CHEMISTRY

1.) Which of the following natural poisons is the deadliest?

a.) digitoxin (from foxglove)
b.) palytoxin carboxylic acid (from Hawaiian coral)
c.) coniine (from hemlock)
d.) batrachotoxin (from poison arrow frogs)
answer:b

2.) What is the most abundant metal in the earth's crust?

a.) magnesium
b.) calcium
c.) aluminum
d.) iron
answer:c

3.) What is aqua regia?

a.) an acid mixture that dissolves gold
b.) a purple pigment
c.) supercooled water
d.) a hormone produced by queen bees
answer:a

4.) Which of the following contains the highest percentage of lead?

a.) pewter
b.) lead shot
c.) type metal
d.) lead solder
answer:b

5.) Which of the following salts has a solubility that decreases as temperature increases?
a.) Li2CO3
b.) Cs2CO3
c.) Rb2CO3
d.) K2CO3
answer:a

6.) Which of the following pH's for a rain sample would be considered "acid rain"?
a.) 8
b.) 4
c.) 5
d.) 7
answer:b

7.) The 1938 edition of the CRC handbook lists "Alabamine" as an element. The element was named for the state of
Alabama and had the symbol Ab. What is the modern name for alabamine?
a.) niobium
b.) promethium
c.) astatine
d.) francium
answer:c
8.) Salts of which of the following elements make blue fireworks blue?
a.) potassium
b.) strontium
c.) barium
d.) copper
answer:d

9.) Chlorine was called chlorine because:

a.) it was first isolated in Chlorox(TM) bleach
b.) it is yellow-green
c.) its discoverer's daughter was named Chloe
d.) it is a powerful oxidizing agent
answer:b

10.) Many laboratory fires are caused by "flashback" that occurs when the vapors of flammable organic solvents come
into contact with a burner or heater. Nearly all organic vapors are heavier than air and so flow along table top surfaces.
Which of the following flammable vapors will NOT behave in this manner?
a.) butane
b.) diethyl ether
c.) petroleum ether
d.) carbon monoxide
answer:d

11.) The candela is one of the seven base units in the SI system. It measures:
a.) luminous intensity
b.) combustion rate
c.) magnetism
d.) power
answer:a

12.) What is "piranha solution"?

a.) concentrated nitric acid
b.) a mixture of sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide
c.) solution used to digest lutfisk
d.) fuming sulfuric acid
answer:b

13.) What is a "Pauling Point"?

a.) a lethal dose of vitamin C
b.) the midpoint of a valence bond
c.) a model that minimizes both error and effort
d.) a point where electronegativity changes sign
answer:c

14.) How much plutonium would be required to make an atomic bomb as powerful as the one that devastated
Nagasaki in World War II?
a.) 1 to 3 kg
b.) 5 to 10 kg
c.) 20 to 30 kg
d.) 0.5 to 1 kg
answer:a
15.) Which of the following metals is added to steel in lighter flints to make it spark easily when struck?
a.) tantalum
b.) zirconium
c.) titanium
d.) cobalt
answer:b

16.) What is "diamond ink"?

a.) a mixture of HF, BaSO4, and fluorides for etching glass
b.) colloidal diamond ink for marking metal
c.) carbon disulfide-based ink for marking diamonds
d.) colloidal silver ink
answer:a

17.) Who discovered actinium, element 89?

a.) Irene Curie
b.) Marie Curie
c.) Glenn Seaborg
d.) André-Louis Debierne
answer:d

18.) What intermolecular forces do geckos use to stick to walls and ceilings?
a.) static ionic attractions
b.) van der Waals forces
c.) quadrupole-quadrupole attractions
d.) dipole-dipole attractions
answer:b

19.) Which element can be drawn into thinner wires and hammered into thinner sheets than any other element?
a.) Au
b.) Cu
c.) Mt
d.) Na
answer:a

20.) Copper objects that are exposed to moist air for a long time develop a green coating. The coating is primarily
made of:
a.) basic copper carbonate
b.) green vitriol
c.) copper(II) oxide
d.) copper(I) oxide
answer:a

21.) Which of the halogens is most abundant in nature?

a.) iodine
b.) astatine
c.) fluorine
d.) chlorine
answer:d

22.) Which element has the largest atoms?

