Saint Joseph’s College of Baggao, Inc.

“EFFECTIVENESS OF ENVIRONMENTAL ACTIONS IN

MAINTAINING THE CLEANLINESS IN BARANGAY MABINI”

____________________

A Research Paper
Presented to
Joan C. Cobrador
Subject Teacher

____________________

In Partial Fulfillment
Of the Requirements for the Subject
Inquiries

Teddy T. Tesoro
Christian Jay B. Bosas
Gilbert D. Bermudez
Aldrich Patubo
Mark Anthony Bosas
Ma. Mercedez Bribon

(S.Y 2020-2021)
Saint Joseph’s College of Baggao, Inc.

EFFECTIVENESS OF ENVIRONMENTAL ACTIONS IN MAINTAINING THE

CLEANLINESS IN BARANGAY MABINI

Chapter 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

I. Introduction

Maintaining cleanliness in the environment is the essential part of healthy living in

the community for the reason that it is the cleanliness only which helps to improve the
personality by keeping clean externally and internally. It is everybody's responsibility
and one should keep themselves and their surroundings clean.
Yet, we’re now in a generation where some people overlook and ignore their
weedy and unpleasant environment. They forget to do some environmental activities
because of many reasons such as busy in a business and devoured by technological
things like smartphones. For these reasons, people are becoming not physically active,
unenthusiastic, and unhealthy because of a lack of workout and recreation. Their
surroundings and environment become an endangered area for the reason of
uncleanliness like scattered plastics, unsegregated wastes, and thick weeds that
consume all areas that may become a habitat of dangerous species like a serpent.
People's characteristics are becoming unworthy and dreadful; they ignore and do
something insignificant matters in their lives because they thought that is a reasonable
thing to do. The outstanding nature becomes awful because of people doing.
From now, the barangay leader, staff, and its community are searching for some ways
to prevent this kind of matter.
To prevent this, they come up with the idea where they will promote a clean and
green environment and solid waste management to maintain the barangay as a great
community. Most of the problem of the community was uncleanliness so many people
were encouraged to do the activities in their areas.
Green cleaning is the community’s way to improve the health and safety of peoples and
the surrounding environment. Green cleaning can also be more efficient and can offer
cost savings as the quantities of chemicals required in the cleaning process are
generally reduced. Solid waste management also helps keep the environment clean,
but it also makes the community’s overall health standards better. With waste being
properly disposed of, our environment is clean; there are fewer health risks and hazards
around to affect us. This includes not having our surroundings polluted and, instead,
ensures that our society remains as healthy as possible. It also lessens the chances of
illness and diseases being spread through the air, reducing the risk of respiratory
illnesses. Also, it ensures that toxic products are not being led into our waterways,
which can pollute our water and stop us from having a clean water system.
Cleanliness is an important quality of life. In fact, it is a habit which is often considered
just next to godliness. Cleanliness is a habit not related to the wealth of a person, rather
it is a habit which depicts the qualities a person is enriched with.
Saint Joseph’s College of Baggao, Inc.

II. Background Of The Study

The purpose of this research is to investigate and seek the effectiveness of

environmental cleaning actions in Barangay Mabini.
As this age of environmental concern individuals are outwardly interested in the
healthy state of their surroundings. As populations increase and we become more
connected with our environment and each other through global communication,
commerce and transportation, that interest also increases. Our desire for a clean
environment represents a powerful sense of destiny and hope for the future. People
cannot isolate their selves from the earth’s natural processes and their immediate
environment—whether it is natural or built. Every element of our existence is derived
from our surroundings. As a result, the environment provides man with nourishment and
energy
This research is intended to present the facts about how people do environmental
activities. The researchers will determine and know what kind of cleaning actions the
people of barangay will do to maintain their community clean and safety.
This research will be developed through the researcher’s investigation, interview,
and survey. The researchers will gather some data to acquaint their response.

III. Theoretical/ Conceptual Framework

Input Process Output

Profile of the Collection of data Determined the
respondents in terms through questionnaire effectiveness of
of: and interviews to environmental actions.
respondents in the Environmental actions
1.1 Name: effectiveness of improves and
1.2 Age: environmental actions. maintains the
1.3 Gender: Analysis and cleanliness, health
1.4 Occupation: interpretation of data and safeties’ of people
in Barangay
Factors affecting the Healthy living
respondent’s life
about environmental
actions in terms of:

2.1 Health
2.2 Economic life
2.3 Social life

FEEDBACK
Saint Joseph’s College of Baggao, Inc.

IV. Statement of the Problem

This study will generally aim to assess the effectiveness environmental actions in
maintaining the cleanliness of Barangay Mabini.

Specifically, this research will intend to determine:

1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of:

1.1 Name:
1.2 Age:
1.3 Gender:

2. What is the respondents perceived effect of their environmental action as to their:

2.1 Environment
2.2 Health
2.3 Economic life
2.4 Social life

3. Is there a significant relationship with the respondents of their barangay

environmental actions in maintaining the cleanliness?

V. Hypotheses

There is no significance about the effectiveness environmental actions in

maintaining the cleanliness in Barangay Mabini.

