sr No. Name PEN

1 Jogani Darshan B. 130840105015
2 Rangani Jaydeep V. 130840105044
3 Tholiya Nitin M. 130840105056
 AGITATION
 Agitation refers to forcing a fluid by mechanical means

to flow in a circulatory or other pattern inside a vessel.
 Mixing usually implies the taking of two or more

separate phases, such as a fluid and a powdered solid or
two fluids, and causing them to be randomly distributed
through one another.
Purpose of Agitation
1. Blending of two miscible liquids, such as ethyl alcohol
and water.
2. Dissolving solids in liquids, such as salt in water.
3. Dispersing a gas in a liquid as fine bubbles,
- such as oxygen from air in a suspension of
microorganisms for fermentation or for the activated
sludge process in waste treatment.
4. Suspending of fine solid particles in a liquid,
- in the catalytic hydrogenation of a liquid, solid catalyst
particles and hydrogen bubbles are dispersed in the liquid.
5. Agitation of the fluid to increase heat transfer between the
fluid and a coil or jacket in the vessel wall.
Equipment for Agitation
1) Three-blade propeller agitator

2) Paddle agitators
3) Turbine agitators
4) Helical-ribbon agitators
 Paddle Agitators
 often used at low speeds, between about 20 and 200 rpm.

 Two-bladed and four-bladed flat paddles are often used, as shown
in Fig.
 Various types of agitators: (a) four-blade paddle, (b) gate or anchor
paddle, (c) six-blade open turbine, (d) pitched-blade (45 ) turbine.
 At low speeds mild agitation is obtained in an unbaffled
vessel.
 At higher speeds, baffles are used
- since, without baffles, the liquid is simply swirled around
with little actual mixing.
 The paddle agitator is ineffective for suspending solids
- since good radial flow is present but little vertical or axial
flow.
 An anchor or gate paddle, shown in Fig. 3.4-2b, is often
used.
 It is used with viscous liquids where deposits on walls can
occur and to improve heat transfer to the walls.
 However, it is a poor mixer. Paddle agitators are often used
to process starch pastes, paints, adhesives, and cosmetics.
Agitated Vessel
Power Used in Agitated Vessel
In the design of an agitated vessel, an important factor is the
power required to drive the impeller.
Empirical correlations have been developed to predict the power
required.
'
Reynolds number, N Re is defined as:
Da2 N
'
N Re 
Where:

Da = impeller (agitator) diameter (m)
N = rotational speed (rev/s)
ρ = fluid density (kg/m3)
µ = fluid viscosity (kg/m.s)
Power consumption is related to fluid 'density ρ, fluid
N Re
viscosity µ, rotational speed N and impeller diameter Da
by plots of power number Np versus
The power number is defined as:
P
Np 
N Da (SI)
3 5
Pg c
Np 
N 3 Da5 (English)
Where P = power (J/s) or (W). In English units, P =ft.lbf/s.

Figure shows the power correlations for various impellers
and baffles.
Agitator Scale-Up
 Scale-up the laboratory-size or pilot-size agitation system to a
full-scale unit.
 Scale-up procedure:
1. Calculate the scale-up ratio R. Assuming that the original
vessel is a standard cylinder with DT1 = H1, the volume is:
 DT21   DT31 
V1   ( H1 )   
 4   4 
The ratio of the volume is
V2  DT22 / 4   DT3 2 
  ( H1 )   3 
V1  DT 1 / 4 
2
 DT 1 
The scale-up ratio is then
1/ 3
V  D 
R   2    T 2 
 V1   DT 1 
2. Using this value of R, apply it to all of the dimensions in
Table 3.4-1 to calculate the new dimensions. For Example,
Da2 = RDa1, J2 = RJ1…
3. Determine the agitator speed N2, to be used to duplicate the

small scale results using N1. The equation is:
n
 DT 1 
n
1
N 2  N1    N1  
R  DT 2 
Where n = 1 for equal liquid motion, n = ¾ for equal
suspension solids and n = 2/3 for equal rates of mass transfer
(which equivalent to equal power per unit volume, P1V1 =
P2V2 ). This value of n is based on empirical and theoretical
considerations.
4. Knowing N2, the power required can be determined using Eq.
(3.4-2) and Figure 3.4-5.
where:
h is the heat-transfer coefficient for the agitated liquid to
the inner wall in W/m2.K,
Dt is the inside diameter of the tank in m,
k is thermal conductivity in W/m.K,
Da is diameter of agitator in m,
N is rotational speed in revolutions per sec,
ρ is fluid density in kg/m3,
µ is liquid viscosity in Pa.s
Reference:
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impellers
 Source: Myers, K., et al., Agitation for Success, the Chemical Engineer, Oct. 10, 1996.
Reproduced with permission of IChemE
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agitation
 W.J. Mead, Encyclopaedia of Chemical Process Equipment, Reinhold, New York, 1964
 Source: Penny, W. R. “Guide to trouble free mixers,” Chem. Eng., 77(12), 171, 1970.
 Source: Holland, F. A. and Bragg, R. Fluid Flow for Chemical Engineers, 2nd ed., Edward
Arnold, 1995.
 Source: Holland, F. A., and Chapman, F. S. Liquid Mixing and Processing in Stirred
tanks, Reinhold, New York, 1966.

Topic: Paddle Type Agitator: Guided By: Prof .Jigna S.Patel

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Topic: Paddle Type Agitator: Guided By: Prof .Jigna S.Patel

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Topic: Paddle Type Agitator: Guided By: Prof .Jigna S.Patel

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Topic : Paddle type Agitator

Guided By: Prof .Jigna S.Patel

Sr No. Name PEN

 Agitation refers to forcing a fluid by mechanical means

 Mixing usually implies the taking of two or more

1) Three-blade propeller agitator

 often used at low speeds, between about 20 and 200 rpm.

Where P = power (J/s) or (W). In English units, P =ft.lbf/s.

3. Determine the agitator speed N2, to be used to duplicate the

You might also like