a.) Cs
b.) Mt
c.) Fr
d.) U
answer:a
23.) Which of the following contains the highest percentage of gold?
a.) 18 carat white gold
b.) 18 carat yellow gold
c.) U. S. gold coins
d.) dental gold
answer:c

24.) What is "butter of arsenic"?

a.) pure white arsenic
b.) arsenous acid
c.) yellow arsenic
d.) arsenic trichloride
answer:d

25.) At room temperature, which element conducts electricity better than any other element?
a.) Ag
b.) Au
c.) Pb
d.) Cu
answer:a

26.) What is a doubly magic nucleus?

a.) a nucleus with a lobed shape
b.) a nucleus that can exist in two places simultaneously
c.) nuclei with a full shell of protons and a full shell of neutrons
d.) a nucleus with two magical spins
answer:c

27.) Acetylene torches and burners used by glassblowers produce intense ultraviolet light. Glassblowers wear special
glasses that contain which of the following elements to absorb the UV?
a.) neodymium and praseodymium
b.) ozone
c.) copper
d.) cerium
answer:a

28.) What is the smallest mass ever measured directly by a weighing scale?
a.) A 5 ng virus crystal
b.) A 10 microgram bacterial cell
c.) An electron
d.) A 22 femtogram graphite speck
answer:d

29.) Salts of which of the following metals are added to fireworks to make them brilliant red?
a.) potassium
b.) barium
c.) strontium
d.) iron
answer:c

30.) Which of the following is NOT one of the basic building blocks of proteins?
a.) phenylalanine
b.) purine
c.) serine
d.) praline answer:b
31.) Which of the following radioactive elements is used in household fire detectors?
a.) americium
b.) neptunium
c.) plutonium
d.) uranium
answer:a

32.) The Trauzl lead block test has been used for over a century to measure which of the following?
a.) how high one can pile a tower of blocks after lead exposure
b.) penetrating ability of ionizing radiation
c.) the darkness of pencil leads
d.) explosiveness
answer:d

33.) What makes sparklers spark?

a.) flaming aluminum flakes
b.) burning iron particles
c.) burning sulfur
d.) luminal
answer:b

34.) Poison ivy rashes are caused by:

a.) an intense allergic reaction to an otherwise harmless organic compound
b.) an organic oil that disrupts cell membranes
c.) a waxy organic base that interferes with fluid balance
d.) a corrosive organic acid produced by the leaves
answer:a

35.) Besides water, what chemical compound is used in greatest amounts by the global economy with little or no
preprocessing?
a.) NaCl
b.) CaCO3
c.) SiO2
d.) Cellulose
answer:c

36.) The spectrum of sunspots is more complex than the spectrum of the rest of the sun. This is because:
a.) metallic elements concentrate in sunspots
b.) more molecules are present in sunspots
c.) sunspots are more turbulent
d.) more ions are present in sunspots
answer:b

37.) Oxygen "always" has an oxidation number of -2. But there are several exceptions. In which of the following
compounds and ions does oxygen have an oxidation number of +2?
a.) O2F2
b.) H2O2
c.) O3-
d.) OF2
answer:a

38.) All U. S. coins are alloys that always contain some amount of:
a.) gold
b.) silver
c.) copper
d.) nickel answer:c
39.) On a clear, moonless night, it's still possible to see by the light of the sky. Where does most of the light come
from?
a.) dust that scatters light all the way from the dayside of the earth
b.) chemiluminescent chemical reactions
c.) the Big Bang
d.) solar wind
answer:b

40.) Hypatia of Alexandria was one of the first well known teachers of science. One of her many inventions was:
a.) an apparatus for distilling water
b.) the first weight scale
c.) papermaking
d.) indigo dye
answer:a

41.) What is "liver of sulfur"?

a.) potassium sulfide
b.) a crystal form of sulfur
c.) lead sulfide
d.) a condition caused by sulfide poisoning
answer:a

42.) What deadly poison sometimes contaminates peanuts?

a.) Plutonium
b.) Cyanide
c.) Ricin
d.) Aflatoxtin
Answer:d

43.) The 1938 edition of the CRC handbook lists "Virginium" as an element. The element was named for the state of
Virginia and had the symbol Va. What is the modern name for virginium?
a.) promethium
b.) astatine
c.) francium
d.) technetium
answer:c

44.) Meitnerium (element 109) is an artificially produced element. Which of the following is the size of the first
meitnerium sample ever produced?
a.) 10 atoms
b.) 1 atom
c.) 1 g
d.) 1 ng
answer:b

