Geo Installation

GEOMEMBRANE
INSTALLATION GUIDELINES & SPECIFICATIONS

FOR RUFCO 20, 30 AND 40 MIL UNREINFORCED
AND DURA-SKRIM J30, J36 AND J45 MIL REINFORCED
May 2008
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION PAGE
1.0 SUBGRADE PREPARATION 3

2.0 PANEL LAYOUT 4
3.0 IDENTIFICATION AND RECORD KEEPING 4
4.0 LOCATION 4
5.0 WEATHER CONDITIONS 4
6.0 METHOD OF INSTALLATION 5
7.0 GENERAL FIELD SEAMING REQUIREMENTS 5
8.0 DESTRUCTIVE SEAM TEST 6
9.0 NON-DESTRUCTIVE SEAM TEST 7
10.0 DEFECTS AND REPAIRS 9
11.0 SUGGESTED ATTACHMENT TO CONCRETE 10
12.0 PIPE BOOT ATTACHMENT 11
13.0 VENT POCKET DETAIL 11
PANEL LAYOUT LOG 12

SEAM LOG 13
SEAM TEST LOG 14
APPENDIX A DURA-SKRIM J-SERIES SCRIM RIENFORCED SPECIFICATION 15

APPENDIX B
RUFCO E30BS ENHANCED GRIP UNREINFORCED SPECIFICATION 22
APPENDIX C
RUFCO LINEAR LOW DENSITY POLYETHYLENE SPECIFICATION 27
PAGE 2
Membrane Installation
SCOPE: The following instructions are intended as guidelines for the installation of
Raven Industries 20, 30 & 40 mil unreinforced geomembranes and Dura-
Skrim J30, J36 and J45 mil geomembranes. However, it is vital that
individual engineer's detailed specifications and procedures are followed.
1.0 Subgrade Preparation
1.1 The foundation area for flexible membrane liners shall be smooth and free of
projections that might damage the liner. All stumps and roots shall be removed.
Rocks, hard clods, coarse gravel and other such material shall be removed or shall
be rolled so as to provide a smooth surface or shall be covered with a cushion of
fine soil. Subgrade must be compacted to comply with design specifications and
include a stable base to support equipment and necessary vehicle weight and shall
be free of standing water.
1.2 An effective sterilant shall be applied to the subgrade at the rate recommended by
the manufacturer, if installing on soil where seeds and/or plant roots are present.
1.3 The foundation area should be sloped if there is a possibility of gas pressure
buildup (through organic decay or water table fluctuations). A slope of not less than
1.5% is required. A venting medium, either geotextile or sand, is to be placed over
the entire bottom and sides slopes. Venting to the atmosphere will be through vents
placed as required for local conditions.
1.4 An anchor trench shall be excavated completely around the area to be lined at the
planned elevation
of the top of the
lining. The trench
shall be 24 inches
deep and about 12
inches wide, or
according to the
specifications of the
design drawing.
Care shall be taken
when constructing
the trench to avoid
construction
equipment from
coming in direct
contact with the
geomembrane
liner.
PAGE 3
2.0 Panel Layout
2.1 A layout drawing must be produced by the installer that specifies panel
configuration and field seam location(s).
3.0 Identification and record keeping
3.1 Record Forms: Proper documentation must be kept in a record form containing
the following information:
3.2 Panel Layout

(A) Each panel shall be assigned a numeric or alpha-numeric identifier.
(B) Panel configuration, showing factory seams and field seam location.
3.3 Identification
(A) Product type
(B) Panel identification number. (from label with bar code)
(C) Manufacturing date. (from label with bar code)
3.4 Field Seaming

(A) Welding equipment model and identification number
(B) Welding Technician Name
(C) Temperature control settings
(D) Date
(E) Time
(F) Location
(G) Ambient temperature
3.5 Seam Test Results

