Republic of the Philippines

BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY

College of Engineering, Architecture and Fine Arts
Pablo Borbon Main II, Alangilan, Batangas City, Philippines 4200

BASIC ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

LABORATORY EXPERIMENT NO. 4

PARALLEL RC AND RL CIRCUITS

Group No. 5

Aguda, Donjun C.

Esteban, Mica Ella R.

Fruelda, Kimberly D.

Garcia, Allyssa Joyce O.

Gonzales, Angel Rose D.

Vidal, Joachim Denzel S.

ChE 3201

Engr. Sarah Fruelda

Instructor

MAY 17, 2021

 EXPERIMENT NO. 4
Parallel RC and RL Circuits

I. INTRODUCTION

The characteristics of a parallel circuit, by definition, is that the same voltage

appears across all parallel branches. Therefore, in preparing a phasor diagram, for any
parallel circuit, the common voltage should be used as the reference phasor. Each
branch may then be considered separately and the total current is equal to the sum of
the individual currents.
In a parallel RC circuit, it consists of a resistor and a capacitor. This type of circuit
behaves differently depending on the supply used to it. When using a DC voltage, the
capacitor will reach the required amount of voltage rapidly, in which the current is only
flowing through the resistor. On the other hand, using an AC voltage prohibits the
capacitor to reached its final charge, thus it will carry some of the currents in the circuit.
In a parallel RL circuit has a resistor and inductor. Since the resistor and inductor
are connected in parallel, the voltage input is the same as the voltage output. However,
the currents flowing in resistor and inductor are different. This circuit is not commonly
used as compared to a series RL circuit because the output voltage is equal to the input
voltage. In addition, when using an AC power in this circuit, it offers a significant
impedance to the flow of current.

II. OBJECTIVES
The activity aims to:
1. Describe the relationship between current and voltage in RC and RL circuit.
2. Attain knowledge about Parallel RC and RL circuits.
3. Obtain values of impedance to know the accuracy of given circuit.
III. MATERIALS/TOOLS/EQUIPMENT
 100 w Lamp
 5 uf Capacitor
 1.389 H Inductor
 AC voltmeter
 AC ammeter
 AC supply
 Multisim

IV. PROCEDURES
A. RC Circuit
a. Connect the circuit shown in Figure 1 in Multisim.

Figure 1: Parallel RC circuit

b. Measure the total current and the current across the lamp and across the 5
uf capacitor. To measure the total current of the AC voltage (refer to Figure
2A). Turn on the run button to simulate the circuit. Record the current
reading for the AC voltage source. Repeat the step for to record the lamp
and 5 uf capacitor as shown in Figure 2B and 2C.
 Figure 2A: Total current

Figure 2B: Current across the lamp

 Figure 2B: Current across the 5uf capacitor

c. Measure the voltage of the source (eT), lamp (eR) and the capacitor (eC).
To measure the voltage across the source, refer to Figure 3A. Turn on the
simulation to enable the reading. Record the reading foe the voltage across
the source. Repeat the step to measure the voltage of the lamp and capacitor
shown in Figure 3B and 3C.

Figure 3A: Voltage of the source (eT)

 Figure 3B: Voltage of the lamp (eR)

Figure 3C: Voltage of the capacitor (eC)

d. Using Ohm’s Law, compute the voltage and current for each component.
Record it at Table 1 and 2. Use the formula

𝑒𝑅 𝑒𝐿 𝑒𝐶
𝑅= ; 𝑋𝐿 = ; 𝑋𝐶 =
𝑖𝑅 𝑖𝐿 𝑖𝐶

1 1 2 1 2
√
= ( ) +( )
𝑍 𝑅 𝑋𝐶
 e. Compute the magnitude and phase angle of the impedance using the
equation 1/Z = 1/R+(1/ – jXc, where Xc = 1/2πfC. Use the 5 uF for the value
of C.
f. Compute the percent difference between the measure and the computed
value of the impedance.

B. RL Circuit
a. Connect the circuit shown in Figure 4 on the Multisim.

Figure 4: Parallel RL Circuit

b. Measure the total current and the current across the lamp and across the
1.389 H inductor. To measure the total current of the AC voltage (refer to
Figure 5A). Turn on the run button to simulate the circuit. Record the
current reading for the AC voltage source. Repeat the step for to record the
lamp and 1.389 H inductor as shown in Figure 5B and 5C.
 Figure 5A: Total Current

Figure 5B: Current across the lamp

 Figure 5C: Current across the 1.389H inductor

c. Measure the voltage of the source (eT), lamp (eR) and the inductor (eL). To
measure the voltage across the source, refer to Figure 6A. Turn on the
simulation to enable the reading. Record the reading for the voltage across
the source. Repeat the step to measure the voltage of the lamp and inductor
shown in Figure 6B and 6C.