45.) Which element is the most powerful oxidizing agent?

a.) fluorine
b.) chlorine
c.) potassium
d.) oxygen
answer:a
46.) What is the minimum number of photons that must reach the retina each second to produce vision?
a.) 2 × 109
b.) 2× 106
c.) 2× 103
d.) 20
answer:d

47.) An isotope near the neutron drip line:

a.) has so many extra neutrons that additional ones won't bind to it
b.) captures neutrons that drip from other nuclei
c.) "drips" a stream of neutrons until it becomes stable
d.) has a teardroplike configuration
answer:a

48.) Alchemists in ancient Egypt tested gold for purity by remelting it and heating it. If the gold became whiter, it
contained:
a.) copper
b.) lead
c.) silver
d.) tin
answer:c

49.) Which of the "rare" gases is the most common in the atmosphere?
a.) helium
b.) xenon
c.) argon
d.) radon
answer:c

50.) Which of the following is the smallest container that could hide enough plutonium to make an atomic bomb
capable of destroying 40 city blocks?
a.) an automobile trunk
b.) A soft drink can
c.) a coffee can
d.) a small van
answer:b

51.) The 1938 edition of the CRC handbook lists "Masurium" as an element. The element was named for the German
province of Masur. What is the modern name for masurium?
a.) technetium
b.) francium
c.) niobium
d.) astatine
answer:a

52.) What is "Cardamist"?

a.) a spice
b.) a nervous gas
c.) a paper additive
d.) nitroglycerin
answer:d
53.) Arsphenamine has a common name: "606". Where did that name come from?
a.) It was the 606th and first successful compound in the search for a syphilis treatment.
b.) One gram of the compound is toxic enough to kill 606 mice.
c.) 606 is the compound's molecular weight.
d.) The molecule is shaped like the numerals in "606".
answer:a

54.) What is the most abundant type of atom in living things?

a.) oxygen
b.) hydrogen
c.) sodium
d.) carbon
answer:b

55.) An electromagnetic wave can be produced by

a.) a stationary uncharged particle
b.) a stationary charged particle
c.) an oscillating, uncharged particle
d.) an oscillating charged particle
answer:d

56.) When the wavelength of electromagnetic radiation is increased by 10 percent, the frequency of the radiation
a.) increases by 10 percent
b.) decreases to 10/11 its original value
c.) decreases by 10 percent
d.) is unchanged
answer:b

57.) When the frequency of electromagnetic radiation is increased by 10 percent, the energy of one photon of the
radiation
a.) is unchanged
b.) decreases by 10 percent
c.) increases by 10 percent
d.) decreases to 10/11 its original value
answer:c

58.) A quantum number n arises in the electron-on-a-wire model because

a.) the amplitude of the wave is restricted
b.) the de Broglie relation contains a quantum number
c.) the energy of a moving particle can take on any value
d.) the wavelength on the wire can take on only certain values
answer:d

59.) Increasing the wavelength of visible light

a.) shifts its color towards the red end of the spectrum
b.) increases its brightness
c.) shifts its color towards the blue end of the spectrum
d.) increases its saturation
answer:a

60.) The Pauli exclusion principle

a.) states that electrons have wavelike behavior
b.) limits the number of electrons that can occupy an orbital to 2.
c.) says that all electrons in an orbital have the same set of 4 quantum numbers.
d.) states that the ms quantum number must have values of -1/2 or +1/2.
answer:b
61.) Which of the following is not a property of particles?
a.) localization
b.) mass
c.) velocity
d.) diffraction
answer:d

62.) Which of the following electron transitions in a hydrogen atom results in the greatest release of energy?
a.) n=3 to n=4
b.) n=6 to n=4
c.) n=4 to n=6
d.) n=7 to n=5
answer:b

63.) Which of the following will have the largest de Broglie wavelength?
a.) a proton moving at 1000 m/s
b.) an electron moving at 10000 m/s
c.) an electron moving at 1000 m/s
d.) a hydrogen atom moving at 10000 m/s
answer:c

64.) Which of the following statements about d atomic orbitals is true?

a.) d orbitals have high amplitude at the nucleus.
b.) The probability of finding a d orbital electron at the nucleus is high.
c.) d orbitals are better at shielding outer electrons than s and p orbitals in the same shell.
d.) d orbitals are less penetrating than s and p orbitals in the same shell.
answer:d

