AZAZ TEKNIK KIMIA II

TUGAS TERSTRUKTUR II
Disusun Oleh:

Kelompok 4
Putri Septiara Aji Sasmita 19031010044
Salma Putri Sekarningrum 19031010070
Lutfiana Utami 19031010071
Azmil Pratama Nugraha 19031010072
Putu Amrita Ajna 19031010073
Brayan Multirizky P. 19031010082
Saktyo Anindyo D. 19031010085
Meyse Linda Susanti 19031010086
Ahmad Thobroni Akbar 19031010088

UNIVERSITAS PEMBANGUNAN NASIONAL “VETERAN” JAWA

TIMUR
SURABAYA
2021
Soal ATK

24.4 What would Equation 24.1 simplify to if:

a. There are no moving parts in the system

b. Tsystem = Tsurrondings
c. The velocity at the inlet is that at the outlet
d. The process streams enter at an elevation of 10m and exit at an elevaton of
4m relative to earth

Answers

The equation 24.1 is

∆𝐸 = ∆(𝑈 + 𝑃𝐸 + 𝐾𝐸)𝑖𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 = 𝑄 + 𝑊 − ∆(𝐻 + 𝑃𝐸 + 𝐾𝐸)𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑤

a. If in the syste there are no moving parts, so the work (𝑊) = 0

b. If the temperature of system equal to temperature surrondings, so there is
no heat entering or leaving the system or 𝑄 = 0
c. If the velocity at the inlet is that at the outlet so there is no chage in
velocity or ∆(𝐾𝐸)𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑤 = 0
d. Difference in height is not equal to zero, it can be concluded that ∆𝑃𝐸 ≠
0
24.11 A large piston cylinder does 12,500 (lb)(lbf) of work in compressing 3 ft3 of
air to 25 psia. Five ponds of water in a jacket surrounding the cylinder
increased in temperature by 2.3℉ during the process. What was the change
in the internal energy of the air?
𝐵𝑡𝑢
Cp. water = 8.0 𝑙𝑏 𝑚𝑜𝑙 ℉

Solution:

Diketahui:

W = 12,500 (lb)(lbf)

M air = 5 lb

P1 = 3 ft3 of air

P2 = 25 psia

∆𝑇 = 2.3℉
𝐵𝑡𝑢
Cp. water = 8.0 𝑙𝑏 𝑚𝑜𝑙 ℉

Ditanya: ∆𝑈?

Jawab:

𝑄 = ∆𝑈 + 𝑊s

∆𝑈 = 𝑄 − 𝑊

W = 12,500 (lb)(lbf) = 0,0160633 𝐵𝑇𝑈

𝑄 = 𝑚 × 𝐶 × ∆𝑇
𝐵𝑇𝑈
𝑄 = 5 𝑙𝑏 × 8.0 𝑙𝑏 𝑚𝑜𝑙 ℉ × 2.3℉

𝑄 = 92 𝐵𝑇𝑈

∆𝑈 = 𝑄 − 𝑊
∆𝑈 = 92 𝐵𝑇𝑈 − 0,0160633 𝐵𝑇𝑈

∆𝑈 = 91,9839367 𝐵𝑇𝑈
24.19 Energy released by fruit and vegetables during cooling is called “heat of
respiration”. For potatoes the peak value is about 35 mW/kg at 5°C. Suppose
that in an insulated storage room 52 pallets each containing 24 boxes of
potatoes are stacked. Each box corresponds to 2.1 kg of cardboard and 20
kg of potatoes. The respective specific heats are 1.7 kJ/(kg)(°C) for the
cardboard, and 3.05 kJ/(kg)(°C) for the potatoes.
If the potatoes are cooled at the rate of 0.3 °C/hr, how must heat must
be removed from the room in kW? Neglect the effect of air in the room.