Figure 6A: Voltage of the source (eT)

 Figure 6B: Voltage of the lamp (eR)

Figure 6C: Voltage of the inductor (eL)

d. Using Ohm’s Law, compute the voltage and current for each component.
Record it at Table 1 and 2. Use the formula

𝑒𝑅 𝑒𝐿 𝑒𝐶
𝑅= ; 𝑋𝐿 = ; 𝑋𝐶 =
𝑖𝑅 𝑖𝐿 𝑖𝐶

𝑉𝑡
𝑍= = √𝑅2 + 𝑋𝐶2
𝐼𝑡
 e. Compute the magnitude and phase angle of the impedance using the
equation 1/Z = 1/R + (1/jXl), where Xl = 2πfL. Use the 1.389 H inductor
for the value of L.
f. Compute the percent difference between the measure and the computed
value of the impedance.

V. DATA AND RESULTS

A. Parallel RC Circuit
 Measure the total current and the current across the lamp and across the 5 uf
capacitor.

Figure 2A: Total current (618.848 mA)

 Figure 2B: Current across the lamp (454.477 mA)

Figure 2C: Current across the 5uf capacitor (420.023 mA)

 Measure the voltage of the source (eT), lamp (eR) and the capacitor (eC).
Figure 3A: Voltage of the source (eT = 219.954 V)

Figure 3B: Voltage of the lamp (eR = 219.954 V)

 Figure 3C: Voltage of the capacitor (eC = 219.955 V)

 Using Ohm’s Law, compute the voltage and current for each component.
Record it at Table 1 and 2. Use the formula
𝑒𝑅 𝑒𝐿 𝑒𝐶
𝑅 = ; 𝑋𝐿 = ; 𝑋𝐶 =
𝑖𝑅 𝑖𝐿 𝑖𝐶

1 1 2 1 2
= √( ) + ( )
𝑍 𝑅 𝑋𝐶

Computed Value from the given data:

Given:

P = 100 Watts

𝑉=220 𝑉

𝑓=60 𝐻𝑧

𝐶=5 𝜇𝐹

𝑉2
𝑃=
𝑅
𝑉2
𝑅=
𝑃
 (220 𝑉 )2
𝑅= = 𝟒𝟖𝟒 𝛀
100 𝑊

1 1
𝑋𝐶 = =
2𝜋𝑓𝐶 10−6 𝐹
2𝜋(60 𝐻𝑧) (5 𝑢𝐹 ∗ )
1 𝑢𝐹
𝑿𝑪 = 𝟓𝟑𝟎. 𝟓𝟏𝟔𝟒𝟕𝟕 𝛀

1 1 2 1 2
√
= ( ) +( )
𝑍 𝑅 𝑋𝐶
1
𝑍=
2 2
√( 1 ) + ( 1
)
484 Ω 530.516477 Ω
𝒁 = 𝟑𝟓𝟕. 𝟓𝟓𝟔𝟎𝟐𝟓𝟔 𝛀

For the total current:

𝑉 220 𝑉
𝐼𝑇 = =
𝑍 357.5560256 Ω
𝑰𝑻 = 𝟎. 𝟔𝟏𝟓𝟑 𝑨

For the current across the lamp:

𝑉 220 𝑉
𝐼𝐿 = =
𝑅 484 Ω
𝑰𝑳 = 𝟎. 𝟒𝟓𝟒𝟓 𝑨

For the current across the capacitor:

𝑉 220 𝑉
𝐼𝐶 = =
𝑋𝐶 530.516477 Ω
𝑰𝑪 = 𝟎. 𝟒𝟏𝟒𝟕 𝑨

Note that in parallel connection: V T = VL = VC = 220 V

Calculation for percent difference:

Total Current Difference (IT):

 𝐼𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑑 − 𝐼𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑘𝑏𝑒𝑛𝑐ℎ
%𝐷𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 = | | 𝑥 100
𝐼𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑑
0.6153 𝐴 − 0.618848 𝐴
%𝐷𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 = | | 𝑥 100
0.6153 𝐴
%𝑫𝒊𝒇𝒇𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒆 = 𝟎. 𝟓𝟕𝟔𝟔 %