VI. Significance Of The Study

This study would be a great help to barangay captain and officials, elder and
youths, community and future researchers.

Barangay Captain and Officials: This study will serve as an “eye opener” for the
people of Barangay Mabini there to do earth activities such a clean their environments
and for them to know the important factors of nurturing our mother nature.

Elder and Youth: This study will serve as an awareness to know the impacts of
cleaning the environment in every area and zones of Barangay Mabini.

Community: This study will guides and helps everyone to maximize and maintain the
cleanliness of environment. The result would promote the community to establish the
effects of cleanliness so that people will be physically healthy and productive.

Future Researchers: The findings of this study prove other researchers insight that
would serve as a guide in their own research.
Saint Joseph’s College of Baggao, Inc.

VII. Scope And Delimitation

The study considers some aspects of elders and youths personal information
such as their name, gender, age and home location. Each of the respondents is given
same questionnaires to answer. This limits it coverage on the community of Barangay
Mabini only.

VIII. Definition Of Terms

The following terms are operationally and conceptually to provide a clearer

understanding of this study.

Community - A group of people living in the same place or having a particular

characteristic in common.
Environment - the surroundings or conditions in which a person, animal, or plant
lives or operates.
Clean and Green - Green cleaning refers to using cleaning methods and products
with environmentally friendly ingredients and procedures which are designed to
preserve human health and environmental quality.
Solid Waste Management - Solid waste management is a term that is used to
refer to the process of collecting and treating solid wastes. It also offers solutions for
recycling items that do not belong to garbage or trash. As long as people have been
living in settlements and residential areas, garbage or solid waste has been an issue.
Environmental Actions – any action, demand, suit, claim, potential liability,
investigation, proceeding and consent order to any environmental activities
Cleanliness – state of being clean and free from germs, dirt, trash or waste, and
habit of achieving and maintaining that state.
Saint Joseph’s College of Baggao, Inc.

Chapter 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

I. Related Literature

Maintaining the cleanliness of the healthcare environment and minimizing the

concentration level of pathogens is an essential way of preventing healthcare-
associated infections (HAIs), which pose serious threats to patient safety and contribute
to an increase in healthcare costs (Sehulster, et al., 2015). Also, environmental
cleanliness is a critical factor impacting other healthcare outcomes, such as patient
satisfaction (Sofaer, Crofton, Goldstein, Hoy, & Crabb, 2015). Various chemicals have
been used in the cleaning procedure (removing visible soils such as soil particles and
organic matter) and the disinfecting procedure (killing microorganisms) routinely
performed in healthcare settings. A growing body of evidence suggests that the
ingredients of many cleaning and disinfecting products may have unintended negative
impacts on human health and the environment. Patients’ and Staff’s exposures to
cleaning chemicals can cause dermatitis, endocrine and neurologic effects, cancer,
asthma, and other respiratory disorders (Delclos et al.,2017; Rosenman et al., 2013;
Stingeni, Lapomarda, & Lisi, 2005). Cleaning chemicals may contribute to the pollution
of outdoor air and water supplies, damage to ecosystems, bioaccumulation in animals
and plants, and ozone depletion (Environmental Protection Agency, n.d.). Further,
certain cleaning practices are found to be associated with musculoskeletal disorders in
cleaning staff (Kumar, Chaikumarn, & Lundberg, 2005; Unge, Ohlsson, Nordander,
Hansson, Skerfving, & Balogh, 2017). Concerned about the adverse human and
environmental effects of traditional cleaning practices, many healthcare organizations
have been increasingly adopting green cleaning or sustainable cleaning practices.
However, a commonly accepted definition is lacking, and ‘green cleaning’ has
taken on different forms in different organizations. Green cleaning, or sustainable
cleaning, generally refers to a variety of environmental cleaning approaches (e.g.
Selection of cleaners, use dof alternative cleaning methods, changes in building design
and operations) that aim at reducing the harmful effects of cleaning on human health
and the environment while maintaining or improving the cleanliness of the healthcare
environment for the purpose of infection prevention. Promising green cleaning efforts
such as purchasing and using cleaners with more benign chemicals have been reported
in multiplehospitals around the country. However, many knowledge gaps exist around
green cleaners and green cleaning programs (Markkanen, Quinn, Galligan, & Bello,
2009). For example, there appears to be a lack of industry agreement as to what
constitutes a green cleaning program for a healthcare facility. Also, what kinds of
cleaners should be defined as ‘green?’ Further, there is no clear evidence indicating
whether cleaners that are promoted as ‘green cleaners’ effectively meet infection
prevention needs and standards given the current focus on the environmental
contribution to hais (Goodman et al, 2008) or whether such cleaners have unknown
health risks; and there are no widely available data about the implementation and the
effectiveness of the green cleaning programs in different healthcare facilities
Saint Joseph’s College of Baggao, Inc.

