Nadhira Ghina Ramadhanti - 13117112

2nd Assignment of MS2120 Basic Engineering Thermodynamics Semester I 2019/2020

1. Nitrogen gas within a piston-cylinder assembly undergoes a compression from p1 = 0.2 MPa,
V1=2.75 m3 to a state where p2 = 2 MPa. The relationship between pressure and volume during the
process is pV 1.35 = constant. For the Nitrogen, determine: (a) the volume at state 2, in m3, and (b)
the work, in kJ.

Known Nitrogen gas within a piston-cylinder assembly undergoes a compression for which 𝑝𝑉 𝑛 =
𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡.
Find 1. Volume at state 2 (𝑚3 ) 2. Work (𝑘𝐽)
Schematic and Given Data

𝑝𝑉1.35 = 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡

𝑉1 = 2.75 𝑚3
𝑝1 = 0.2 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝑝2 = 2 𝑀𝑃𝑎

Engineering Model 1. Closed System 2. Polytropic Process 3. Moving boundary is the only work mode
Analysis
1. 𝑝1 𝑉11.35 = 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 = 𝑝2 𝑉21.35
𝑝1 𝑉11.35 = 𝑝2 𝑉21.35
(0.2 𝑀𝑃𝑎)(2.75 𝑚3 )1.35 = (2 𝑀𝑃𝑎)𝑉21.35
𝑽𝟐 = 𝟎. 𝟒𝟗𝟗𝟔 𝒎𝟑

2.
𝑉2 𝑉2
𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡
𝑊1−2 = ∫ 𝑝 𝑑𝑉 = ∫ 𝑑𝑉
𝑉1 𝑉1 𝑉𝑛
(𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡)𝑉21−𝑛 − (𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡)𝑉11−𝑛
𝑊1−2 =
1−𝑛
Constant can be expressed as
𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 = 𝑝1 𝑉1𝑛 = 𝑝2 𝑉2𝑛
Thus the work expression becomes
(𝑝2 𝑉2𝑛 )𝑉21−𝑛 − (𝑝1 𝑉1𝑛 )𝑉11−𝑛 𝑝2 𝑉2 − 𝑝1 𝑉1
𝑊1−2 = =
1−𝑛 1−𝑛
(2 𝑀𝑃𝑎)(0.4996 𝑚 ) − (0.2 𝑀𝑃𝑎)(2.75 𝑚3 )
3
𝑊1−2 =
1 − 1.35
106 𝑁/𝑚2 1 𝑘𝐽
𝑊1−2 = (−1.2834286 𝑀𝑃𝑎 ∙ 𝑚3 )( )( 3 )
1 𝑀𝑃𝑎 10 𝑁 ∙ 𝑚
𝑾𝟏−𝟐 = −𝟏𝟐𝟖𝟑. 𝟒𝟐𝟖𝟔 𝒌𝑱
 Nadhira Ghina Ramadhanti - 13117112

2. Rigid and well-insulated tank contains non-reacting gas mixture with total volume of 0.5 m3.
Mixer is used to enhance mixing of the gases inside the tank. It is known from measurement that
total energy used by the mixer is 0.006 kWh. If the initial average gas density is 1.2 kg/m3, calculate
change of internal energy of the gas mixture [kJ/kg]

Known A Rigid and well-insulated tank contains non-reacting gas mixture. Mixer is used yo enhance
mixing of the gases inside the tank.
Find Change of internal energy of the gas mixture (𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔)
Schematic and Given Data
males bikin schematic
𝑉 = 0.5 𝑚3
𝑊𝑚𝑖𝑥𝑒𝑟 = 0.006 𝑘𝑊ℎ
𝜌𝑔𝑎𝑠 = 1.2 𝑘𝑔/𝑚3
Engineering Model 1. Closed System 2. No change of PE dan KE 3. No heat transfer through the
boundary
Analysis
An energy balance for the closed system takes the form
∆𝐾𝐸 + ∆𝑃𝐸 + ∆𝑈 = 𝑄 − 𝑊
0 + 0 + ∆𝑈 = 0 − 𝑊
1 𝑘𝐽 3600 𝑠
∆𝑈 = −(0.006 𝑘𝑊ℎ)( )( )
1 𝑘𝑊 ∙ 𝑠 1ℎ
∆𝑈 = 21.6 𝑘𝐽
Δ𝑈 = 𝑚(𝑢2 − 𝑢1 ) with 𝑚 = 𝑉 × 𝜌 = 0.5 𝑚3 × 1.2 𝑘𝑔/𝑚3 = 0.6 𝑘𝑔
thus
(0.6 𝑘𝑔)(𝑢2 − 𝑢1 ) = 21.6 𝑘𝐽
(𝒖𝟐 − 𝒖𝟏 ) = 𝟑𝟔 𝒌𝑱/𝒌𝒈
 Nadhira Ghina Ramadhanti - 13117112

