Plant Taxonomy (Spermatopsida, Seed Plants) : Arrangement: ©fong Khi Yung (Raffles Institution)
Plant Taxonomy (Spermatopsida, Seed Plants) : Arrangement: ©fong Khi Yung (Raffles Institution)
Plant Taxonomy (Spermatopsida, Seed Plants) : Arrangement: ©fong Khi Yung (Raffles Institution)
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Arrangement: ©Fong Khi Yung (Raffles Institution)
- Able to fix nitrogen with cyanobacteria in their roots; which produce neurotoxin
incorporated into their seeds
Magnoliophyta (Angiosperms)
- Distinctive features
• FLOWERING ORGANS – species-specific breeding system; allows domination of
terrestrial ecosystems
• STAMENS WITH 2 PAIRS OF POLLEN SACS – modified over time to prevent self-
fertilization
• 3-CELL MALE PARTS – male gametophyte largely reduced; shorter time
between pollination and fertilization allows faster production of seeds
• CLOSED CARPEL – prevents self-fertilization; carpel will develop into fruit
• REDUCED FEMALE GAMETOPHYTE (7 CELLS 8 NUCLEI)
• ENDOSPERM – highly nutritive tissue for developing embryo (triple fusion
nucleus formed during double fertilization)
- Magnoliids (Magnoliaceae)
• Fragrant-flowering trees and shrubs; usually bisexual flowers on branch tips;
pollinated by beetles. [Magnoliids evolved before butterflies and bees, so only
beetles were around then and they co-evolved from that point onwards.]
• 6 tepals (non-distinct sepals and petals, which evolved to protect bud and
attract pollinators), many stamens and many carpels
• Seeds hang by threads from conelike fruits
• Simple alternate leaves
• Large geological distribution altered by many major geologic events e.g.
continental drift, ice age, mountain formation
• Avocado, nutmeg, cinnamon, black pepper, magnolia (duh)
- Eudicotyledons (dicots)
• Monophyletic based on tricolpate pollen and DNA
• Cyclic flowers (petals in whorls; different outer/inner perianth of sepals/petals)
• Family names end in –aceae
• Ranunculaceae (Buttercup family)
✓ Mostly herbaceous
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Arrangement: ©Fong Khi Yung (Raffles Institution)
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Arrangement: ©Fong Khi Yung (Raffles Institution)
✓ Many species prefer outcrossing but many weedy species are selfing
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Arrangement: ©Fong Khi Yung (Raffles Institution)
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Arrangement: ©Fong Khi Yung (Raffles Institution)
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Arrangement: ©Fong Khi Yung (Raffles Institution)
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