(Markkanen, Et al., 2009; Sattar, 2010). There is an urgent need to conduct research
around cleaning in healthcare to fill these knowledge gaps.
This literature review highlights the complex ways that social factors affect
environmental cleanup processes and outcomes. It establishes what we term the ‘social
science of decontamination’ as an area of study. There are an emerging number of
articles, books, and gray literature from a variety of academic disciplines that address
this topic.
Several important themes emerge from the review. Public health and
epidemiological studies document the impact of environmental cleanups on worker
physical and mental health. Many of these focus on the case study of Chernobyl. This
research lays the foundation for discussions of worker rights and the connection
between social vulnerabilities and environmental cleanup work. Another theme in the
literature is the focus on improving decision-making and risk analysis processes. Many
of these studies assert the importance of public engagement and the need for more
public involvement in cleanup decisions to improve outcomes and avoid conflicts. They
also highlight how decisions about future reuse of sites shape risk determinations and
cleanup actions, demonstrating the importance of using a systems approach and
analyzing cleanups as a multi-phase process. The third major theme in the literature is
evaluation of societal outcomes of cleanup, primarily through hedonic price models of
property values near Superfund sites in the US.
Despite the variety of literature relating to the social science of decontamination,
there is still a need for further studies due to specific gaps. The studies utilize a wide
array of qualitative and quantitative research methods, but there is a lack of mixed
methods and interdisciplinary engagement within the social sciences. Many articles rely
on case studies of large-scale disasters or Superfund sites, leaving room for
comparisons of how social dynamics differ among cleanup situations. In particular, more
international comparisons would aid understanding of how these dynamics play out in
places with different forms of governance and social histories. Development of a
comprehensive framework or model is necessary to advance the social science of
decontamination. Broader questions complicating cleanups need to be explored.
Further investigation into specific topics such as labor practices, gender, race, and
power relationships is also necessary. Overall, this area of research has significant
potential to benefit environmental cleanup policy and practice, as well as advance social
theory about people and the environment.
Trends in the literature
This literature review provides extensive evidence that social variables affect
cleanup processes and outcomes in several ways. Cleanup activities affect worker
health. Technical decisions are shaped by social and political dimensions. Completed
cleanups have local socioeconomic consequences.
The review uncovers several trends in the literature. First, there is limited
geographic coverage in social science analysis of environmental cleanups. The dearth
of articles about many parts of the world shown in figure 4 may be due in part to the
limitations highlighted in the methods section 2.3. It may also reflect national differences
in environmental policies, remediation activities, and terminology. A third possible
explanation is the reliance that the social science literature has on case studies,
particularly of highly visible incidents such as the Deepwater Horizon oil spill and
Saint Joseph’s College of Baggao, Inc.

Fukushima nuclear accident. These incidents mobilize extensive cleanup efforts, media
attention, research interest, and funding. They involve complex social dynamics that can
be studied over time. One repercussion of the reliance on high-profile incidents is that
analysis of other types of contaminants and cleanup situations is limited. For example,
site reports indicate that stakeholder engagement and public participation positively
influence brownfields redevelopment in Europe (Payá Pérez and Peláez Sánchez
2017). Brownfields sites, however, comprised the smallest portion of articles (2%) found
by this search. Moreover, there is limited comparison of case studies in the literature,
which would be generative of social science theory of decontamination.
A second trend is that the articles operate largely in disciplinary silos.
Anthropological studies of decontamination discourse are not in conversation with
economic works on hedonic pricing. Epidemiological articles on cleanup worker health
do not engage with the broader social science literature on labor practices, worker
identity, and embodied stigma. Thus, the social context of cleanup work is missing: how
do people come to be in this work, what are their work experiences, and how does it
affect households and communities as well as individual health? The silo-ization of the
literature is also apparent in that while the case studies uncover diverse social aspects
of cleanups, they often lack a theoretical grounding. Observed trends in methodologies
provide further evidence of silo-ization. The limited use of mixed methods, such as
combining health surveys with ethnography, indicates a lack of interdisciplinary
engagement. Another methodological gap is the relatively low number of ethnographic
accounts of cleanup experiences. One exception is Little’s (2012) study of people living
with vapor mitigation systems installed in their houses as part of remediation of the IBM
Endicott Superfund site in New York state. Ethnographic studies of cleanup workers,
community activists, and agency staff would shed light on social relationships, cultural
worldviews, decision-making, and health.
Future research needs
The review identifies research gaps in the four thematic areas. Na et al (2012)
and D’Andrea and Reddy (2013) mention differences between male and female cleanup
workers’ risk exposure and health impacts. A deeper discussion of the gendered nature
of cleanup work is absent. Zvolensky et al (2015) report how adverse mental health
impacts to cleanup workers correlate with financial problems. It points to the need to
investigate how cleanup work affects families and households as well as worker
populations. The Chernobyl case studies primarily analyze possible health effects of
low-dose radiation exposure over a long period of time (Barnes 2001, Bay and Oughton
2005, Eglite et al 2009, Krasnov et al 2015, Laidra et al 2015). There is a need for
longitudinal studies of other types of cleanup work.
In terms of public engagement, the articles do address how trust is lost and how
mistrust affects cleanups (e.g., Eisenman et al 2004, Allen 2007, Ritchie et al 2013).
However, there is limited coverage of research on how to build trust and maintain it over
time. Future research could examine best practices in building consensus, sharing
power, and establishing trust among stakeholders. It could field test strategies for
effective public engagement in different cleanup situations.
The reliance found in this literature on hedonic pricing affords a relatively limited
basis for measuring societal benefits of environmental cleanups. The studies primarily
use this technique at Superfund sites, so its application to other cleanup situations and
Saint Joseph’s College of Baggao, Inc.