Current Difference at Lamp (IL):

𝐼𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑑 − 𝐼𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑘𝑏𝑒𝑛𝑐ℎ
%𝐷𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 = | | 𝑥 100
𝐼𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑑
0.4545 𝐴 − 0.454477 𝐴
%𝐷𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 = | | 𝑥 100
0.4545 𝐴
%𝑫𝒊𝒇𝒇𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒆 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟓𝟏 %

Current Difference at Capacitor (IC):

𝐼𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑑 − 𝐼𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑘𝑏𝑒𝑛𝑐ℎ
%𝐷𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 = | | 𝑥 100
𝐼𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑑
0.4147 𝐴 − 0.420023 𝐴
%𝐷𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 = | | 𝑥 100
0.4147 𝐴
%𝑫𝒊𝒇𝒇𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒆 = 𝟏. 𝟐𝟖𝟑𝟔 %

Voltage Difference at Source (ET):

𝐸𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑑 − 𝐸𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑘𝑏𝑒𝑛𝑐ℎ
%𝐷𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 = | | 𝑥 100
𝐸𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑑
220 𝑉 − 219.954 𝑉
%𝐷𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 = | | 𝑥 100
220 𝑉
%𝑫𝒊𝒇𝒇𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒆 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐𝟎𝟗 %

Voltage Difference at Lamp (ER):

𝐸𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑑 − 𝐸𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑘𝑏𝑒𝑛𝑐ℎ
%𝐷𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 = | | 𝑥 100
𝐸𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑑
220 𝑉 − 219.954 𝑉
%𝐷𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 = | | 𝑥 100
220 𝑉
%𝑫𝒊𝒇𝒇𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒆 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐𝟎𝟗 %

Voltage Difference at Capacitor (EC):

𝐸𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑑 − 𝐸𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑘𝑏𝑒𝑛𝑐ℎ
%𝐷𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 = | | 𝑥 100
𝐸𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑑
220 𝑉 − 219.955 𝑉
%𝐷𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 = | | 𝑥 100
220 𝑉
%𝑫𝒊𝒇𝒇𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒆 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐𝟎𝟔 %

Table 1: Simulation and Computation Result of Voltage of the

Parallel RC Circuit

Voltage (V) R C Total

Workbench 219.954 V 219.955 V 219.954 V

Computation 220 V 220 V 220 V

% Difference 0.0209% 0.0206% 0.0209%

Table 2: Simulation and Computation Result Current of the

Parallel RC Circuit

Current (A) R C Total

Workbench 0.454477 A 0.420023 A 0.618848 A

Computation 0.4545 A 0.4147 A 0.6153 A

% Difference 0.0051% 1.2836% 0.5766%

 Compute the magnitude and phase angle of the impedance using the equation
1/Z = 1/R+(1/ – jXc, where Xc = 1/2πfC. Use the 5 uF for the value of C.
𝑉2
𝑃=
𝑅
𝑉2
𝑅=
𝑃
(220 𝑉 )2
𝑅= = 𝟒𝟖𝟒 𝛀
100 𝑊
1 1
𝑋𝐶 = =
2𝜋𝑓𝐶 10−6 𝐹
2𝜋(60 𝐻𝑧) (5 𝑢𝐹 ∗ )
1 𝑢𝐹
𝑿𝑪 = 𝟓𝟑𝟎. 𝟓𝟏𝟔𝟒𝟕𝟕 𝛀
1 1 1
= +( )
𝑍 𝑅 −𝑗𝑋𝐶
1 1 1
= +( )
𝑍 484 Ω −𝑗530.516477 Ω
𝒁 = 𝟑𝟓𝟕. 𝟓𝟓𝟔𝟎∠ − 𝟒𝟐. 𝟑𝟕𝟒𝟖°
𝜽 = −𝟒𝟐. 𝟑𝟕𝟒𝟖°

 Compute the percent difference between the measure and the computed value
of the impedance.