Solution :
Basis : 1 hour
Assume : (1) Thermal properties are constant
(2) No work is done
Closed unsteady-state system
The energy balance is
∆𝑈 = 𝑄 ∆𝑈 includes “heat of respiration” and change in temperature
The mass of potatoes is : (52)(24)(20) = 24,960 kg
The mass of the box is : (52)(24)(2.1) = 2,621 kg
Respiration = (24,960 kg)(0.035 W/kg) = 873.6 W
𝑘𝐽
𝑚𝐶𝑝 ∆𝑇 24,960 𝑘𝑔 × 3.05(𝑘𝑔)(℃)×−0.3 ℃
∆𝑈𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑜 = =
∆𝑡 1 ℎ𝑟
𝑘𝐽
∆𝑈𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑜 = −22,838 ℎ𝑟 = −6344 𝑊
𝑘𝐽
𝑚𝐶𝑝 ∆𝑇 2,621 𝑘𝑔 × 1.7(𝑘𝑔)(℃)×−0.3 ℃
∆𝑈𝑏𝑜𝑥𝑒𝑠 = =
∆𝑡 1 ℎ𝑟
𝑘𝐽
∆𝑈𝑏𝑜𝑥𝑒𝑠 = −1,337 ℎ𝑟 = −371 𝑊

Q = 873.6 – (6344 + 371) = -5842 W

So, the heat must be removed from the room is 5.84 kW

24.25 A turbine is installed between the supply stream at 1800 psia and 250℉ and
the outlet stream. The exit stream from the turbine is at 800 psia and 80℉,
and 25 Btu/lb of fluid are lost from the poorly insulated turbine. Indicate the
outlet states from the turbine and the throttling valve as points on the CO2
chart. See figure P24.25

a) How much useful work is extracted in the turbine?

b) The exhaust form the turbine enters a throttling valve and leaves at 140 psia
and 30% liquid, but the valve is not perfectly, insulated. What is the
temperature of the exhaust stream at 140 psia?
c) How much heat is lost from the poorly insulated valve?

Solution :

Part a

System turbine, assume the process is steady state open process.

The energy balance is

∆E = Q + W - ∆H - ∆Ep - ∆Ek
∆E = 0 → Steady state
∆Ep = 0
∆Ek = 0 → The effect is too small

So, the energy balance for turbine system is

∆E = Q + W - ∆H - ∆Ep - ∆Ek
0 = Q + W - ∆H – 0 - 0
∆H = Q + W

From figure J.2 Pressure entalphy chart for Carbon dioxide, we know that :
Tin = 250 ºF
Pin = 1800 psia
∆Hin = 177 btu/lb
Tout = 80 ºF
Pout = 800 psia
∆Hout = 135 btu/lb

With assume basis : 1 lb steam

∆H = Q + W
(∆Hout - ∆Hin) = Q + W
(135 btu/lb – 177 btu/lb) = (-25 btu/lb) + W
(-42 btu/lb) = (-25 btu/lb) + W
W = (-42 btu/lb) – (25 btu/lb)
W= (-17 btu/lb) → Work done by the turbine

Part b
The system is valve
CO2 is saturated in 140 psia, so energy balance want to be neede from figure
J.2 we can got the temperature is 38 ºF

Part c

Known :
Tin = 80 ºF
Pin = 800 psia
∆Hin = 135 btu/lb
Pout = 140 psia
% = 30%liquid
∆Hout = 95 btu/lb
Asked
Q=?
Answer
Q = ∆H
∆H = ∆Hout - ∆Hin
∆H = 95 btu/lb – 135 btu/lb
∆H = (-40 btu/lb) → heat removed
So, heat lost from the poorly insulated valve is -40 btu/lb
24.31 Feedwater heaters are used to increase the efficiency of steam power plants.
A particular heater is used to preheat 10 kg/s of boiler feed water from 20 C
to 188 C at a pressure of 1200 kPa by mixing it with saturated steam bled
from a turbine at 1200 kPa and 188 C. Although insulated, the heater loses
heat at the rate of 50 j per gram of exiting mixture. What fraction of the exit
stream is steam?