non-US sites remains untested. Hedonic pricing does not capture social consequences
such as neighborhood gentrification. Cleanups may well benefit society in ways other
than property values. New methods for evaluating societal benefits—and costs—should
be developed and tested for their applicability to different cleanup sit
Literature sources included peer-reviewed journal articles, books, book chapters,
e-books, and gray literature such as government agency reports. We included articles
for review if the following criteria applied: (1) they use theories and/or methods from a
social science discipline; (2) they address one or more social dimensions of
environmental cleanups; (3) they were published in the last 25 years (1992–2017); (4)
they meet quality control criteria (see below); and (5) they are written in English.
The five selection criteria allowed for inclusion of a diversity of publication types
covering multiple disciplines, institutions, and countries. We excluded articles that
provide a descriptive account of social conflict during a cleanup but do not use social
theory or methods to analyze it. For example, our search returned technical
assessments and reports about specific sites, but many of them did not have clear
connections to social theory or employ social science research methods (e.g.
interviews, surveys), so they were excluded from the analysis. We also excluded
articles that address the social impacts of contamination but not decontamination. We
limited the search to publications within the last 25 years to capture work published on
cleanup actions under US environmental laws (e.g. Comprehensive Environmental
Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA), Superfund Amendments and
Reauthorization Act (SARA)), as well as homeland security incidents and technological
disasters. We limited articles to English publications to avoid misinterpretations that
could affect data quality. The articles had to be research articles, not book reviews,
commentaries, or policy documents.
Quality control
We evaluated the articles according to a checklist of nine quality standards:
focus, verity, integrity, rigor, soundness, applicability and utility, clarity and
completeness, uncertainty and variability, and evaluation and review (EPA 2003, 2013).
We evaluated gray literature sources according to these standards. If sources did not
meet at least six of the nine quality standards, we did not include them. Because peer-
reviewed sources such as books and journal articles are already evaluated by a similar
system, we presumed that they met quality standards. We did assess the applicability of
each source and the appropriate use of social science theory and methods for all
articles, which served as another layer of quality assessment.
Literature search and analysis
We conducted keyword searches in the following databases: ScienceDirect,
Springer, ProQuest, Anthrosource, Web of Science, our institutional library catalog, and
Google Scholar. This search strategy covered a wide range of publications in social
science, environmental science, homeland security, risk analysis, and other related
areas. We also found sources via snowballing, i.e., using citations in articles already
retrieved. Keywords used to search include place names, contaminants, social science
concepts, and cleanup actions (see table 2). Searches included alterative spellings, e.g.
cleanup, clean-up, clean up. Keyword strings varied depending on the database’s
topical focus and search capability
Saint Joseph’s College of Baggao, Inc.

Since many of the searches turned up technical and engineering articles outside
the scope of this review, a quick reading of the source’s title and abstract ascertained its
possible relevance. We recorded the number of relevant hits in an Access database.
For sources that made it through this first round of selection, we entered bibliographic
information into an Access database and EndNote library. We searched bibliographic
databases until article saturation was achieved, that is, additional keyword searches
failed to turn up new relevant articles.
The second step of the review was to acquire and read a full-text version of each
source. We eliminated some articles at this step because of access limitations. We
evaluated full-text articles for compliance with the five selection criteria described
above. To reach agreement on source selection, we each ranked the articles on a one-
to-three compliance scale: (1) did not meet the criteria; (2) met some but not all; (3) met
all criteria. We totaled the rankings for each source and then discussed sources that
ranked below a seven out of nine to reach consensus on whether they should be
included. At this stage, we evaluated gray literature sources using the quality control
standards described above.
The third and final stage of the review process involved a close textual reading of
the selected articles and thematic evaluation of article contents. We recorded research
notes in EndNote for each article’s topic, research methods, cleanup situation, and main
argument. We then created mind maps to identify major themes and conducted a
thematic synthesis of article content (Hart 1998, Thomas and Harden 2008). We also
conducted a quantitative analysis of article metadata using NVivo®. We coded
metadata for each source by geographic location in which the research took place,
phase of cleanup addressed, type of contaminant, discipline, and methodology. We
then tabulated these metadata categories.
There were limitations to this systematic literature review. The review addresses
the social dimensions of cleanup, which is only a subset of the social impacts of
contamination. The bibliographic databases searched might not contain all relevant
publications. While the review did include non-US materials, the search and selection
protocol used did not require international representation and may not have captured all
international publications. For example, the databases used to find gray literature may
not contain reports published in other countries. Alternatively, a source may have been
in a database but not discoverable using the keywords selected. The term Superfund
originates from US policy and may not be applicable elsewhere. An article framed
around social theory might not use the technical language of decontamination. The
review only included sources available via institutional library holdings and interlibrary
loan agreements, which were limited. The English language criterion may have
excluded relevant materials written in Russian, Japanese, and other languages.
Because this research does not conduct a statistical analysis of article data, results are
not skewed by not including every article published on a topic, as with quantitative
reviews (Thomas and Harden 2008, Singh 2017). Our search did reach conceptual
saturation, that is, it captured the range of concepts found in the literature (Thomas and
Harden 2008).
Saint Joseph’s College of Baggao, Inc.

