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    Lab Practical 1 Agr558 (Syazwan Nasir) (2019508029)

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    Noor Syazwan Nasir
    This document discusses the components and functions of a farm tractor. It identifies the major external and internal components of a tractor including the engine, steering wheel, cab, fuel tank, levers, power takeoff shaft, hitch, driving wheels, and gearbox. It explains that tractors typically have larger rear wheels than front wheels to help distribute the tractor's weight and provide better traction. Tractor selection is influenced by factors like land size, cropping patterns, soil and climate conditions, repair availability, costs, and test reports. Properly maintaining tractors is important for their effective operation in agriculture.

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    Lab Practical 1 Agr558 (Syazwan Nasir) (2019508029)

    Uploaded by

    Noor Syazwan Nasir
    706 views8 pages
    This document discusses the components and functions of a farm tractor. It identifies the major external and internal components of a tractor including the engine, steering wheel, cab, fuel tank, levers, power takeoff shaft, hitch, driving wheels, and gearbox. It explains that tractors typically have larger rear wheels than front wheels to help distribute the tractor's weight and provide better traction. Tractor selection is influenced by factors like land size, cropping patterns, soil and climate conditions, repair availability, costs, and test reports. Properly maintaining tractors is important for their effective operation in agriculture.

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    LAB PRACTICAL 1 AGR558 (SYAZWAN NASIR) (2019508029)

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    This document discusses the components and functions of a farm tractor. It identifies the major external and internal components of a tractor including the engine, steering wheel, cab, fuel tank, levers, power takeoff shaft, hitch, driving wheels, and gearbox. It explains that tractors typically have larger rear wheels than front wheels to help distribute the tractor's weight and provide better traction. Tractor selection is influenced by factors like land size, cropping patterns, soil and climate conditions, repair availability, costs, and test reports. Properly maintaining tractors is important for their effective operation in agriculture.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    706 views8 pages

    Lab Practical 1 Agr558 (Syazwan Nasir) (2019508029)

    Uploaded by

    Noor Syazwan Nasir
    This document discusses the components and functions of a farm tractor. It identifies the major external and internal components of a tractor including the engine, steering wheel, cab, fuel tank, levers, power takeoff shaft, hitch, driving wheels, and gearbox. It explains that tractors typically have larger rear wheels than front wheels to help distribute the tractor's weight and provide better traction. Tractor selection is influenced by factors like land size, cropping patterns, soil and climate conditions, repair availability, costs, and test reports. Properly maintaining tractors is important for their effective operation in agriculture.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 8

    FACULTY OF PLANTATION AND AGROTECHNOLOGY (FPA)

    UiTM MELAKA JASIN CAMPUS


    BACHELOR OF SCIENCE AGROTECHNOLOGY AGRONOMY

    LAB PRACTICAL 1
    AGR558 (AGRICULTURAL
    MECHANIZATION AND AUTOMATION)

    NAME : NOOR SYAZWAN BIN NASIR


    ID NUMBER : 2019508029
    CLASS : M3AT2224A

    PREPARED FOR: MADAM SAMIHAH BINTI MUSTAFFHA


    INTRODUCTION

    In the field of agriculture, the introduction of tractor vehicles (tractorisation) with guided
    technologies has increased grossly. In a poor and most unpleasant climate, agricultural
    tractors work and as such, must be properly maintained to perform their desired functions
    effectively. Generally, farm engines are used to power stationary machinery or equipment
    mounted on the back of a human.

    OBJECTIVE

    1. To identify the major component of a farm tractor with its function.


    2. To identify the type of farm tractor.

    APPARATUS AND METHOD

    Based on the observation from video link:


    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P325ZdWSC7c&list=LL&index=1&t=206s

    RESULT AND QUESTION

    Based on the observation through the video link, there are several components of four -wheel
    tractor that has been stated such as:

    External Ballast, engine hood, front wheel, muffler, steps, handhold, rear
    components wheel, side mirror, roll-over protective structure (ROPS), three-point
    link, implement, attachment, tail and working light.