3. Large wind turbines with blade span diameters of over 100 m are available for electric power
generation. Consider a wind turbine with a blade span diameter of 100 m installed at a site
subjected to steady winds at 8 m/s. Taking the overall efficiency of the wind turbine to be 32 percent
and the air density to be 1.25 kg/m3, determine the electric power generated by this wind turbine.
Also, assuming steady winds of 8 m/s during a 24-hour period, determine the amount of electric
energy and the revenue generated per day for a unit price of IDR 1200/kWh for electricity.

Known Large wind turbine are available for electric power generation.
Find 1. Electric power generated by the wind turbine 2. Amount of electric energy and the revenue
generated per day for a unit price of IDR 1200/kWh for electricity
Schematic and Given Data

𝑑 = 100 𝑚
𝑉 = 8 𝑚/𝑠
𝜂 = 32 %
𝜌𝑎𝑖𝑟 = 1.25 𝑘𝑔/𝑚3

Engineering Model 1. Steady wind flow with constant uniform velocity 2. Efficiency of the wind turbine
is independent
Analysis

Kinetic energy is the only form of mechanical energy the wind possesses, and it can be converted to
𝑉2
work entirely. Therefore, the power potential of the wind is its kinetic energy, which is per unit mass,
2
𝑚̇𝑉 2
and for a given mass flow rate :
2
𝑉 2 (8 𝑚/𝑠)2 1 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔
𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑐ℎ = 𝑘𝑒 = = = 0.032 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔
2 2 1000𝑚2/ 𝑠2
2
𝜋𝐷 𝜋(100 𝑚)2
𝑚̇ = 𝜌𝑉𝐴 = 𝜌𝑉 = (1.25 𝑘𝑔/𝑚3 )(8 𝑚/𝑠)( ) = 78,539.8168 𝑘𝑔/𝑠
4 4
𝑘𝑊
𝑊̇𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝐸̇𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝑚̇𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑐ℎ = (78,539.8168 𝑘𝑔/𝑠)(0.032 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔) = 2,513.2741 𝑘𝐽/𝑠( )
𝑘𝐽/𝑠
𝑊̇𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 2,513.2741 𝑘𝑊

The electric power generation is determined from

The amount of electricity generated per day and its monetary value become
Amount of electricity = (wind power)(operating hours) = (804.2477 𝑘𝑊)(24 ℎ)
Amount of electricity = 𝟏𝟗, 𝟑𝟎𝟏. 𝟗𝟒𝟓𝟑 𝒌𝑾𝒉
Revenues =(amount of electricity)(unit price) = (19,310.9453 𝑘𝑤𝐻)(𝐼𝐷𝑅 1200/𝑘𝑊𝐻)
Revenues = 𝑰𝑫𝑹 𝟐𝟑, 𝟏𝟔𝟐, 𝟑𝟑𝟒. 𝟑𝟐
 Nadhira Ghina Ramadhanti - 13117112

4. Consider a household that uses 14,000 kWh of electricity per year and 900 gallons of fuel oil
during a heating season. The average amount of CO2 produced is 26.4 lbm/gallon of fuel oil and
1.54 lbm/kWh of electricity. If this household reduces its oil and electricity usage by 15 percent as
a result of implementing some energy conservation measures, determine the reduction in the
amount of CO2 emissions by that household per year.

5. An 80-liters closed tank filled with 4 kg of R-134a refrigerant, and the pressure reaches to 160
kPa. Specify:
a. Temperature of refrigerant
b. Vapor quality of refrigerant
c. Enthalpy of refrigerant
d. Tank volume filled with vapor of refrigerant

Answer