II. Related Studies

Work habits of environmental cleanliness actions and services professionals as

well as their perceptions of the profession are among the topics addressed by recent
studies in the literature.
Pedersen, et al. (2018) studied environmental services (EVS) professionals’
perceptions and knowledge of environmental cleaning using an anonymous Likert scale
survey. A total of 118 surveys were collected (response rate, 47 percent). In terms of
demographics, the researchers found that 41 percent of respondents were aged 40
years or younger, 48 percent had been employed for fewer than two years, and 8
percent were supervisors.
As the researchers note, “Regardless of age, position, or experience, most
respondents believe that environmental cleaning is important for infection prevention.
They are also open to having regular classes on cleaning.”
Doll, et al. (2018) conducted a review of the literature regarding environmental
cleaning in the healthcare setting. As the researchers noted, “Despite evidence of the
transmission of infectious organisms from environment to patient, the role of a clean
environment in hospital prevention remains controversial. The extent to which
environmental contamination contributes to healthcare-associated infections is unclear.
Surface cleaning is certainly not a substitute for other infection control practices such as
handwashing, limiting medical device usage, and gowning or gloving when indicated.
However, routine efforts to decrease the overall bioburden of the hospital environment
via cleaning is likely foundational to other efforts; lower levels of infectious organisms on
surfaces translates to less contamination of healthcare worker hands and patient care
objects as they make contact with the hospital environment. Essentially all literature
related to the optimization of environmental cleaning in healthcare systems comes from
countries with relatively abundant resources. In resource-limited healthcare settings,
additional challenges may exist that contribute to inadequate cleaning. The minimum
standards for environmental health reported in the World Health Organization’s
Essential Environmental Health Standards in Health Care with regard to healthcare
centers with limited resources, outline clean water, waste management, and a focus on
visible dust and soil as essential temporary measures to protect patients. A comparison
of these minimum standards against other published environmental cleaning
recommendations highlights a striking disparity in the conditions of the hospital
environment between different regions of the world.”
The researchers add, “The hospital environment can be a source of HAIs, and
current cleaning methods are only partially successful in mediating this risk. However,
the extent to which the environment contributes to the transmission of infection and the
level of cleanliness required to prevent the acquisition of organisms from the
environment is unknown. There has been substantial interest in improving the cleaning
process in recent years, and publications highlight a variety of strategies to accomplish
this. Yet, fundamental issues remain unaddressed. There is an urgent need to
overcome the challenges faced by manual cleaners (Bernstein et al., 2016) and to
maximize the benefit of manual cleaning efforts. A tiered approach to cleaning that is
tailored to the specific needs and resources of healthcare centers would be better
defined with a wider representation of the global healthcare community in published
Saint Joseph’s College of Baggao, Inc.

studies. Human factors will ultimately determine the quality of environmental cleaning in
the hospital and will remain the patient’s best defense against invisible threats from the
hospital environment.”
Allen, et al. (2018) sought to assess the effectiveness of an environmental
hygiene bundle in terms of changes to HAI rates, cleaning performance and
environmental services (EVS) workers’ knowledge and attitudes. A multi-modal bundle
was designed and implemented with EVS personnel in eight wards in a 400-bed
metropolitan teaching hospital, using a prospective, before-and-after study design. This
consisted of a three-month pre-intervention phase and six-month intervention phase.
This research used an implementation science framework to guide the transition from
evidence into practice, with data collected in the pre-intervention phase synthesized to
design the implementation strategy.
The researchers report that significant improvements in cleaning performance
were observed, with the average proportion of ultraviolet markers removed during
cleaning across the wards increasing from 61.1 percent to 95.4 percent. Results also
demonstrate improvements to both the knowledge and attitudes of EVS professionals.
The researchers surveyed EVS personnel before and after the bundle was implemented
and found that most participants had been professional cleaners for more than a
decade, with approximately half the survey participants holding at least one related
workplace certification. Infection prevention-related knowledge questions scored high in
the pre-intervention survey and remained consistent throughout the intervention period.
According to the researchers, the major positive shifts in knowledge were related to
cleaning-specific knowledge as well as correct product use; however, there were no
knowledge improvements for disinfectant contact time. There was no change across
many of the attitude questions, particularly relating to environmental services team
culture, as these scored consistently high throughout the intervention.
Saint Joseph’s College of Baggao, Inc.

Chapter 3

METHODS AND PROCEDURES OF THE STUDY

I. Methodology of Research

This chapter looks at the various research methodologies and research methods
that are commonly used by researchers in the field of information systems. The
research methodology and research method used in this research is acknowledged and
discussed.
Researchers will describe and discussed how the researchers will gather the
necessary data and information that will be used in the entire study. It will also discuss
the Locale of the Study, Respondents/ Sources of Data, Sampling Procedure,
Instruments, Data Gathering Procedure and Statistical Treatment of Data.

