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    4.1 Trigonometric Fourier Series

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    Aiden An Camre
    This document introduces trigonometric Fourier series as a way to express a signal x(t) defined over a time interval as a sum of sinusoidal components. It provides the mathematical expression for a Fourier series and explains how to compute the coefficients. As an example, it uses a Fourier series to approximate the signal x(t)=e^-t from 0 to 3 terms. It demonstrates that more terms provides a better approximation and examines the properties of linearity, time shifting, and time reversal for Fourier series. Finally, it provides four tasks to apply Fourier series approximations and analysis.

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    4.1 Trigonometric Fourier Series

    Uploaded by

    Aiden An Camre
    28 views8 pages
    This document introduces trigonometric Fourier series as a way to express a signal x(t) defined over a time interval as a sum of sinusoidal components. It provides the mathematical expression for a Fourier series and explains how to compute the coefficients. As an example, it uses a Fourier series to approximate the signal x(t)=e^-t from 0 to 3 terms. It demonstrates that more terms provides a better approximation and examines the properties of linearity, time shifting, and time reversal for Fourier series. Finally, it provides four tasks to apply Fourier series approximations and analysis.

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    comm_lab4

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    This document introduces trigonometric Fourier series as a way to express a signal x(t) defined over a time interval as a sum of sinusoidal components. It provides the mathematical expression for a Fourier series and explains how to compute the coefficients. As an example, it uses a Fourier series to approximate the signal x(t)=e^-t from 0 to 3 terms. It demonstrates that more terms provides a better approximation and examines the properties of linearity, time shifting, and time reversal for Fourier series. Finally, it provides four tasks to apply Fourier series approximations and analysis.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    28 views8 pages

    4.1 Trigonometric Fourier Series

    Uploaded by

    Aiden An Camre
    This document introduces trigonometric Fourier series as a way to express a signal x(t) defined over a time interval as a sum of sinusoidal components. It provides the mathematical expression for a Fourier series and explains how to compute the coefficients. As an example, it uses a Fourier series to approximate the signal x(t)=e^-t from 0 to 3 terms. It demonstrates that more terms provides a better approximation and examines the properties of linearity, time shifting, and time reversal for Fourier series. Finally, it provides four tasks to apply Fourier series approximations and analysis.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 8

    Lab 4-Trigonometric Fourier Series

    4.1 Trigonometric Fourier Series:

    A second form of Fourier series is introduced in this section. Suppose that a signal x(t) is defined in
    the time interval t0 , t0  T  . Then x(t) , by using the trigonometric Fourier series, can be

    expressed in time interval t0 , t0  T  as a sum of sinusoidal signals, namely, sines and cosines,
    where each signal has frequency k0 rad/s.

    The mathematical expression (equation 4.1) is


     

    x(t)  a0   bk cos(k 0t)  ck sin(k0 t)


    k 1 k 1

    The coefficients a0 , b1 , b2 , . . ., c1 , c2 , . . . of the trigonometric Fourier series are computed by

    Example:

    The signal that will be expanded is the same signal used at the previous example. Thus, the
    problem is to expand in trigonometric Fourier series the signal x(t)  et , 0  t  3.

    First the trigonometric Fourier coefficients bn , cn and the dc component a0 are computed
    according to equations 4.3, 4.4 and 4.2, respectively, for n  1, 2,..., 200 . Next, approximated x(t) is
    according to the relationship (equation 4.5)
    N N

    x(t)  a0   bk cos(k 0t)  ck sin(k0 t)


    k 1 k 1
    Commands Results/Comments
    T=3; Definition of t0  0,T  3, 0  2 T and of the
    t0=0;
    w=2*pi/T; signal x(t)
    syms t
    a0=(1/T)*int(x,t,t0,t0+T); Computation of trigonometric coefficients
    for n=1:200
    b(n)=(2/T)*int(x*cos(n*w*t),t,t0,t0+T); according to equations 4.2, 4.3 and 4.4.
    end
    for n=1:200
    c(n)=(2/T)*int(x*sin(n*w*t),t,t0,t0+T);
    end
    k=1:200; The signal x(t) is approximated by equation
    xx=a0+sum(b.*cos(k*w*t))+sum(c.*sin(k*w*t))
    10.1 or more precisely from equation 4.5 with
    N=200.
    ezplot(xx, [t0 t0+T]); Graph of the approximate signal xx(t ) that was
    title('Approximation with 201 terms')
    computed by the terms of the trigonometric
    Fourier series.

    The approximation with 201 terms of the


    original signal x(t) is very good.

    In order to understand the importance of the number terms used for the approximation of the
    original signal x(t) , the approximate signal xx(t) is constructed for different values of n .
    Approximation with five terms ( n  1,..., 5 )

    Commands Results/Comments
    clear b c When the signal is approximated with 5 terms,
    for n=1:5
    b(n)=(2/T)*int(x*cos(n*w*t),t,t0,t0+T); it is pretty dissimilar to the original signal.
    c(n)=(2/T)*int(x*sin(n*w*t),t,t0,t0+T);
    end
    k=1:5;
    xx=a0+sum(b.*cos(k*w*t))+sum(c.*sin(k*w*t))
    ezplot(xx, [t0 t0+T]);
    title('Approximation with 6 terms')

    Approximation with 20 terms ( n  1,..., 20 )


    Commands Results/Comments
    for n=1:20 The approximated signal xx(t ) is now

    end
    k=1:20; quite satisfactory.
    xx=a0+sum(b.*cos(k*w*t))
    +sum(c.*sin(k*w*t));
    ezplot(xx, [t0 t0+T]);
    title('Approximation with 21 terms')

    Properties of Fourier Series:

    Linearity
    Time Shifting
    Time Reversal
    Tasks
    Task 01: The periodic signal x(t) is defined in one period as x(t)  tet , 0  t  6 . Plot approximate
    signal using 81 terms of trigonometric form of Fourier series.

    Task 02: Plot the coefficients of the trigonometric Fourier series for the periodic signal that in one
    period is defined by x(t)  et ,  3  t  3 .

    Task 03: The periodic signal x(t) in a period is given by


    1, 0  t  1
    x(t)  
    0, 1  t  2
    Plot in one period the approximate signals using 41 and 201 term of the trigonometric Fourier
    series. Furthermore, each time plot the complex exponential coefficients.

    Task 04: The periodic signal x(t) in a period is given by


     1, 0  t 1
    x(t)  
    2  t, 1  t  2
    Calculate the approximation percentage when the signal x(t) is approximated by 3, 5, 7, and 17
    terms of the trigometric Fourier series. Furthermore, plot the signal in each case.

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