𝐸
𝑍=
𝐼

Measured Impedance:

219.954 𝑉
𝑍=
0.618848 𝐴
𝑍 = 355.4249 Ω
 Computed Impedance:

220 𝑉
𝑍=
0.6153 A
𝑍 = 357.5492 Ω

Percent Difference for Impedance:

𝑍𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑑 − 𝑍𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑘𝑏𝑒𝑛𝑐ℎ
%𝐷𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 = | | 𝑥 100
𝑍𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑑
357.5492 Ω − 355.4249 Ω
%𝐷𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 = | | 𝑥 100
357.5492 Ω
%𝑫𝒊𝒇𝒇𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒆 = 𝟎. 𝟓𝟗𝟒𝟏%

B. Parallel RL Circuit
 Measure the total current and the current across the lamp and across the 1.389 H
inductor.

Figure 5A: Total Current (615.273 mA)

 Figure 5B: Current across the lamp (454.501 mA)

Figure 5C: Current across the 1.389H inductor (414.69 mA)

 Measure the voltage of the source (eT), lamp (eR) and the inductor (eL).
Figure 6A: Voltage of the source (eT = 219.987 V)

Figure 6B: Voltage of the lamp (eR = 219.982 V)

 Figure 6C: Voltage of the inductor (eL = 219.983 V)

 Using Ohm’s Law, compute the voltage and current for each component. Record it
at Table 1 and 2. Use the formula
𝑒𝑅 𝑒𝐿 𝑒𝐶
𝑅 = ; 𝑋𝐿 = ; 𝑋𝐶 =
𝑖𝑅 𝑖𝐿 𝑖𝐶
𝑉𝑡
𝑍= = √𝑅2 + 𝑋𝐶2
𝐼𝑡

Computed Value from the given data:

Given:

P = 100 Watts

𝑉=220 𝑉

𝑓=60 𝐻𝑧

L=1.389 H

𝑉2
=
𝑅
𝑉2
𝑅=
𝑃
 (220 𝑉 )2
𝑅= = 𝟒𝟖𝟒 𝛀
100 𝑊

𝑋𝐿 = 2𝜋𝑓𝐿 = 2𝜋(60 𝐻𝑧)(1.389 𝐻 )

𝑿𝑳 = 𝟓𝟐𝟑. 𝟔𝟒𝟎𝟔𝟔𝟑𝟓 𝛀

1 1 1
= +( )
𝑍 𝑅 −𝑗𝑋𝐿
1 1 1
= +( )
𝑍 484 Ω −𝑗523.6406635 Ω
𝒁 = 𝟑𝟓𝟓. 𝟒𝟐𝟖𝟓 𝛀

For the total current:

𝑉 220 𝑉
𝐼𝑇 = =
𝑍 355.4285 Ω
𝑰𝑻 = 𝟎. 𝟔𝟏𝟗𝟎 𝑨

For the current across the lamp:

𝑉 220 𝑉
𝐼𝑅 = =
𝑅 484 Ω
𝑰𝑹 = 𝟎. 𝟒𝟓𝟒𝟓 𝑨

For the current across the inductor:

𝑉 220 𝑉
𝐼𝐿 = =
𝑋𝐿 523.6406635 Ω
𝑰𝑳 = 𝟎. 𝟒𝟐𝟎𝟏 𝑨

Note that in parallel connection: V T = VL = VC = 220 V

Calculation for percent difference:

Total Current Difference (IT):

𝐼𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑑 − 𝐼𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑘𝑏𝑒𝑛𝑐ℎ
%𝐷𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 = | | 𝑥 100
𝐼𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑑
 0.6190 𝐴 − 0.615273 𝐴
%𝐷𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 = | | 𝑥 100
0.6190 𝐴
%𝑫𝒊𝒇𝒇𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒆 = 𝟎. 𝟔𝟎𝟐𝟏 %

Current Difference at Lamp (IR):

𝐼𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑑 − 𝐼𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑘𝑏𝑒𝑛𝑐ℎ
%𝐷𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 = | | 𝑥 100
𝐼𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑑
0.4545 𝐴 − 0.454501 𝐴
%𝐷𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 = | | 𝑥 100
0.4545 𝐴
%𝑫𝒊𝒇𝒇𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒆 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟐 %

Current Difference at Inductor (IL):

𝐼𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑑 − 𝐼𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑘𝑏𝑒𝑛𝑐ℎ
%𝐷𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 = | | 𝑥 100
𝐼𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑑
0.4201 𝐴 − 0.41469 𝐴
%𝐷𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 = | | 𝑥 100
0.4201 𝐴
%𝑫𝒊𝒇𝒇𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒆 = 𝟏. 𝟐𝟖𝟕𝟗 %

Voltage Difference at Source (ET):

𝐸𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑑 − 𝐸𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑘𝑏𝑒𝑛𝑐ℎ
%𝐷𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 = | | 𝑥 100
𝐸𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑑
220 𝑉 − 219.987 𝑉
%𝐷𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 = | | 𝑥 100
220 𝑉
%𝑫𝒊𝒇𝒇𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒆 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟓𝟗 %