(A) Vacuum test settings (typically used for extrusions welds and repairs)
(B) Air pressure test settings (typically used for double track welds)
(C) Seam Strength results
4.0 Location
4.1 Panels are to be placed in their respective locations as specified by the layout
drawings. An as-built drawing must be completed indicating actual panel
placement, seams and patches.
PAGE 4
5.0 Weather Conditions
5.1 Unacceptable conditions for panel installation include: precipitation or the presence of
any standing water, high winds, or extreme temperatures. Ideal installation air
temperatures should range between 40ºF and 90ºF. During extremely warm or cold
temperatures it is recommended that frequent trial seams are made and evaluated to
ensure that the welders are properly set up for the conditions.
6.0 Method of Installation
6.1 The method, personnel, and equipment used for panel installation must not damage
the membrane or the supporting subgrade surface. All installers must wear non-
damaging footwear. Smoking or any action that may result in damage to the
geomembranes in any way will not be allowed. Proper repair procedures must be
followed should any damage occur.
6.2 Panels should be positioned to minimize handling and to allow enough slack to
compensate for shrinkage.
7.0 General Field Seaming Requirements
7.1 There are several different types of field welding equipment available. The most
common are fusion welding and extrusion filet welding. Sewing, taping, gluing and
solvent welding are not acceptable for field seaming Raven unreinforced
geomembranes. Extrusion welding is preferred for repairs, patching and installing pipe
boots.
7.2 Welding Equipment
(A) Fusion welding

consists of placing a self-
propelled hot wedge or hot
air welder between two
overlapped panel edges.
The welders heat and melt
the surface of the
geomembrane and then
compress the material
between two rollers where
the combination of heat and
pressure creates a fusion
weld.
(B) Extrusion fillet welding consists of extruding a bead of m olten resin along
the edge of a panel lapped on top of another panel. The molten resin causes
the melting of each sheet, which results in a homogeneous bonding of the
panels. The polyethylene rod used for welding must be compatible with the
liner material.
PAGE 5
7.3 Seaming Personnel
7.4 All personnel performing seaming operations must be trained on the specific
equipment to be used, and the seaming techniques recommended by the equipment
manufacturer. A project foreman must supervise all personnel to insure proper
seaming procedures are followed.
7.5 Seaming Procedures
7.6 Welders must be set up and adjusted per welder manufacturer requirements. Welders
must be allowed to heat up as specified by the welder manufacturer. Extrusion fillet
welders must be purged of degraded material before use. Monitor and m aintain proper
edge overlap and operating temperature of the sealing apparatus during the seaming
process.
(A) Seam Preparation
1 Overlap panel edges a minimum of four (4) inches, or as specified by

the welder manufacturer. Extrusion fillet welding requires six (6) inch
overlap.
2 Seal defects must be repaired; “fish mouths” must be trimmed, laid flat
and patched.
3 Clean the welding surfaces prior to welding to assure the seam is free of
moisture, dust, dirt, or any debris.
4 For extrusion fillet welding the surfaces do not need to be abraded

(roughened). If surfaces are cleaned by abrading be careful not to
abrade too much and damage the material. If dam age occurs the proper
repair technique must be followed.
8.0 Destructive Seam Test
8.1 Make test runs of the seams before beginning actual production seaming in order to
make sure equipment is setup correctly. These tests should be run at least every five
(5) hours. Note: These are clock hours, not operating hours.
8.2 Test Seam Description
8.3 Test seams shall be performed using pieces of liner long enough for the welder
temperatures to stabilize. Follow the welder manufacturer’s recommendations. At a
minimum, fusion welded seam samples will be 10 feet long and extrusion welded
seams 3 feet long. Cut test specimens from the end of the test seams. Test seams
must be made under the same conditions as the actual sealing process.
PAGE 6
8.4 Peel Test Procedure
(A) Unless otherwise required, only seam peel tests need to be done in the field.
For unreinforced geomembrane seam peel should be tested in accordance with
ASTM D 6392 using the 90º T-peel method. Test five samples one inch wide,
pulled at a rate of 20 inches/minute using a field tensiometer. The failure must
be a film tear bond (FTB). A FTB is failure of one of the parts of a ply by
tearing, instead of separating from the other part of the specimen in a peel type
failure. Samples that do not fail within the stroke of the field tensiometer and
elongate more than 50% may be considered passing.
Unless otherwise required, 4 passing samples out of 5 will be acceptable. If