65.) Which series of quantum numbers describes the highest occupied orbital in a ground state mercury atom?
a.) n=6, l=2
b.) n=5, l=2
c.) n=4, l=3
d.) n=6, l=0
answer:d

66.) An atom of silicon in its ground state has how many electrons with quantum number l=1?
a.) 14
b.) 2
c.) 8
d.) 28
answer:c

67.) Which of the following ionization energies will be highest?

a.) The first ionization energy of Ca
b.) The second ionization energy of K
c.) The second ionization energy of Ca
d.) The first ionization energy of K
answer:b

68.) Isoelectronic atoms and ions have identical

a.) electron affinity
b.) ionization energy
c.) electron configuration
d.) effective nuclear charge
answer:c
69.) Effective nuclear charge is
a.) the charge on the nucleus experienced by an electron when the shielding effect of other electrons is
accounted for
b.) the amount of energy required to remove an electron from the valence shell when the atom is in a
gaseous state
c.) the energy released when a proton is added to the nucleus
d.) the number of electrons that penetrate the nucleus
answer:a

70.) A hypothesis is
a.) a theory that has been proved
b.) obeyed under any circumstances.
c.) a description of a pattern or relationship in experimental data
d.) a tentative explanation for a natural phenomenon
answer:d

71.) A number of people become ill after eating dinner in a restaurant. Which of the following statements is a
hypothesis?
a.) Bacteria in the oysters may have caused the illness.
b.) Everyone who ate oysters got sick.
c.) The cooks felt really bad about it.
d.) People got sick whether the oysters were raw or cooked.
answer:a

72.) Which of the following statements is a law?

a.) Higher altitude means lower boiling points for water, all other things
held equal.
b.) An egg cooks in 17 minutes at sea level.
c.) An egg cooked for 27 minutes in Baltimore was badly overcooked.
d.) An egg takes less time to cook in Baltimore than in Denver.
answer:a

73.) The statement, "Osmium has a density of 22.59 g/mL, which makes it the densest element known" is an example
of:
a.) an experimental observation
b.) a hypothesis
c.) a law
d.) a theory
answer:a

74.) The statement, "A chemical reaction never creates products that weigh more or less than the reactants", is based
on three centuries of experimental observation. The statement is an example of:
a.) a law
b.) a datum
c.) a theory
d.) a hypothesis
answer:a

75.) A natural law is

a.) an explanation that has been proved
b.) obeyed under any circumstances.
c.) a tentative explanation for a natural phenomenon
d.) a description of a pattern or relationship in experimental data
answer:d
76.) Vanillin contains 63.15% C, 5.30% H, and 31.55% O whether it is extracted from vanilla beans, synthesized
chemically from clove oils, or extracted from wood pulp wastes. Vanillin is most likely to be:
a.) a solution of C in H and O
b.) a compound of C, H, and O
c.) a heterogeous mixture of elements
d.) a homogenous mixture of elements
answer:b

77.) A blue crystalline material is heated strongly in a test tube. A clear liquid condenses around the mouth of the tube
and the crystals gradually lose their blue color and become white powder. Every gram of blue crystal produces 0.36 g
of clear liquid and 0.64 g of colorless powder. The same weight relationships are observed for samples of the crystals
taken from many different sources. These observations are consistent with the hypothesis that the blue crystals are:
a.) a heterogeous mixture
b.) an element
c.) a wet salt
d.) a compound
answer:d

78.) The meteorite ALH84001 contains tiny bubbles of gas trapped in the rock. The chemical composition of the gas in
these bubbles matches the composition of the Martian atmosphere as determined by Viking spacecraft in the 1970's.
The meteorite is an example of a(n)
a.) binary compound
b.) heterogeneous mixture
c.) solution
d.) homogeneous mixture
answer:b

79.) A solid melts gradually between 85°C and 95°C to give a milky, oily liquid. When a laser beam shines through the
liquid, the path of the beam is clearly visible. The milky liquid is likely to be:
a.) a heterogenous mixture
b.) a solution
c.) a compound
d.) an element
answer:c

80.) Smoke is an example of a(n):

a.) gaseous solution
b.) compound
c.) homogeneous mixture
d.) heterogeneous mixture
answer:d

