PRACTICUM

DIGITAL ALBUM OF
SOCIAL SCIENTISTS
EDU 104.19 Understanding the Discipline of Social Science Education

Sandeep Sabu
1St Year B.Ed, Social Science
St. Thomas College Of Teacher Education, Mylacompu
Roll No. 90
PERSONAL LIFE
• He was born on 5 May 1818 in Trier, Germany
• He was born to Heinrich Max and Henriette Pressburg
• Jenny Von Westphalen was his spouse
• They had 7 children
• He passed away on 14th March 1883

EDUCATION AND CAREER

• He completed his studies from University of Bonn,
University of Berlin and University of Jena.
• His main Interests were Philosophy, Economics, History
and Politics.
• He worked as Economists, Historian and a Political
Activist
• He was a German philosopher, economist, historian,
sociologist, political theorist, journalist and socialist
revolutionary.
MAJOR WORKS
• The Holy Family – 1845
• The German Ideology – 1846
• The Communist Manifesto
• The Critique of Political Economy – 1859
• The Das Capital -1867
• The Poverty of Philosophy

MAJOR CONTRIBUTIONS
• Materialistic Interpretation of History
• Theory of Surplus Value
• Economic Determinism
• Dialectical Materialism
• Stages of History
• The Class Struggle
• Social Revolution
• The New Society
ISIDORE MARIE AUGUSTE FRANCOIS XAVIER COMTE is
the First Philosopher of Science in the modern sense of the term.

PERSONAL LIFE

• Comte was born on 19January 1798 in France

• He was born to Louise Auguste Xavier Comte who was a tax
officer and Rosalie Boyer
• He married Caroline Massine in 1825 and later they separated
in 1842
• He passed away on September 5 1857 in Paris

EDUCATION AND CAREER

AUGUSTE COMTE
• Comte was educated by private tutors until he was 9
• He studied in the University of Montpellier
• At the age of 16 he admitted to Ecole Polytechnique in Paris
• Comte lead his career life as a Philosopher, Mathematician,
Social Scientist, and as A Teacher of Journalism
MAJOR WORKS
• The Course on Positive Philosophy (1830–1842, six volumes)
• The System of Positive Polity, or Treatise on Sociology, Instituting the Religion of
Humanity, (1851–1854, four volumes)
• The Early Writings (1820–1829)

MAJOR CONTRIBUTIONS
• Comte a developed the Positivist Theory Of Sociology
• Law of 3 Stages in the account of Social Evolution was one of his prominent works
• Encyclopaedic Law, Altruism
• He was 1st to distinguish natural philosophy from science explicity
• The idea of progress
• Historical Determinism
 Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel was a German philosopher and
the most important figure in German idealism

PERSONAL LIFE
• Born on 27th August 1770, Stuttgart, Germany
• Hegel spent the years 1788–1793 as a student in nearby
Tübingen.
• Studied Philosophy and Theology
• He passed away on 14th November 1831

MAJOR WORKS
• Phenomenology of Spirit
• Science of Logic
• Philosophy of Nature
• Philosophy of Subjective and Objective Spirit
HEGAL • Philosophy of Absolute Spirit
MAJOR CONTRIBUTIONS
• Idealism as understood in the German tradition
• The traditional metaphysical view
• The post-Kantian (sometimes called the non-metaphysical)
• The revised metaphysical view of Hegel
• Dialectical Process
Maximilian Karl Emil Weber was a sociologist, Historian, Jurist and a
Political Economist

PERSONAL LIFE
• He was born on 21 April 1896 in Erfurt, a city of Prussia
• He was the eldest son of Max Weber, who was a civil servant and
Helen Fallenstein who was from a wealthy family
• He was born to a family with notable heritage.
• In 1893 He married to Marianne Schnitger who was a feminist
activist
• They would have no children
• He passed away in 14 June 1920 in Germany

MAJOR WORKS
• The Protestant Ethic and The Spirit of Capitalism [1904-05]
• Economy and Society [1922]
MAX
• General Economic History [1923]
WEBER
EDUCATION AND CAREER
• His disciplines were Economics, History, Sociology and Law
• Weber studied from the University of Gottingen, Humboldt University of Berlin, Heidelberg
University and Kaiserin Augusta Gymnasium
• In 1888 he joined 'VEREIN FOR SOCIAL POLITIK' a new professional association of German
Economists
• From 1893 Weber was a member of 'Alldeutscher Verband' [ A Pan German League]
• In 1894 He joined as an Economics Professor in Albert Ludwigs University
• In 1896 He joined as an Economics Professor at the University of Heidelberg
MAJOR CONTRIBUTIONS
• Knowledge: Neo-Kantianism
• Ethics: Kant and Nietzsche
• Rationalization as a Thematic Unity
• Calculability, Predictability, and World-Mastery
• Knowledge, Impersonality, and Control
• The “Iron Cage” and Value-fragmentation
• Reenchantment via Disenchantment
• Modernity contra Modernization
• Understanding (Verstehen)
• Ideal Type
• Domination and Legitimacy
• Charismatic Leadership Democracy
• Nationalism and Power Politics
• The Ethics of Conviction and Responsibility
 PERSONAL LIFE
• He was born on 30 June 1775 in Cork, Ireland
• He was born into the Anglo-Irish Ascendancy of
wealthy owners and merchants of Cork society.
• His father, Alderman John Thompson one of the
prosperent merchant of that city
• He was Unmarried
• Thompson became a non-smoker, Teetotaller and
vegetarian for the last 17 years of his life
• He passed away on 28 March 1833 due to Chest
affliction