II. Locale of the Study

The study will be conducted at Barangay Mabini. The participants are those elder
and youth people who use to participate in barangay’s activities such as clean and
green and solid waste management in their respective zones. The interviews, needed to
be conducted at a place with were people appreciate the cleanliness of environment;
therefore the interviews were done respectively eir houses.

III. Respondents/ Sources of Data

The respondents of the study will be the elder and youth people in Barangay
Mabini. The population will be 5 participants in every zone at a total of 35 respondents.

IV. Sampling Procedure

A purposive sampling procedure was used for selecting the participant in this study.
The main goal of this technique is to focus on particular characteristics of a population
that are of interest, which will enable the respondents to answer the research
questions.

V. Instruments

The researchers made instrument was to utilize to determine the effects of

environmental actions in maintaining the cleanliness in Barangay Mabini. It is through
form of questionnaires that will be asked to the participants or the respondents.
Saint Joseph’s College of Baggao, Inc.

VI. Data Gathering Procedure

In conducting of the study, the researchers will go to the location of the chosen
respondents to ask questions and to gain information using the purposive sampling
method. The respondents will be given a specific time to answer the questions that the
researcher made.

VII. Statistical Treatment of Data

The purpose of the statistical treatment of data was to identify the effects
environmental actions in maintaining the cleanliness in Barangay Mabini.
The analysis gives the ability to the researchers to structure the qualitative data
collected in a way that satisfies the accomplishment of the research. After the data was
collected it was organized and analyzed. And by using finalize and well answered
questions, we researchers will able to know the proportion of people who answered in a
certainly way. Then, we can interpret the information as the process of attaching to the
data.
Saint Joseph’s College of Baggao, Inc.

Chapter 4

DISCUSSION OF RESULTS

The results and discussions on the findings relative to the study are arranged in
the following order: actions in environmental cleanliness, clean and green activities, and
awareness on solid waste management of the people of Barangay Mabini. They
practice cleanliness in their own area, planting colourful flowering plants and solid waste
management of the in terms of segregation, reduce, reuse, recycle and disposal
significance of the relationship between the awareness of the people. Awareness on
environmental actions is the following:

 Clean And Green Activities

Planting plants – Planting different kinds of plants makes the areas colorful place.
In this kind of activities, people in Barangay Mabini inspired to plant flowery
plants in their respective area.
Gardening – People in Barangay Mabini says that gardening is essential and
worth it in their everyday lives because there are many benefits they can get from
it, such as, fresh air, free food, healthy body, and money.

According to the literature, green cleaning generally refers to “cleaning to protect

health without harming the environment,” or the efficacy of infection prevention and
control “toward effective products with the fewest adverse effects on human health and
the environment,” or “maintaining and improving cleanliness and supporting infection
control while protecting workers and the environment from the risks posed by cleaning
materials and processes” (ABM Industries, n.d.; Markkanen et al., 2009; Practice
Greenhealth, n.d.). Even though there is not a definition of green cleaning that is widely
accepted, the 2009 HCRC paper clearly indicated that green cleaning is a systematic
approach including not only the use of cleaners identified as ‘green’ due to their
chemical composition and attributes, but a comprehensive performance improvement
process that includes any other methods that may reduce the negative impact of
hospital cleaning on human health and the environment (e.g. using micro-fiber mops,
improving performance of cleaning staff, and selecting finish materials that are easier to
clean).

 Solid Waste Management

3R’s namely Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle.
With the use of 3R’s, People in Barangay Mabini learned how to manage their
wastes. They learned how to segregated, reduced the things they do not need,
reused the things that can be used again and recycle the used materials in
creative way to use it again.
Saint Joseph’s College of Baggao, Inc.

Chapter 5

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS

I. Findings
In this research the findings we acquire from surveys, interviews and an evaluation
about the effectiveness of environmental cleanliness is the following statements;
Researchers perceive that the effectiveness of cleanliness of environment in the
Barangay Mabini was great and effective because of the people daily activities such as
cleaning their own areas, planting some plants that make their surroundings become
beautiful area and solid waste management such as reuse, reduce, and recycle that
makes up the environments clean without harming living things. These activities they
do every day have a great impact in people lives for instance they are benefited to it;
like; they are physically active, they become healthy, they can get resources, they can
smell a fresh air and lastly they are not polluted.

II. Conclusions

Green cleaning is an interdisciplinary, systematic approach. It involves the

selection and use of cleaning products as well as operational changes and building
design. Its implementation requires inter-departmental cooperation and support from
healthcare leadership. Green cleaning aims at balancing and addressing multiple needs
— environmental cleanliness for infection prevention and control, environmental impact,
human health effects, and so on. The development of green cleaning calls for
innovations in various fields (e.g. chemistry, management, environmental design).
These innovations (e.g. new products and practices) should be evaluated empirically by
using sound and standard methods to examine their effects on multiple outcomes.
However, limited research has been done in real working environments, and post-
implementation evaluation is rarely conducted once a specific green product or practice
has been adopted, even though certain relevant data may be already collected for oher
purposes in various healthcare departments. The efectiveness of green cleaning
products and practices needs to be established before wide implementation can take
place. An urgent need is to conduct credible research to examine and monitor the
impact of various green cleaning products and practices on outcomes (especially
infection prevention, the environment, and the health of staff and patients) and to
disseminate the research findings.

