BioGT - Enzyme Notes - Digging Deeper in The Class of Proteins
BioGT - Enzyme Notes - Digging Deeper in The Class of Proteins
BioGT - Enzyme Notes - Digging Deeper in The Class of Proteins
Enzymes
Enzymes (Globular Protein)
1. Because each enzyme can only catalyze one type of chemical reaction, reactions can
only happen in the body where those enzymes are___located___________________.
2. Enzymes control __what__________chemical reactions happen __where_____ and
___how fast_________in the body so they generally run the body.
An Enzyme Demonstration
1. What are the two types of macromolecules discussed in this demonstration? Name the
specific macromolecules too. ____nucleic acids____and
carbohydrates_________________________
2. What type of reaction is being shown in the structural formulas?
_____halohydrin_________________________________________________
3. Explain what it means to be lactose intolerant and what is the direct cause of this? Hint:
Nucleic acids. ___when your small intestine dosen’t producer enough of an enzyme to
digest lactose ________________________________________________________
4. How can a person that is lactose intolerant enjoy dairy products? ________they can get
lactose free
products__________________________________________________________
Bottom Line…
Hydrolysis Reaction
1. Chemical reactions take place in your cells to break bonds between atoms of
macromolecules to return them back to their smaller building blocks.
2. Ex: Breaking down a carbohydrate to monosaccharides in digestion for energy use or
break down proteins to amino acids for protein synthesis in cells.
Things that affect enzyme activity and therefore all of the chemical reactions in a cell or body
1. Enzyme Concentration
2. ___substrate concentration_________________
3. Temperature
4. _pH_________________
5. ____co-enzymes________________ – vitamins – large organic molecule – fit into active
site and makes the substrate fit better
6. ___co-factors____________ – ions – fit into active site and make the substrate fit better
7. Inhibitors: Binds to enzymes and decreases their activity; blocking an enzyme can kill a
pathogen or correct a metabolic imbalance
a. ____competitive___________________ – fit into active site and block the real
substrate from getting in – no reaction when inhibitor is in active site
b. ____non-competitive____________________ – fits into a site other than active
site – changes shape of active site so it no longer works