Saturated m2
15 kg/s
1200 kPa m3
1200 kPa
Steam 188 C
liquid
10 kg/s m1
1200 kPa
20 Cnhj

Answer =
➢ Given Data :
1. Stream 1
• M1 = 10 kg/s
• T1 = 20 C
• P1 = 1200 kPa
• D1 = 0.15 m
2. Stream 2
• M2 = 15 kg/s
• P2 = 1200 kPa
• D2 = 0.4 m
3. Stream 3
• P3 = 1200 kPa
• T3 = 188 C
• D3 = 0.13 m
 4. E = - 50 J/gram

➢ Calculation for the stream 1

From the steam table at 1200 KPa and 20C, Specific enthalpy and
specific volume is
h1=85.04 KJ/kg
v1=0.00100 m3/kg
A1 = (3.14/4) × 0.152 = 0.0177 m2
Q = m1 × v1 = 10 × 0.00100 = 0.01 m3/s
V1 = Q / A1 = 0.01 / 0.0177 = 0.5649 m/s

➢ Calculation for the stream 2

From the steam table at 1200 KPa and 20 C, Specific enthalpy and
specific volume is
h2 = 2783.7 KJ/kg
v2 = 0.1633 m3/kg
A2 = (3.14 / 4) × 0.42 = 0.126 m2
Q = m2 × v2 = 15 × 0.1633 = 2.4495 m3/s
V2 = Q / A2 = 2.4495 / 0.126 = 19.440 m/s

➢ Calculation for stream 3

A3 = (3.14 / 4) × 0.132 = 0.0133 m2
M3 = M1 + M2 = 10 +15 = 25 kg/s
From the steam table at 1200 KPa and 188∘C :
The specific volume of saturated liquid
Vf = 0.001138 m3/kg
The specific enthalpy of saturated liquid
Hf = 798.33 KJ/kg
The specific volume of saturated vapor
Vg = 0.1632 m3/kg
The specific enthalpy of saturated vapor
 Hg = 2783.7 KJ/kg
v3 = vf + x (vg – vf) = 0.001138 + x (0.1632 − 0.001138) = 0.001138 +
0.162062x
h3 = hf + x(hg − hf) = 798.33 + x (2783.7 − 798.33) = 798.33 + 1985.37x
Q = m3 × v3 = 25 × (0.001138 + 0.162062x) = (0.02845 + 4.05155x)
m3/s
V3 = Q / A = (0.02845 + 4.05155x) / 0.0133 = 2.1390 + 304.6278x

➢ Heat loss at the exit in kJ

Q = m3 × E = 25 × (−50) = −1250 KJ

➢ Energy balance
m3 (h3 + V32 / 2 + Z3g) − m2 (h2 + V22 / 2 + Z2g) − m1 (h1 + V12 / 2 +
Z1g) + W = Q
25 × ({798.33 × 103 + 1985.37 × 103x } + ({2.1390 + 304.6278x}2 / 2) +
0) – 15 × (2783.7 × 103 + 19.4402 / 2 + 0) – 10 × (85.04 × 103 +
0.564922 + 0) + 0 = − 1250 × 103
25 × ({798.33 × 103 + 1985.37 × 103x} + ({2.1390 + 304.6278x}2 / 2) +
0) − 41758334.35 − 850401.5956 + 1250000 = 0
1159.9762 × 103x2 + 49.65 × 106x − 21.4004 × 106 = 0
Solving quadratic equation
X = 0.4354

So, fraction of the exit stream is steam is X = 0.4354

A proposal to store Cl2 as a liduid at atmospheric pressure was recently in the news.
The operation is shown in Figure 24.37

Figure 24.37

The normal boiling point of Cl2 is -30°F. Vapor formed in the storage tank exits
through the vent and is compressed to liquid at 0°F and returned to the feed. The
vaporization rate is 2.5 tons/day when the sphere is filled to its capacity and the
surrounding air temperature is 80°F.
If the compressors are driven by electric motors and are about 30% efficient, what
is the hp input required to make this process succesful? Assume lines and heat
exchangers are well insulated. Use 8.1 Btu/(lb mol)(°F) for the heat capacity of
liquid Cl2. ∆Hvaporization = 123,67 Btu/lb Cl2.