III.Recommendations

In the light of the findings obtained as a result of the research and the relevant
literature, the following recommendation;

Can be made;
Saint Joseph’s College of Baggao, Inc.

As a result af the research, it is of great importance that students’ families should

be educated on cleanliness and personal hygiene as a result of the obvious effect of
families on cleanliness and personal hygiene behavior.
Education programmed can be developed to ensure that families are conscious and
knowledgeable about cleanliness and hygiene. Educational books, school journals,
public spots, sketches prepared at the parents’ meetings Oroloriums and school
newspapers can be prepare or this purpose In ne ruure, every positive nygicne and
cieaning habits that will be given to the students families will provide the basis for a
healthy generation that correctly implements the hygiene and cleanliness behaviors.
Activities can be prepared for cleaning and personal hygiene practices in guidance and
club activities in order to improve the hygiene and hygiene habits of the students in a
positive way and to maintain their health. Projects can be organized 1or cleaning and
personal hygiene habits in community service practices. In order to prevent the cleaning
and hygiene habits of students of this age to be forgotten and forgotten, the related
subjects must be repeated and reminded. In schools, proper cleaning and hygiene
behaviors should be reminded by seminars, theaters, conferences and showing public
spots with certain periods. When it comes to understanding the importance of
cleanliness, you simply can’t overstate how much it impacts everyone’s life. Many
people take this for granted. However, go for a week or two without cleaning your home
and you’ll notice that it quickly is overrun with dirt, bugs, and even worse.
To get an idea of why you should pay importance to create and maintain a hygienic
environment, these are a few areas where staying clean matters.

 Importance of Cleanliness in Our Surroundings

Regardless of where you are, your surroundings play a large role in your health
and wellness. Think about people who work in an environment where their surroundings
are not clean. For example, miners have high rates of lung disease since they are
constantly breathing in toxic coal dust. Over time, their surroundings lead to diseases
and sometimes even death. It’s not surprising that where you are for the majority of your
day is going to have an impact on health and wellness.

Your surroundings can include places where you are frequently as well as locations you
don’t often visit. They can refer to the items around you as well. Take, for example, the
money that you use. Most people carry cash, at least a small amount. They use coins
and bills frequently, trading them with shops, and getting paid back in bills when making
transactions. However, cash is one of the places where you can find thousands of
potentially harmful bacteria and germs.
Saint Joseph’s College of Baggao, Inc.

BIBLIOGRAPHY
A. Books

Dancer, S. J., White, L., & Robertson, C. (2008). Monitoring environmental cleanliness
on two surgical wards [Abstract]. International Journal of Environmental Health
Research, 18(5), 357-364.
Anderson, S., & Francois, P. (1997). Environmental Cleanliness as a Public Good:
Welfare and Policy Implications of Nonconvex Preferences. Journal of Environmental
Economics and Management, 34(3), 256-274.
Monitoring cleanliness and defining acceptable cleanliness levels. (2003). Surface
Contamination and Cleaning, 31-39. Doi:10.1201/9789047403289-7

B. Journals

Environmental management. Vocabulary. (2020). London: British Standards Institution.

Cleanliness matters: A regional strategy for improving the standard of environmental

cleanliness in the HSS Trusts 2005-2008. (2005). Belfast: Health Estates.
Conant, J. (2005). Sanitation and cleanliness for a healthy environment. Berkeley, CA:
Hesperian Foundation.

Emerson, P., Frost, L., Bailey, R., & Mabey, D. (2006). Implementing the SAFE strategy
for trachoma control: A toolbox of interventions for promoting facial cleanliness and
environmental improvement. Atlanta, GA: Carter Center.
Adlhart C, Verran J, et al. Surface modifications for antimicrobial effects in the
healthcare setting: a critical overview. Journal of Hospital Infection. Vol. 99, No. 3,
Pages 239-249. July 2018.

Allen M, Hall L, Halton K and Graves N. Improving hospital environmental hygiene with
the use of a targeted multi-modal bundle strategy. Infection, Disease & Health. Volume
23, Issue 2, June 2018, Pages 107-113.

Doll M, Stevens M and Bearman G. Review: Environmental cleaning and disinfection of

patient areas. International Journal of Infectious Diseases. Vol. 67, Pages 52-57.
February 2018.

Kenters N, T.Gottlieb T, Hopman J, Mehtar S, Schweizer ML, et al. An international

survey of cleaning and disinfection practices in the healthcare environment. Journal of
Hospital Infection. Article in press, 2018.

Pedersen L, Masroor N, Cooper K, Patrick A, Razjouyan F, Doll M, Stevens MP, and

Bearman G. Brief Report: Barriers and perceptions of environmental cleaning: An
environmental services perspective. American Journal of Infection Control. Online July
3, 2018.
Saint Joseph’s College of Baggao, Inc.

