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    Chapter 5 Isometric Projections

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    Mastura Haron
    This document discusses isometric projections and how to create isometric drawings. It covers: 1) What isometric projections are and their key characteristics like showing three faces of an object simultaneously and having 120 degree angles between axes. 2) The steps to create an isometric drawing including defining the axes, drawing faces, and adding details. 3) Techniques for drawing different elements in isometric projections like objects with normal, oblique, or non-isometric surfaces, irregular objects, and approximating circles and curves.

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    Chapter 5 Isometric Projections

    Uploaded by

    Mastura Haron
    78 views29 pages
    This document discusses isometric projections and how to create isometric drawings. It covers: 1) What isometric projections are and their key characteristics like showing three faces of an object simultaneously and having 120 degree angles between axes. 2) The steps to create an isometric drawing including defining the axes, drawing faces, and adding details. 3) Techniques for drawing different elements in isometric projections like objects with normal, oblique, or non-isometric surfaces, irregular objects, and approximating circles and curves.

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    This document discusses isometric projections and how to create isometric drawings. It covers: 1) What isometric projections are and their key characteristics like showing three faces of an object simultaneously and having 120 degree angles between axes. 2) The steps to create an isometric drawing including defining the axes, drawing faces, and adding details. 3) Techniques for drawing different elements in isometric projections like objects with normal, oblique, or non-isometric surfaces, irregular objects, and approximating circles and curves.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    78 views29 pages

    Chapter 5 Isometric Projections

    Uploaded by

    Mastura Haron
    This document discusses isometric projections and how to create isometric drawings. It covers: 1) What isometric projections are and their key characteristics like showing three faces of an object simultaneously and having 120 degree angles between axes. 2) The steps to create an isometric drawing including defining the axes, drawing faces, and adding details. 3) Techniques for drawing different elements in isometric projections like objects with normal, oblique, or non-isometric surfaces, irregular objects, and approximating circles and curves.

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    of 29

    Lecture 3 Sunday, 27 March 2016 1

    Chapter 5: Isometric
    Projections
    Lecture 3 Sunday, 27 March 2016 2

    What is ISOMETRIC?
    • It is a method of producing pictorial view
    of an object showing all three faces of the
    object simultaneously.

    • It is a type of parallel projection

    • It is a type of axonometric projection


    Lecture 3 Sunday, 27 March 2016 3

    Axonometric Projections

    • Observer at infinity
    • Projectors parallel to each other and perpendicular
    to projection plane
    • Object is inclined with respect to projection plane
    Lecture 3 Sunday, 27 March 2016 4

    Types of Axonometric
    Projections

    Isometric Projection

    Dimetric Projection

    Trimetric Projection
    Lecture 3 Sunday, 27 March 2016 5

    Isometric Projections
    • All angles between axonometric axes are
    equal

    • The three coordinate axes of the object


    appear equally foreshortened (about 3/4th
    of true length)

    • The angles between any two of the


    three coordinate axes is 120°
    Lecture 3 Sunday, 27 March 2016 6

    Isometric Terminology
    • The three coordinate axes are called
    isometric axes

    • Any line parallel to isometric axes is called


    isometric line

    • A non-isometric line is a line not


    parallel to any one of the three
    isometric axis

    • In isometric projection of cube, the faces of


    the cube and any plane parallel to them is
    called isometric planes
    Lecture 3 Sunday, 27 March 2016 7

    Isometric Scale
    • True lengths of the edges of the object are
    equally foreshortened

    • Correct isometric projection can be drawn


    using an isometric scale (always smaller
    than ordinary scale)
    Lecture 3 Sunday, 27 March 2016 8

    Isometric Drawing
    Isometric Projection:
    Drawing prepared
    with isometric scale on
    isometric axes

    Isometric Drawing:
    Drawing prepared
    with ordinary scale
    on isometric axes
    Lecture 3 Sunday, 27 March 2016 9

    Steps:
    Step 1
    Isometric sketches begin with defining
    isometric axes, three lines, one vertical
    and two drawn at 30° from the horizontal.
    Lecture 3 Sunday, 27 March 2016 10

