Inspection Requirements of Flanges

Inspection Requirements of Flanges
Flange
A flange is a method of connecting pipes,

valves, pumps and other equipment to
form a
Pipework system.
It also provides easy access for cleaning,

inspection or modification.
Flanges are usually welded or screwed

into such systems and then joined with
bolts.
Types of Flanges
Standard (B 16.5) is applicable for below 24inch.

Standard (B 16.47) is applicable for above 24inch
Threaded Flanges
• Threaded Flanges are also known as screwed

flange, and it is having a thread inside the
flange bore which fits on the pipe with
matching male thread on the pipe.
• This type of joint connection is Speedy and

simple but not suitable for high presser and
temperature applications.
• Threaded Flanges are mostly used in utility

services such as air and water.
Socket - Welded Flanges
• Socket-Weld Flanges has a female socket in

which pipe is fitted.
• Fillet welding is done from outside on the pipe.

Generally, it is used in small bore piping and
only suitable for low pressure and temperature
application.
Slip - On Flanges
• Slip-On flange has a hole with matching

outside diameter of pipe from which pipe can
pass.
• The flange is placed on pipe and fillet welded

from both inside and outside. Slip-On Flange
is suitable for low pressure and temperature
application.
• This type of flange is available in large size

also to connect big bore piping with storage
tank nozzles.
• Normally, these flanges are of forged

construction and are provided with the hub.
Sometimes, these flanges are fabricated from
plates and are not provided with the hub.
Lap Joint Flanges
• Lap flange is having two components, a stub

end, and a loose backing flange.
• Stub end is butt welded to the pipe and

Backing flange freely move over the pipe.
• The backing flange can be of different material

than stub material and normally of the carbon
steel to save the cost.
• Lap flange is used where frequent dismantling

is required, and space is constrained
Weld Neck Flanges
• Weld neck flange are most widely used

flanged in process piping.
• It gives the highest level of joint integrity due

to Butt-welded with a pipe.
• These types of flanges are used in high

pressure and temperature application.
• Weld neck flanges are Bulky & costly with

respect to other types of flange.
Weld Neck Flanges
• The blind flange is a blank disc with bolt hole.
• These types of flanges are used with another

type of flange to isolate the piping system or
to terminate the piping as an end.
• Blind flanges are also used as a manhole

cover in the vessel.
Flange Facing Types
Types of Flange facing
• Flat face
• Raised face
• Ring joint type face

Flange Facing Types
Flange face can be smooth or serrated type:
• Smooth finish is used with metallic gasket

whereas serrated finish is used with non-metallic
gasket.
• Soft material of gaskets is set in this serration and
prevent liquid or gas from passing from flange joint.
• Serration can be spiral or concentric rings as you

can see in the slide.
• Concentric rings type finishing is used when fluid is
of very low density.
• If you use spiral type finish with very low density fluid,
it may find leakage path through the spiral cavity.
• Serration of flange face is specified in RMS (Root
Mean Square) or AARH (Arithmetic Average Rough
Height), the most common value of serrated face is
120-250 AARH. Comparator gauge is used to check
serration of the flange.
Flange material
Flanges are manufactured from

• Carbon steel
• Low alloy steel
• Stainless steel - or
• Combination of Exotic materials (Stub) and other backing materials
List of materials used to manufacture flanges is covered in ASME B16.5 & B16.47.
• ASME B16.5 -Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings NPS ½” to 24”
• ASME B16.47 -Large Diameter Steel Flanges NPS 26” to 60”
Commonly used Forged material grades are

• Carbon Steel: - ASTM A105, ASTM A350 LF1/2, ASTM A181
• Alloy Steel: - ASTM A182F1 /F2 /F5 /F7 /F9 /F11 /F12 /F22
• Stainless Steel: - ASTM A182F6 /F304 /F304L /F316 /F316L/ F321/F347/F348
Flange Inspection
Following to be confirmed during inspection of flange
• Outer & Inner Diameter of body
• Bolt Circle & Bolt hole Diameter
• Hub Diameter & thickness of weld end
• Length of the Hub
• Straightness and alignment of the bolt hole
Note:
Permissible tolerances are given in B16.5 and B16.47 standard.
Flange Inspection
Marking
Marking
o Following shall be marked on flange body
 Manufacturer logo
 ASTM material code
 Material grade
 Service rating (Pressure-temperature Class)
 Size
 Thickness (Schedule)
 Heat No
 Special marking QT(Quenched and tempered) or W (Repair by welding)
Dimension Standard
• Dimension of flange to confirm
 ASME B16.5 – Pipe Flanges and Flanged fittings NPS ½” to

24”
 ASME B16.47 – Large Diameter Steel flanges NPS 26” to 60”
 Flange are classified as per their pressure temperature

ratings which are designated as 150#, 300#, 400#, 600#,
900#, 1500# and 2500#.
Visual Inspection
 Check for any surface imperfection and overall

product quality.
 Check for unfinished machine surface.
 Check for any serration damage on flange face.
 Being a machined product no surface defect is

acceptable.
CLASS 150 PIPE FLANGES AND FLANGED FITTINGS
Dimensions of Class 150 Flanges

Inspection Requirements of Flanges

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Inspection Requirements of Flanges

A flange is a method of connecting pipes,

It also provides easy access for cleaning,

Flanges are usually welded or screwed

Standard (B 16.5) is applicable for below 24inch.

• Threaded Flanges are also known as screwed

• This type of joint connection is Speedy and

• Threaded Flanges are mostly used in utility

• Socket-Weld Flanges has a female socket in

• Fillet welding is done from outside on the pipe.

• Slip-On flange has a hole with matching

• The flange is placed on pipe and fillet welded

• This type of flange is available in large size

• Normally, these flanges are of forged

• Lap flange is having two components, a stub

• Stub end is butt welded to the pipe and

• The backing flange can be of different material

• Lap flange is used where frequent dismantling

• Weld neck flange are most widely used

• It gives the highest level of joint integrity due

• These types of flanges are used in high

• Weld neck flanges are Bulky & costly with

• The blind flange is a blank disc with bolt hole.

• These types of flanges are used with another

• Blind flanges are also used as a manhole

Types of Flange facing

• Ring joint type face

Flange face can be smooth or serrated type:

• Smooth finish is used with metallic gasket

• Serration can be spiral or concentric rings as you

Flanges are manufactured from

Commonly used Forged material grades are

Following to be confirmed during inspection of flange

• Outer & Inner Diameter of body

• Bolt Circle & Bolt hole Diameter

• Hub Diameter & thickness of weld end

• Length of the Hub

• Straightness and alignment of the bolt hole

• Dimension of flange to confirm

 ASME B16.5 – Pipe Flanges and Flanged fittings NPS ½” to

 ASME B16.47 – Large Diameter Steel flanges NPS 26” to 60”

 Flange are classified as per their pressure temperature

 Check for any surface imperfection and overall

 Check for unfinished machine surface.

 Check for any serration damage on flange face.

 Being a machined product no surface defect is

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