Smith J, Adams CF, King MF, Noakes CJ, Robertson C and Dancer SJ. Is there an
association between airborne and surface microbes in the critical care environment?
Journal of Hospital Infection. Online April 9, 2018.

Wille I, Mayr A, Kreidl P, et al. Cross-sectional point prevalence survey to study the
environmental contamination of nosocomial pathogens in intensive care units under
real-life conditions. Journal of Hospital Infection. Vol. 98, No. 1. Pages 90-95. January
2018.

C. Other Sources

Environmental Cleaning: Monitoring Cleaning. (n.d.). Retrieved from

https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CHCQ/HAI/Pages/EnvironCleanMonitoringCleaning.
aspx
How Does Your Personal Environment Impact Your Wellbeing … (n.d.). Retrieved from
https://www.takingcharge.csh.umn.edu/how-does-your-personal-environment-impact-
your-wellbeing
Cleanups in My Community – United States Environmental … (n.d.). Retrieved from
https://www.epa.gov/cleanups/cleanups-my-community
Valdez, G. (n.d.). BARANGAY ORDINANCE-CLEAN AND GREEN. Retrieved from
https://www.academia.edu/38642248/BARANGAY_ORDINANCE_CLEAN_AND_GREE
N
Corp., A. (n.d.). Lingkod Kapamilya. Retrieved from https://corporate.abs-
cbn.com/lingkodkapamilya/environment/article/pid-1474353739839/cid-
1469162685445/accenture-inc-employees-rsquo-help-clean-estero-de-pandacan
Programs and Activities – Department of Environment and … (n.d.). Retrieved from
http://climatechange.denr.gov.ph/index.php/9-programs-and-activities
Cleanliness is Next to Goodliness. – Home | Facebook. (n.d.). Retrieved from
https://www.facebook.com/Cleanliness-is-Next-to-Goodliness-103783488146845/?
__xts__[0]=68.ARDhGJl0_5wznSnSWEpduCyP_51vt3n-PW9urVi0OMdvjSPh6tN-
H8OrX2hpjcRvHUt8PMMBTvn2y-
QoLowWWSU0WM7I4MDjK2PI0fOYV2ChEfkLqItk_Axk9CtlOHh2XyEU2eiApstElvNxTf
RWUR7UBPatN7L872-_guOO-X2-4i2yRhhU21Nb06Mm-
HQjsZTSUS1rVpYZD7ZQq4U--brw4S1RtpiqxWao1y_NoNjE_Wu-
cFZ_gSPH1y7c0oDRILNb2lLK4rRJq2GCDbhHlvUmwl9fCdkYOmYpxD3lt6j969yjUSn8
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Clean and Green – Tuao. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://tuao-cagayan.gov.ph/index.php?
option=com_content&view=article&id=253&Itemid=367
 Saint Joseph’s College of Baggao, Inc.

APPENDICES
Appendix A (Letter to Respondents)
Strongly Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly
  Dear Respondents, Agree Disagree
1. This environmental actions gives me an          
We are to
opportunity HUMSS students at St. Joseph’s College
do my responsibility.   of Baggao
  Inc.
  from St.  Jude Class 
under the advisory class of Ma’am Joyce Ann M. Valenzuela and subject teacher of inquiries
2.  I’m inspired to make our community a          
Ma’am Joan C. Cobrador and we researchers are working on a research regarding on the
pleasant place.          
“Effectiveness of Environmental Actions in Maintaining the Cleanliness of Barangay Mabini.” May
3. request
we This kindinof this
activity makesquestionnaire
survey me physically the information
  you   provide will
  enable   our group  to
active.  
attain the purpose of the study. Thank you for your cooperation.        
4.  Knowing the responsibility to clean makes my          
life worthy.       The  Researchers
 
5. It makes me feel comfortable dealing with          
nature.          
6. I assure the safety of others and one’s self by          
the time we do such environmental activities.          
7. Doing environmental actions in maintaining          
cleanliness is considered as my hobby.          
8. It was a good idea to offer improvements in          
the society.          
9. My dedication in pursuing a great environment          
was pretty amazing.          
10. It test my perseverance and passion in          
participating environmental actions.          

Appendix B (Questionnaire)

Name: ________________________________________ Age: _____ Gender: (__) Male (__) Female

Occupation: ___________________
 Saint Joseph’s College of Baggao, Inc.

11. I’m always ready and on time.          

         
12. It gives me the ability to make changes
specifically to our environment for the sake          
of the people.          

13. It increases my self-esteem dealing with          

people and to follow the implemented
         
14. It needs to focus on maintaining the          
environment clean and green.          

15. It gives me the ability to make changes

specifically to our environment for the
sake of the people.

Appendix C (Profile of Researchers)

Teddy T. Tesoro

Christian Jay B. Bosas

Saint Joseph’s College of Baggao, Inc.

Gilbert D. Bermudez

Aldrich Ian Patubo

Mark Anthony Bosas

Ma Mercedez Bribon