Voltage Difference at Lamp (ER):

𝐸𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑑 − 𝐸𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑘𝑏𝑒𝑛𝑐ℎ
%𝐷𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 = | | 𝑥 100
𝐸𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑑
220 𝑉 − 219.982 𝑉
%𝐷𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 = | | 𝑥 100
220 𝑉
%𝑫𝒊𝒇𝒇𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒆 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟖𝟐 %

Voltage Difference at Inductor (EL):

 𝐸𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑑 − 𝐸𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑘𝑏𝑒𝑛𝑐ℎ
%𝐷𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 = | | 𝑥 100
𝐸𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑑
220 𝑉 − 219.983 𝑉
%𝐷𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 = | | 𝑥 100
220 𝑉
%𝑫𝒊𝒇𝒇𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒆 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟕𝟕 %

Table 3: Simulation and Computation Result of Voltage of the

Parallel RL Circuit

Voltage (V) R L Total

Workbench 219.982 V 219.983 V 219.987 V
Computation 220 V 220 V 220 V
% Difference 0.0082% 0.0077% 0.0059%

Table 4: Simulation and Computation Result Current of the

Parallel RL Circuit

Current (A) R L Total

Workbench 0.454501 A 0.41469 A 0.615273 A

Computation 0.4545 A 0.4201 A 0.6190 A

% Difference 0.0002% 1.2879% 0.6201%

 Compute the magnitude and phase angle of the impedance using the equation 1/Z
= 1/R + (1/jXl), where Xl = 2πfL. Use the 1.389 H inductor for the value of L.
 𝑉2
𝑃=
𝑅
𝑉2
𝑅=
𝑃
(220 𝑉 )2
𝑅= = 𝟒𝟖𝟒 𝛀
100 𝑊

𝑋𝐿 = 2𝜋𝑓𝐿 = 2𝜋(60 𝐻𝑧)(1.389 𝐻 )

𝑿𝑳 = 𝟓𝟐𝟑. 𝟔𝟒𝟎𝟔𝟔𝟑𝟓 𝛀

1 1 1
= +( )
𝑍 𝑅 −𝑗𝑋𝐿
1 1 1
= +( )
𝑍 484 Ω −𝑗523.6406635 Ω
𝒁 = 𝟑𝟓𝟓. 𝟒𝟐𝟖𝟓∠ − 𝟒𝟐. 𝟕𝟒𝟕𝟏°
𝜽 = −𝟒𝟐. 𝟑𝟕𝟒𝟖°

 Compute the percent difference between the measure and the computed value of
the impedance.

𝐸
𝑍=
𝐼

Measured Impedance:

219.987 𝑉
𝑍=
0.615273 A
𝑍 = 357.5437 Ω

Computed Impedance:

220 𝑉
𝑍=
0.6190 A
𝑍 = 355.4120 Ω

Percent Difference for Impedance:

 𝑍𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑑 − 𝑍𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑘𝑏𝑒𝑛𝑐ℎ
%𝐷𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 = | | 𝑥 100
𝑍𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑑
355.4120 Ω − 357.5437 Ω
%𝐷𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 = | | 𝑥 100
355.4120 Ω
%𝑫𝒊𝒇𝒇𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒆 = 𝟎. 𝟓𝟗𝟗𝟖%

VI. ANALYSIS
A. Questions
a. Do the workbench and computational values of voltages and currents agree?
- Although there are small differences between the values obtained using
Multisim and manual calculations, the workbench and computational values of
voltage and currents agree with each other based on the formula and principle.
b. Give possible reasons for any discrepancies.
- The differences between the values acquired can be considered as negligible
due to the fact that only a small discrepancy in the decimal places which is due
to the errors or instrument inaccuracy (e.g. rounding off).

B. Circuit Design
a. Design a parallel RC circuit which consists of capacitor C and A 220 V, 100 W.
The total impedance of the circuit is 453.6712 ohms. Find the value of R and C.
Given:

𝑉 = 220 𝑉
𝑃 = 100 𝑊

In solving R,

𝑉2
𝑅=
𝑃
2202
𝑅=
100
𝑹 = 𝟒𝟖𝟒 𝜴

In solving C,
1 1 2 1 2
= √( ) + ( )
𝑧 𝑅 𝑋𝐶

2
1 1 1 2
√
= ( ) +( )
453.6712 𝛺 484 𝛺 𝑋𝐶

𝑋𝐶 = 1302.0680 𝛺

1
𝐶=
2𝜋𝑓𝑋𝐶
1
𝐶=
2𝜋(60 𝐻𝑧)(1302.0680 𝛺 )
𝑪 = 𝟐. 𝟎𝟑𝟕𝟐 𝝁𝑭

C. Problems
a. A coil having an impedance of 10+j5 is connected in parallel with a series
combination of a variable resistance R and a capacitor having a reactance of 8 ohms.
The combination is connected across a 24 V AC source. Determine the total current
drawn if R is adjusted in order to bring the total pf of the circuit to unity.