SOLUTION
Basis : 100 lb/day liquid Cl2 feed at 8°F
Assume
1. Adiabatic operation of all units
2. Flow process, steady-state
 R

2,5 tons/day, 0°F

R
F ’ P
100 D
tons/d 100tons/day, -30°F
ay,
8°F
First find the enthalpy lost or gained by the Cl2 in the heat exchanger from which
we can get the work done by compressor A on the Freon.

Overall Cl2 balance through the heat exchanger

F + R = P
100 + 2,5 = 102,5

Energy balance for Cl2 through the heat exchanger

For a flow process: Q + W = ΔH, W = 0
Q = ΔH

Choose as the reference state liquid Cl2 at -30°F

ΔH = HP OUT - HF IN – HR IN
8,1 𝐵𝑡𝑢 𝑙𝑏 𝑚𝑜𝑙 102,5 𝑙𝑏 8,1 𝐵𝑡𝑢 𝑙𝑏 𝑚𝑜𝑙 102,5 𝑙𝑏
= ⟨(𝑙𝑏 𝑚𝑜𝑙)(ᵒF) | |
71 𝑙𝑏 100 𝑙𝑏 𝐹
⟩ [−30 − (−30)ᵒF] − ⟨(𝑙𝑏 𝑚𝑜𝑙)(ᵒF) | 71 𝑙𝑏 | 100 𝑙𝑏 𝐹 ⟩

8,1 𝐵𝑡𝑢 𝑙𝑏 𝑚𝑜𝑙 102,5 𝑙𝑏

[8 − (−30)ᵒF] − ⟨ | | ⟩ [0 − (−30)ᵒF]
(𝑙𝑏 𝑚𝑜𝑙)(ᵒF) 71 𝑙𝑏 100 𝑙𝑏 𝐹

= 0 – 433,5 – 8,55
𝐵𝑡𝑢
= -442,1 100 𝑙𝑏 𝐹
Consequently
Q = -442,1 Btu/100 lb F
This means heat is lost by the Cl2 and gained by the Freon

Energy Balance for the Freon flowing through compressor A:

Q + W = ΔH
But since the flow of Freon is cyclical
ΔH = 0
QFreon = -QCl2 = -(-442,1) = 442,1 Btu/100 lb F
𝐵𝑡𝑢
WA = QFreon = 442,1 100 𝑙𝑏 𝐹

Energi Balance for the Cl2 flowing through compressor B:

2,5 lb/day at -30ᵒF → 2,5 lb/day at 0ᵒF
Q + W = ΔH, Q = 0
ΔH = Enthalpy change across compressor = HR – HR’
Other units
W = 539 Btu/mole HR = CpΔT + ΔHvap
= 1.520.000 Btu/day

2,5 𝑙𝑏 8,1 4878 𝑐𝑎𝑙 1,8 𝐵𝑡𝑢/𝑙𝑏 1 𝑙𝑏 𝑚𝑜𝑙 2,5 𝑙𝑏

ΔH = 100 𝑙𝑏 𝐹 | 71 [0 − (−30)]|+ |𝑐𝑎𝑙/𝑔 𝑚𝑜𝑙 | |100 𝑙𝑏 𝐹|
𝑔 𝑚𝑜𝑙 71 𝑙𝑏
𝐵𝑡𝑢
= 8,55 + 309 = 317,5 100 𝑙𝑏 𝐹

Total work input needed to make the process operational

317,5 + 442,1 𝐵𝑡𝑢 2000 𝑙𝑏 100 𝑡𝑜𝑛 𝐹 778 (𝑓𝑡)(𝑙𝑏𝑓 ) 1 𝑑𝑎𝑦 ℎ𝑝 𝑚𝑖𝑛
Hp = | | | | 24 𝑥 60 𝑚𝑖𝑛 |33.000 𝑓𝑡 𝑙𝑏 | 0,30
100 𝑙𝑏 𝐹 𝑡𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑎𝑦 𝐵𝑡𝑢 𝑓

= 82.9 hp