    Steps:
    Step 2
    Three lines of the isometric axes represent
    the three primary dimensions of the
    object: width, height, and depth
    Lecture 3 Sunday, 27 March 2016 11

    Steps:
    Step 3
    Draw the font face of the isometric block.
    Lecture 3 Sunday, 27 March 2016 12

    Steps:
    Step 4
    Draw the rest of the isometric block.
    Lecture 3 Sunday, 27 March 2016 13

    Steps:
    Step 5
    Add details to the block starting from the
    front face. Then add details to the other
    faces.
    Lecture 3 Sunday, 27 March 2016 14

    Steps:
    Step 6
    Darken all visible lines to complete the
    isometric sketch. (make sure that
    construction lines are light)
    Lecture 3 Sunday, 27 March 2016 15

    • Axonometric projection shows all 3 dimensions,


    length, width and height.
    • The isometric lines are only drawn to scale. Objects
    composed entirely of isometric lines can be drawn
    by taking all measurements parallel to main edges
    of the enclosing box.
    • Non-isometric lines are drawn by transferring the
    ordinates (which are on isometric lines) of the end
    of the lines
    • Inclined and oblique surfaces are drawn using end
    coordinates. Box construction and offset
    measurements are common methods
    • In an isometric drawing, an angle never appears
    in its true size. Angles, irregular curves require
    special techniques
    Lecture 3 Sunday, 27 March 2016 16

    Objects with Normal Surfaces


    Make an Isometric Drawing with corner A
    at the bottom
    Lecture 3 Sunday, 27 March 2016 17

    Objects with Normal Surfaces


    Lecture 3 Sunday, 27 March 2016 18

    Objects with Oblique Surfaces


    • Make an Isometric Drawing with corner A
    at the bottom

    NON-ISOMETRIC LINE
    Lecture 3 Sunday, 27 March 2016 19

    Objects with Oblique Surfaces


    Lecture 3 Sunday, 27 March 2016 20

    Objects with Non-isometric


    Lines
    • Make an Isometric Drawing with apex A
    facing front
    Lecture 3 Sunday, 27 March 2016 21

    Objects with Non-isometric Lines

    Non-isometric lines are drawn with box construction


    and offset measurements

    Non-isometric lines are not drawn in true length in


    isometric drawing (BA is shorter than CA in this
    drawing)
    Lecture 3 Sunday, 27 March 2016 22

    Irregular Objects
    • Make an Isometric Drawing of the following
    irregular object (pyramid)
    Lecture 3 Sunday, 27 March 2016 23

    Irregular Objects

    • OA and OB offsets help to locate apex O


    • Complete box construction may not be
    needed in each case
    Lecture 3 Sunday, 27 March 2016 24

    Objects with Circular Geometry


    A circle in a orthographic projection will appear as
    an ellipse in an isometric drawing.
    Instead of actual ellipses often approximate ellipses
    are drawn for isometric drawing.
    Four-centre ellipses are used to approximate ellipses
    on isometric planes.

    How to draw four-centre ellipse???


    Lecture 3 Sunday, 27 March 2016 25

    Approximate Ellipse

    •Draw the isometric centre lines of the circle.


    Using the centre lines, draw an isometric square with sides
    equal to the diameter of the circle.
    •From the near corners of the box, draw two large arcs with
    radius R, using the two red points as centres.
    •Draw the two smaller arcs with radius r, using two green points
    as centres.
    Lecture 3 Sunday, 27 March 2016 26

    Cylinder
    Lecture 3 Sunday, 27 March 2016 27

    Objects with Circular Geometry


    Lecture 3 Sunday, 27 March 2016 28

    Objects with Non-Circular Curved


    Surfaces
    • Make an Isometric Drawing of the following
    curved object
    Lecture 3 Sunday, 27 March 2016 29

    Objects with Non-Circular Curved Surfaces

    •A line that appears as a noncircular curve in a normal


    orthographic view of an object appears as a non-isometric line in
    an isometric drawing.
    •Curves may be drawn using a series of points by measuring
    along the normal lines in the orthographic view (offset
    measurements) and transferring these points on isometric
    drawing. Accuracy increases with number of points.

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