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ELECTRIC CURRENT YAZEED AL THUBITI 12D

Vocabulary Review
Write the term that correctly completes the statement. Use each term once.

Ampere electric current resistor

Battery kilowatt-hour series connection
conventional current parallel connection superconductor
electric circuit resistance

1. ______superconductor___________________ A(n) ____ is a material with zero resistance.

2. _________resistance________________The ____ of a wire determines how much current there will be
through the wire when a potential difference is applied.
3. ________electric current_________________ The ____ is the flow of charged particles.
4. __________series connection_______________ In a(n) ____ , there is only one path for the
current.
5. _________ kilowatt-hour _______________ A(n) ____ is a unit of energy.
6. ___________parallel connection______________ In a(n) ____ , there is more than one path for
the current.
7. _________ampere________________ A(n) ____ is the unit of current.
8. __________electric circuit_______________ A(n) ____ is a closed loop in which electrons can
move.
9. __________battery_______________ A(n) ____ converts chemical energy to electrical energy.
10. __________conventional current_______________ A(n) ____ is the flow of positive charge.
11. __________resistor_______________ A(n) ____ is a device designed to have a specific
resistance.

SECTION 1 Current and Circuits

In your textbook, read about electric circuits.
For each statement below, write true or rewrite the italicized part to make the statement true.

1. ______positive___________________ Negative charge flows from a higher potential to a lower

potential.
2. ________positive charge_________________ The flow of electrons is called conventional current.

3. ________true _________________ The total charge passing through a point on a circuit is

the current multiplied by the time the charge flows.
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4. _________motor________________ Electrical energy is converted into mechanical energy in
a generator.
5. ____________true_____________ The number of electrons in a closed circuit does not
change.

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Write the term that correctly completes the statement.

A circuit includes a (6) ____charge pump____________________, which increases the potential

energy of the
charge, and a device that (7) ______reduces__________________ the potential energy of the
charge.
The potential energy lost by the charges is usually converted into another form of
(8) _____energy___________________. For example, a lamp converts electrical energy to
(9) ______light__________________ energy.

Read the passage below to answer questions 10–13.

A closed circuit consists of a battery of constant electric potential difference connected to a heater
with wires. Electrons are flowing through the circuit, causing the heater to transform electrical energy
into thermal energy.

10. Draw a sketch of the circuit.

11. What do the battery and the heater do to the electrons?

___ The battery increases the electric potential energy of the electrons and
the heater decreases the electric potential energy.
_______________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
12. What does the law of conservation of electric charge state?
__ The net quantity of electric charge, the amount of positive charge minus the amount
of negative charge in the universe, is always conserved.
__________________________________________________________________________________
13. Is it possible for the current leaving the heater to be different from the current entering the
heater? Why or why not?
_No if it is different this means there was a loss or gain of electrons in the resistor. Charge is
conserved________________________________________________________________________________
___
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________

In your textbook, read about rates of charge flow and energy transfer.
Circle the letter of the choice that best completes the statement.
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14. Power is measured in units called ______.
a. amperes c. kilowatt-hours
b. joules d. watts

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15. Current is measured in units called ______.

a. amperes c. potential
b. kilowatt-hours d. watts
16. If a 9.0-V battery delivers 0.50 A of current to a heater, the heater’s power is ______.
a. 0.056 W c. 9.0 W
b. 4.5 W d. 18 W
17. If a lightbulb is rated at 50 W, the amount of energy transformed in 30 minutes is ______.
a. 2 kWh c. 30 J
b. 30 kWh d. 90,000 J
Write the term that correctly completes the statement.
(18) __________power______________ measures the rate at which energy is transferred.
The formula for the power is (19) _____P=E/t___________________. The energy carried by an
electric current depends on the (20) ____charge____________________ transferred and the
(21) ____potential____________________ difference the charge undergoes. The formula for the
amount of energy transferred is (22) _____E=qV___________________. The rate of flow of
the charge is called the electric (23) ______current__________________. The formula for the rate
of flow of charge is (24) ____I=q/t____________________. Another formula for the power
delivered by an electric current is (25) _P=IV_______________________.

In your textbook, read about resistance and Ohm’s law.

Circle the letter of the choice that best completes the statement.

26. A 9.0-V battery is connected to a lamp. The current through the circuit is 0.30 A. The resistance
of the lamp is ______.
c. 0.030  c. 27 
d. 2.7  d. 30 
27. For a wire that obeys Ohm’s law, the resistance of a wire depends on the ______ the wire.
a. current in c. power delivered by
b. length of d. potential difference across
28. If a 200- resistor is connected to a 5-V battery, the current in the circuit will be ______.
e. 0.025 A c. 40 A
b. 2.5 A d. 1000 A

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29. A device that can be used to change the current in a circuit in a continuous way is a ______.
a. potentiometer c. motor
b. battery d. lamp
Answer the following questions.

30. Draw a circuit diagram with a resistor, ammeter, and battery. Connect the ammeter in series
with the other two components.

31. Draw a circuit diagram with a resistor, battery, and voltmeter. Connect the voltmeter in parallel
across the resistor. Draw another circuit diagram showing the voltmeter connected in parallel
across the battery.

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SECTION 2  Using Electrical Energy

In your textbook, read about energy transfer.
Answer the following questions. Show your calculations.

1. A 9.0-V battery is connected to a lightbulb with a resistance of 100 . What is the power
delivered to the lightbulb?

2. A source of potential difference of 110 V is used to operate a heater with a resistance of 220 .
How much energy is consumed in a 24-h day?

3. Why does a resistor heat up when there is an electric current through it?
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
4. List at least five appliances designed to convert electrical energy into thermal energy.
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
5. Is it OK to connect a 100-V toaster to a 220-V circuit? Why or why not? Explain.
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________

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For each description on the left, write the letter of the matching term on the right.

_______ 6.  converts mechanical energy to electrical energy a. heater

_______ 7.  designed to convert electrical energy to thermal energy b. battery

_______ 8.  converts electrical energy to mechanical energy c. solar cell

_______ 9.  designed to convert electrical energy to radiant energy d. generator

_______ 10. converts radiant energy to electrical energy e. lamp

_______ 11.  converts chemical energy to electrical energy f. motor

In your textbook, read about the transmission of electrical energy.

Circle the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

12. The formula for power loss in a wire is ______.

f. P  IR2 c. P  I2R
g. P  IR d. P  RV
13. In the transmission of electrical energy, some power is lost to thermal energy. Electrical
engineers call this unwanted thermal energy the ______.
a. joule heating loss c. output voltage
b. resistance d. long-distance line
14. The purpose of increasing the potential difference when transmitting electrical energy over long
distances is to ______.
a. decrease joule heating loss c. increase the current in wire
b. decrease the resistance d. increase kilowatt-hours
of the wires
15. The kilowatt-hour is a unit of ______.
a. current c. potential
b. energy d. power
16. A 60-W lightbulb illuminated day and night for 30 days consumes ______ of energy.
a. 43.2 J c. 1800 kWh
b. 43.2 kWh d. 1.5  1012 J
17. If a family’s electric bill is $74.00 per month and the cost of electricity is $0.12 per kWh, how much
electrical energy does the family use per month?
a. 8.9 kWh c. 620 kWh
b. 270 kWh d. 620  102 kWh

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 Chapter 22 Ÿ Electric Current

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