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Type I and Type II errors in hypothesis testing are discussed. A test is conducted to determine if the mean life of light bulbs is different from 375 hours. The results show the mean life is not equal to 375 hours based on a p-value less than 0.05 and a 95% confidence interval that does not contain 375. A separate test examines if the mean amount spent on lunch differs from $6.50. The results fail to reject the null hypothesis as the p-value is greater than 0.05 and the t-statistic is between the critical values. For a t-test to be valid, the population must be normally distributed, and with a small sample size of 9, the normal distribution assumption may not

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79 views2 pages

Assignment

Type I and Type II errors in hypothesis testing are discussed. A test is conducted to determine if the mean life of light bulbs is different from 375 hours. The results show the mean life is not equal to 375 hours based on a p-value less than 0.05 and a 95% confidence interval that does not contain 375. A separate test examines if the mean amount spent on lunch differs from $6.50. The results fail to reject the null hypothesis as the p-value is greater than 0.05 and the t-statistic is between the critical values. For a t-test to be valid, the population must be normally distributed, and with a small sample size of 9, the normal distribution assumption may not

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Jaylord Reyes
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Jay Lord P.

Reyes

1.
Type I error is done simply when the rejection of a true null hypothesis occurs. With
the scenario, the said error will happen upon the jury’s decision to convict the
defendant which means the null hypothesis falls directly to the rejection region which
should not be the instance. Moreover, The Type II error occurs when a false null
hypothesis is accepted which means that the defendant being innocent is not
rejected and when the jury decides to not convict the defendant when he/she
should’ve been

2.
a. At the 0.05 level of significance, is there evidence that the mean life is
different from 375 hours?
H0: µ = 375
H1: µ ≠ 375
𝑍𝑆𝑇𝐴𝑇 = 350 – 375/100/√64
𝑍𝑆𝑇𝐴𝑇 =−25/12.5
𝑍𝑆𝑇𝐴𝑇 = −2.0
0.05/2 = 0.025 thus, z score is ∓1.96
𝑍𝑆𝑇𝐴𝑇 = −2.0 therefore, reject the null hypothesis.
∴ We can conclude that at a 0.05 significance level, there is sufficient
evidence that the mean life of a large shipment of light bulbs is not equal
to 375.

b. Compute the p-value and interpret its meaning.


H0: µ = 375
H1: µ ≠ 375
α=0.05
𝑍𝑆𝑇𝐴𝑇 = −2.0
P value = 0.0228 + 0.0228 = 0.0456
P value = 0.0456 < α = 0.05 therefore, reject null hypothesis.
∴ We can conclude that the mean life of a large shipment of light bulbs is
not equal to 375.

c. Construct a 95% confidence interval estimate of the population mean life of


the light bulbs.
350 − (1.96) 100/√64 to 350 + (1.96) 100/√64
325.5 ≤ µ ≤ 374.5
It does not contain the hypothesized mean (375) thus, we reject the null
hypothesis.

d. Compare the results of (a) and (c). What conclusions do you reach?
The true mean does not lie within the interval. So, the mean is not 375.

3.
a. At the 0.05 level of significance, is there evidence that the mean amount
spent for lunch is different from $6.50?
H0: µ = 6.50
H1: µ ≠ 6.50
n=9
Degrees of freedom: 8
α=0.05, α/2 = 0.025
Critical value = 2.3060
𝑇𝑆𝑇𝐴𝑇 = 7.03 − 6.50/1.81/√9
𝑇𝑆𝑇𝐴𝑇 =0.53/0.60
𝑇𝑆𝑇𝐴𝑇 = 0.88
-2.3060 < TSTAT = 0.88 < 2.3060 therefore, do not reject null hypothesis
We can conclude that there is insufficient evidence that the true mean cost is
different from 6.50

b. Determine the p-value in (a) and interpret its meaning.


P value .404518 > α=0.05
Therefore, do not reject the null hypothesis. Meaning, there is insufficient evidence
that the true mean cost is different from 6.50

c. What assumption must you make about the population distribution in order
to conduct the t test in (a) and (b)?
In order to conduct t test, it must be assumed that a scale of measurement is
applied to the data gathered and that the sample is representative of the whole
population as well as that it results in a normal distribution when plotted in order to
specify the level of significance which is a criterion for acceptance

d. Because the sample size is 9, do you need to be concerned about the shape
of the population distribution when conducting the t test in (a)? Explain
Yes. A larger sample size is much needed to approach the normal bell-shaped
curve. This means that the sample size of 9 may not be sufficient to form a bell-
shaped curve.

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