Given:

𝑍 = 10 + 𝑗5
𝑉 = 24 𝑉
𝑋𝐶 = 8 𝛺
𝐴𝑑𝑚𝑖𝑡𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑌 = 𝑌1 + 𝑌2
1 1
𝑌= +
𝑅 − 𝑗8 10 + 𝑗5
(𝑅 + 𝑗8) (10 − 𝑗5)
𝑌= +
(𝑅 + 𝑗8)(𝑅 − 𝑗8) (10 + 𝑗5)(10 − 𝑗5)
(𝑅 + 𝑗8) (10 − 𝑗5)
𝑌= +
𝑅2 + 64 100 + 25
 𝑅 𝑗8 10 𝑗5
𝑌=( )+ 2 + −
𝑅2 + 64 𝑅 + 64 125 125
𝑅 10 8 5
𝑌 = (( )+ )+ 𝑗( 2 − )
𝑅2 + 64 125 𝑅 + 64 125

Equation 1:

8 5
( 2 − )
125
tan Ɵ = 𝑅 + 64
𝑅 10
( 2 + )
𝑅 + 64 125

Equation 2:

𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 Ɵ = tan 0 = 0

Equating 1 and 2:

8 5
( 2 − )
𝑅 + 64 125
0=
𝑅 10
( 2 + )
𝑅 + 64 125
8 5
0= ( 2 − )
𝑅 + 64 125
8 5
( 2 = )
𝑅 + 64 125
25(8) = 𝑅2 + 64
𝑅2 = 200 − 64
𝑹 = 𝟏𝟏. 𝟔𝟔 𝜴

Using R = 11.66 Ω in admittance Y,

𝑅 10 8 5
𝑌 = (( )+ )+ 𝑗( 2 − )
𝑅2 + 64 125 𝑅 + 64 125
11.66 10 8 5
𝑌 = (( 2
)+ )+ 𝑗( 2
− )
11.66 + 64 125 11.66 + 64 125
𝑌 = (0.0583 + 0.08) + 𝑗(0.04 − 0.04)
𝑌 = 0.1383 𝑆

1
𝑍=
𝑌
1
𝑍=
0.1383
𝑍 = 7.2307 𝛺

𝑉
𝐼=
𝑍
24
𝐼=
7.2307
𝑰 = 𝟑. 𝟑𝟏𝟗𝟐 𝑨

b. Three impedance Za, Zc, Zr are connected in parallel. If a 60 Hz, Za=0 + j8, Zc =
0 – j2 and Zr = 5 + j0 ohms. Solve for the frequency at resonance.

Given:

𝑍𝑎 = 0 + 𝑗8
𝑍𝑐 = 0 − 𝑗2
𝑍𝑟 = 5 + 𝑗0

𝑋𝐿
𝐿𝑎 =
2𝜋𝑓
8
𝐿𝑎 =
2𝜋(60)
𝐿𝑎 = 21.2207 𝑚𝐻
 1
𝐶𝐶 =
2𝜋𝑓𝑋𝐶
1
𝐶𝐶 =
2𝜋(60)(2)
𝐶𝐶 = 1.3263 𝑚𝐹

1
𝑓𝑇 =
2𝜋√𝐿𝐶
1
𝑓𝑇 =
2𝜋√(21.2207)(1.3263)
𝒇𝑻 = 𝟑𝟎 𝑯𝒛

VII. CONCLUSION
In this experiment, it can be concluded the voltage across the circuit
whether it is RC or RL circuit has almost the same value since it is in a parallel
connection. The current in an RC circuit leads the voltage by 90 degrees while in an
RL circuit, the current lags the voltage by 90 degrees.
In addition, the data obtained from the multisim and the computed value
shown a small percentage of difference. These discrepancies is caused by human errors
such as miscalculation or getting an inaccurate data or can be a result of some technical
errors in the software.