WILLIAM
THOMPSON
CAREER
• He was an Irish political and philosophical writer
• He was a social reformer
• Thompson was an Egalitarian and democrat and He was labelled as ‘Red
Republican’.

MAJOR WORKS AND CONTRIBUTIONS

• Thompson made his notable points in a series of letters, the title is “ Practical
Education For South of Ireland”.
• An Enquiry into the principles of the distribution of wealth most conducive to
human happiness –and Labor Rewarded: The claims of Labor and Capital
Conciliated are the prominent book by Thompson.
 Father of History

PERSONAL LIFE
• He was born about 484 BC at the seacoast city of
Halicarnassus in Greece.
• He was exiled at the age of 32
• He traveled extensively to understand different
cultures.
• Died in 430 BC

MAJOR WORK
• The Persian War
HERODOTUS
MAJOR CONTRIBUTIONS
• Father of History
• Also called father of Prose writing
• Saved history from myths and ballads
• His book is the first historical work.
• Historical method interpretation
 PERSONAL LIFE
• Born on 22 April 1724, Königsberg
• He was Christian by birth
• Born and brought up in Germany
• As a Professor he taught Philosophy, Theology,
Anthropology, Geography and Natural Science
• Contemporary of Gibbon, Voltaire and Rousseau
• Died on 12 February 1804

MAJOR WORKS
• Critique of Pure Reason
• Principles of Metaphysics
IMMANUEL • Critique of Practical Reason

KANT
MAJOR CONTRIBUTIONS
• The idea of Romanticism
• Historical Enquiry and idea for Universal History considered
original contribution of Kant
• Historical learning and philosophical heed
 Philosopher Historian

PERSONAL LIFE
• Born in Germany on May 29th 1880
• Started his career as a high school teacher
• As a teacher he took much interest in various
disciplines such as History Philosophy Mathematics
and Natural Science
• His Doctoral Thesis is an interdisciplinary study of
History Philosophy and Natural Science, which made
his name ‘immortal’. OSWALD
• As a lover of simple rural life, he turned his attention
to develop his theories in connection with natural
SPENGLER
science.
MAJOR WORKS
• Decline of the West
• Man and Techniques
• Hour of Decision

MAJOR CONTRIBUTIONS
• Study of different cultures
• Remarkable achievement to history by his
‘Views on History’
 POSITIVIST PHILOSOPHER

PERSONAL LIFE
• Born in 1861 as the son of a Clergyman in England
• Right from his boyhood he started to read classical
literature
• At the age of 27 he became a popular writer in English
language
• He started his career as a writer
• Worked as professor in two universities, Dublin
university and Cambridge University
• Died in 1927
J.B BURY
MAJOR WORKS
• History of Greece
• The ideas of Progress
• A History of freedom of thought
• A History of later Roman Empire
• A history of the eastern Roman Empire
• Life of Patrick and his place in history

MAJOR CONTRIBUTIONS
• Contributions in the field of History, English and Philosophy.
• His knowledge in philosophy made him a man of reflective thought.
• Idealistic philosophy and naturalistic philosophy
 Ancient Greek Philosopher and Father of Political
Science
PERSONAL LIFE
• Born in Stagira in 384 BCE , in Thrace, near Macedonia
• He was Son of a court physician, Nicomachus
• He studied in Plato’s Academy, for 20 years 367-347 until
Plato’s death
• Died in 322 BC

MAJOR WORKS ARISTOTLE

• Politics
• Nicomachean Ethics
• Poetics
• The Metaphysics of Aristotle
• De Anima
• The Physics
MAJOR CONTRIBUTIONS
• In the field of logic, metaphysics, mathematics, physics, biology, botany,
ethics, politics, agriculture, medicine, dance and theatre.
• The Meaning and Purpose of Logic
• Demonstrative Syllogistic
• Induction, Experience, and Principles
• Rhetoric and Poetics
• Theoretical Philosophy
• Natural Philosophy
• Cosmology and Geology
• Biology
• Psychology
• Mathematics
• First Philosophy
• Practical Philosophy
• Habituation and Excellence
• Ethical Deliberation
• Self and Others
• The Household and the State