81.) Antoine Lavoisier, the "father of chemistry", listed lime as a chemical element in his table of 33 known elements.
Which of the following observations shows that lime cannot be an element?
a.) Lime reacts with water, generating a large amount of heat.
b.) When a certain soft metal is burned in oxygen,
lime is produced(with no other products).
c.) Lime melts at a temperature of 2572°C.
d.) Lime and carbon dioxide are produced when limestone is roasted.
answer:b

82.) Which of the following is a physical property?

a.) corrosiveness
b.) temperature
c.) toxicity
d.) flammability answer:b
83.) Which of the following is an extensive property of coffee in a mug?
a.) temperature
b.) cream added per mL of coffee
c.) total mg of caffeine
d.) color
answer:c

84.) In order to decide whether a property is chemical or physical, you must know whether
a.) chemical or physical changes occur when the property is measured
b.) the property is intrinsic or extrinsic
c.) the property involves matter or energy
d.) measuring the property changes mass or energy
answer:a

85.) Which of the following is an intensive property?

a.) weight
b.) density
c.) number of atoms
d.) volume
answer:b

86.) The specific volume of a substance is the the volume per gram of substance. Specific volume is an example of
a.) a physical, intensive property
b.) a physical, extensive property
c.) a chemical, intensive property
d.) a chemical, extensive property
answer:a

87.) Which of the following is a chemical property of a slice of chocolate cake?

a.) color
b.) dietary calories
c.) volume
d.) mass
answer:b

88.) Which of the following is an extensive property?

a.) volume
b.) hardness
c.) melting point
d.) color
answer:a

89.) Which of the following is an intensive chemical property of a box of raisins?

a.) total number of raisins
b.) total calories
c.) total grams
d.) calories per serving
answer:d

90.) Which of the following is an extensive property of a bubble of air?

a.) percent oxygen
b.) temperature
c.) radius
d.) density
answer:c
91.) Dalton suggested that atoms were indestructible and unchangeable to explain:
a.) why mass is conserved in chemical reactions
b.) why compounds combine in fixed weight ratios in chemical reactions
c.) why elements combine in fixed weight ratios to form compounds
d.) why elements are characterized by the mass of their atoms
answer:a

92.) Hydrogen combines with nitrogen in a 3:14 weight ratio to form ammonia. If every molecule of ammonia contains
three atoms of hydrogen and one atom of nitrogen, an atom of nitrogen must weigh:
a.) 14 times the mass of a hydrogen atom
b.) 3 times the mass of a hydrogen atom
c.) 3/14 times the mass of a hydrogen atom
d.) 14/3 times the mass of a hydrogen atom
answer:a

93.) Which of the following is not a postulate of Dalton's atomic theory?

a.) different elements have atoms of different masses
b.) atoms combine in simple whole number ratios to form compounds
c.) chemical change is a rearrangement of atoms
d.) atoms of a single element can have different masses
answer:d

94.) Hydrogen combines with oxygen in a 1:8 weight ratio to form water. If every molecule of water contains two atoms
of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen, an atom of oxygen must weigh:
a.) 1/16 times the mass of a hydrogen atom
b.) 1/8 times the mass of a hydrogen atom
c.) 8 times the mass of a hydrogen atom
d.) 16 times the mass of a hydrogen atom
answer:d

95.) Dalton viewed chemical change as:

a.) a transfer of protons
b.) creation and destruction of atoms
c.) a change of atoms from one type into another
d.) a rearrangement of atoms
answer:d

96.) When elements react, their atoms combine in:

a.) a simple whole number ratio (unique for each pair of elements)
b.) triplets
c.) simple whole number ratios (more than one possible)
d.) pairs
answer:c

97.) Dalton said that elements are different distinguished from each other by:

a.) the shapes of their atoms

b.) the weights of their atoms
c.) the charge on their ions
d.) the density of their solid forms
answer:b
98.) Dalton based his relative atomic weight scale on:
a.) oxygen
b.) hydrogen
c.) helium
d.) carbon
answer:b

99.) The number of hydrogen atoms in 8 molecules of methanol, CH3OH, is

a.) 3
b.) 8
c.) 32
d.) 24
answer:c

100.) Phenylmercuric borate, (C6H5Hg)2HBO3, was once used as a mildewproofing agent. A wood sample sprayed
with 4.8 x 1018 molecules of phenylmercuric borate could contain how many mercury atoms?
a.) 2
b.) 2.4 x 10^18
c.) 4.8 x 10^18
d.) 9.6 x 10^18
answer:d