more specimens fail in a peel type mode, the procedure shall be repeated
using another set of samples. If the second set of specimens fails, the welding
procedure shall not be accepted until the deficiencies are corrected and a
passing seam is achieved. See the procedure for removal of bad seams in
Section 10.6. Documentation of test seams must list: peel failure m ode, welding
machine number, welder's name, time, date and temperature control setting.
For reinforced geomembranes seal test should be perform ed per ASTM D4437-
99.
9.0 NON-DESTRUCTIVE SEAM TEST
9.1 100 Percent of the field seams will be tested for leaks. The preferred test methods are
vacuum box and air pressure testing
9.2 Vacuum Test Equipment: The vacuum box consists of a rigid housing with a clear
viewing window, soft neoprene gasket, valve assembly, vacuum gauge, pressure
controlled vacuum pump, and container of soapy solution. Vacuum box and
procedures should be in accordance with ASTM D-5641.
9.3 Vacuum Testing Procedure
(A) Trim excess overlap from seal, if any, and apply a generous amount of soapy
solution to test area.
(B) Place the box over the area and press downward to "seat" the gasket strip
against the liner to ensure a leak tight seal.
(C) Close the bleed valve and open the vacuum valve. Apply a minimum of eight
inches of Hg. (4 PSI.) vacuum.
(D) Monitor, at least 10 seconds, for air bubbles forming on the inside of the
gasket.
PAGE 7
(E) If no bubbles appear after 10 seconds, close the vacuum valve and open bleed
valve. Continue along the seam maintaining at least a three (3) inch overlap
between test areas. All field seams and repairs must be inspected in this
manner except for seams that can be tested using the air pressure method.
(F) If bubbles appear, mark all areas and follow proper repair procedures before
rechecking.
(G) Record test data including: date of seam fabrication, date of test, ambient
temperature, typical vacuum pressure, hold duration, foaming solution, and
location and size of all defects
NOTE: 1 inch of Hg. (mercury) = .5 P.S.I.

1 Bar = 14.5 P.S.I.
1 P.S.I = 6.8 kPa
9.4 Air Pressure Testing
The wedge welded seam process creates a

hollow channel approximately 3/8 of an inch
between the two weld seal. The sealed
channel is inflated to a predetermined air
pressure and is observed over a period of
time for stability. This test should be
performed in accordance with ASTM D-5820
9.5 Air Pressure Testing Equipment
(A) An air pump capable of

generating and sustaining pressures
up to 30 P.S.I. is required.
9.6 Air Pressure Testing Procedure
(A) Seal both ends of the seam to

be tested and insert a pressure feed
device into sealed channel. Unless
other requirements are given the
following pressures and times may be
used. Inflate to a pressure in
accordance with the following chart,
close valve, and observe the initial
pressure after 2 minutes
PAGE 8
(B) Initial Pressure
Material (Mil) Min. PSI Max. PSI PSI Diff.
20-45 20 25 4
NOTE: If gauges are in bars use 1 Bar = 14.5 P.S.I.
(C) Initial pressure settings are read after a two minute relaxing period. The air is
given time to stabilize during the period.
(D) Observe and record the air pressure 5 minutes after the relaxation period ends.
Subtract this pressure from the initial pressure and compare it to the allowable
maximum pressure difference listed in the initial Pressure Chart. (See 9.6 B).
If pressure does not stabilize, locate and repair the faulty area. At the
conclusion of the pressure test the end of the seam opposite the pressure
gauge is cut. A decrease in the gauge pressure must be observed or the
channel will be considered blocked and the test will have to be repeated after
the blockage is removed.
(E) Remove the pressure feed device and seal the resulting hole by extrusion
welding.
(F) Record test data including: date of seam fabrication, date of test, ambient
temperature, inflation pressure, hold duration, pressure after hold, and location
and size of all defects
10.0 Defects and Repairs
10.1 All defects and repairs must be marked, repaired, and documented. A complete
search must be conducted throughout the entire surface of the geom embrane. Defects
may consist of holes, snags, or any penetrations.
10.2 Small holes or snags 1/4" in diameter or less, may be repaired using the extrusion
welding process.
10.3 Large holes or tears larger than ¼” in diameter must be repaired by “overlaying” a
patch consisting of the geomembrane itself. This patch must extend beyond the
damaged area by at least 6” in every direction. The patch shall have all corners
rounded with at least a 1 ½ inch radius for ease of extrusion welding.
PAGE 9
10.4 The patch shall be "spot welded" in
place and extrusion welded around the
entire perimeter.
10.5 All extrusion weld repairs must be

vacuum tested to assure a proper repair
(See 9.3).
10.6 Removal of bad seams shall be repaired

in the same manner as large holes. The
defective seam shall be removed and
patched with an overlay patch and
extrusion welded.
11.0 Suggested Attachment to Concrete
11.1 ASTM D 6497 also provides valuable

attachment information. Concrete
attachment areas shall be designed with
rounded edges and prepared with as
smooth of a surface as possible.
11.2 Horizontal attachments to concrete are preferred over vertical attachm ents if possible.
11.3 At the attachment point the

geomembrane shall be sandwiched
between two neoprene gaskets 1/4"
thick x 1 1/2" wide and capped with a 1
3/8" wide x 1/4" thick stainless steel
batten strip, or a 1 3/8" wide x 3/8" thick
aluminum batten strip.
11.4 Gaskets, geomembrane, and batten