    Control and Steering wheel, ignition key and switch, foot throttle pedal, hand
    instruments throttle lever, range lever, gear-shift lever, shuttle shift lever,
    device differential lock pedal, right brake pedal, left brake pedal, parking
    brake lever, seat, hydraulic draft lever, hydraulic position lever, and
    PTO control lever

    Instrument panel/ gauges, switches, water temperature gauge, tachometer, fuel


    dashboard gauge, turn signal light switches

    Component Transmission system, Electrical and starting system, Fuel system,


    system of the and cooling system
    tractor
    Answer of the question - Major component of farm tractor

    1. Engine - converts the heat energy of fuel into mechanical work by burning the fuel
    inside the engine.

    Figure 1: The picture of engine tractor

    2. Steering wheel - to control the direction of motion of the vehicle and provide
    directional stability

    Figure 2: The picture of the steering wheel

    3. Cab - to provide comfortable environment for an operator and as a protection from


    vibrations and noise

    Figure 3: The picture of tractor cab


    4. Fuel tank – a safe container for flammable fluids

    Figure 4: The picture of fuel tank of a farm tractor

    5. Levers of toolbar assembly


    • Stop button or key - the most important control mechanism on the tractor

    Figure 5: The picture of control panels

    • Brake - to aid steering and improve the turning radius of the tractor.
    • Clutch pedal - to disengage the drive train from the engine and change
    gears.
    • Throttle - The hand and foot throttle are used to control the engine speed

    Foot
    Brakes
    Clutch throttle

    Figure 6: The picture of clutch, brakes and foot throttle


    • Gear lever: to control ground speed. The first lever will be a high and low
    range lever and the second lever will normally have 3‐4 forward and 1
    reverse gear

    Gear
    level

    Hand
    throttle

    Figure 7: The picture of gear lever and hand throttle

    6. Power take off shaft - to attach equipment to tractor like mowers, rotary tillers, and
    pumps

    Figure 8: The picture of power takes off shaf t

    7. Hitch – a combination of articulated points and links to counteract a draft force of an


    implement or draft producing body
    Figure 9: The picture of tractor with electro-hydraulic hitch system (1) Force sensor
    in shaft (2) Angle sensor (3) Electro-hydraulic proportional valve Main drive

    8. Driving wheel – The two wheel driving with big rear and small front wheels prevent
    the tractor from sinking

    Figure 10: The picture of a tractor

    9. Gear box – mechanism that changes the input drive speed to a lower or higher
    output speed or reverses the direction of rotation

    Figure 11: The picture of gearbox design in agriculture tractor


    DISCUSSION

    1. It is very common to see the rear tires of a tractor are larger than the front tire.
    Discuss the reasons behind this.

    To spread the weight evenly, rear tires will help to cover a bigger surface area.
    The heavy pulling load on the rear wheels behind the tractor will create great pressure.
    The grip or traction of the soil needs to be improved. The bigger rear wheels do the
    gripping job perfectly. The front wheels, meanwhile, used smaller wheels to provide a
    greater steering radius, making it easier to turn tight corners. Covering the maximum
    area of the field while performing various jobs such as ploughing, sowing and
    harvesting is important. For ease of control, being lightweight and compact is also very
    helpful. In addition, the tractor's wide rear wheels fix the driver's seat at a greater height,
    ensuring clear visibility of the tractor's nose and the corners of the f ield it ploughs.

    2. Discuss the factors affecting farm tractor selection.


    • Land holding: for example, under a single cropping pattern, it is
    recommended to consider 1 hp for every 1 hectares of land.
    • Cropping pattern: Generally less than 1.0 hectare/hp recommended where
    adequate irrigation facilities are available and more than one crop is taken. So
    a 30-35 hp tractor is suitable for 25 hectares farm.
    • Soil condition: A tractor with less wheel base, higher ground clearance and
    low overall weight may work successfully in lighter soil.
    • Climatic condition: The farmer can select whether air cooled engines or
    water-cooled engines.
    • Repairing facilities: Tractor should to be purchased in nearer location with
    the technical skills for repair and maintenance.
    • Running cost: Tractors with less specific fuel consumption should be
    preferred over others so that running cost may be less.
    • Initial cost and resale value: While keeping the resale value in mind, the
    initial cost should not be very high; otherwise higher amount of interest will
    have to be paid.
    • Test report: Test report of tractors released from farm machinery testing
    stations should be consulted for guidance.
    CONCLUSION

    Basically, a tractor is a vehicle that provides machine power for the performance of
    agricultural tasks. For plowing, planting, cultivating, fertilizing, and harvesting crops, tractors
    can be used to pull a variety of farm implements and can also be used for hauling materials
    and personal transportation.

    REFERENCES

    White, William. “Economic History of Tractors in the United States”. EH.Net Encyclopedia,
    edited by Robert Whaples. March 26, 2008.

    Tsukasa Azuma. Why Tractors Have Bigger Rear Wheels & Smaller Front Wheels. March
    29, 2019

    "The farm tractor, part.1 - how the engine works," Journal of the Department of Agriculture,
    Western Australia, Series 3: Vol. 3 : No. 2 , Article 3. (1954)

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