strip may be attached with 3/8" Dia. x 3"
long wedge type stainless steel anchor
bolts 8" on center. The top edge of the
gaskets and geomembrane should be
caulked with a General Electric Sealer,
RTV 103, or equivalent to prevent
seepage behind liner. If for strictly
fastening purposes only, a pressure
treated wooden batten strip (2" x 4")
attached to concrete by stainless steel
power nails 12" on center is acceptable.
PAGE 10
12.0 Pipe Boot Attachment
12.1 ASTM D 6497 also provides

valuable attachment information.
Pipe boots can be fabricated from
the geomembrane. Fabrication
and attachment of the boot to the
geomembrane should be done
with the extrusion welding
process.
12.2 The geomembrane should be

sealed to the pipe with a
neoprene gasket and a stainless
steel clamp sealed on the edge of
the geomembrane with a General Electric Sealer, RTV 103, or equivalent.
NOTE:
The types of mechanical

fastening will vary with the
application and project. The
attached drawings only
demonstrate a general standard
method. Strict compliance with
the design engineer's
specifications and
recommendations is vital.
13.0 Pocket vents may be installed to

allow air trapped under the
geomembrane during installation or gasses given off by certain soil types to escape.
PAGE 11
Panel Layout Log
Project Name: ___________________ Site Manager: ____________________

Location: _______________________ Material: ________________________
Job Number: ____________________ Thickness________________________
Deployment Date: ________________
Panel Number Roll Number(s) Manufacturing Date Width (feet) Length (feet)
As built Drawing
PAGE 12
Seam Log
Project Name: _____________________________ Site Manager: ______________________________

Location: _________________________________ Material: __________________________________
Job Number: ______________________________ Thickness__________________________________
Seam Date of Time seam Ambient Type of Length Machine Temperature Technician
Number weld started temperature weld (feet) Number settings ID Number
PAGE 13
Seam Test Log
Project Name: _____________________________ Site Manager: ______________________________

Location: _________________________________ Material: __________________________________
Job Number: ______________________________ Thickness__________________________________
Destructive test log

Date of Time Ambient Type of Temperature Machine Technician Pass/Fail Next seal
Weld Started Temperature Weld Settings Number ID Number Peel test Number
Non-destructive test log

Seal Test Ambient Vacuum Or Air Pressure Test Pass/Fail Repair Locations
Number Date Temperature pressure PSI Start Psi End
PAGE 14
Appendix A
REINFORCED POLYETHYLENE GEOMEMBRANE SPECIFICATION
Reinforced Polyethylene Geomembranes serve as liners and covers to contain water,

leachate or other liquids. As a liner they can contain the liquid to prevent leakage or
environmental impact and as a cover to minimize evaporation or contamination. It is of
great importance that the Reinforced Polyethylene Geomembrane be free from defects and
installed without damage.
A. DESCRIPTION
1. General:
The purpose of this specification is to provide details of Manufacturing

Quality Control (MQC), Manufacturing Quality Assurance (MQA),
Construction Quality Control (CQC), and Construction Quality Assurance
(CQA) for the manufacture and pre-assembly of geomembrane products.
The Contractor shall furnish all labor, material, and equipment to install the
Reinforced Polyethylene Geomembrane including all necessary and
incidental items as detailed or required to complete the installation in
accordance with the Contract Drawing and these Specifications
2. Related Work:
Related Contract Work is described in the following section of the

specification as approved by the CQA Engineer.
3. Reference Standards:
ASTM D5199 Standard Test Method for Measuring the Nominal

Thickness of Geosynthetics.
ASTM D5261 Standard Test Method for Measuring Mass per Unit Area
of Geotextiles.
ASTM D6636 Standard Test Method for Determination of Ply Adhesion

Strength of Reinforced Geomembranes.
ASTM D7003 Standard Test Method for Strip Tensile Properties of

Reinforced Geomembranes.
ASTM D5884 Standard Test Method for Determining Tearing Strength of

Internally Reinforced Geomembranes.
PAGE 15
ASTM D7004 Standard Test Method for Grab Tensile Properties of
Reinforced Geomembranes.
ASTM D4533 Standard Test Method for Trapezoid Tearing Strength of

Geotextiles.
ASTM D4833 Standard Test Method for Index Puncture Resistance of

Geomembranes and Related Products.
4. Quality Assurance:
Quality Assurance during installation of Reinforced Polyethylene

Geomembrane will be provided by the Owner as described in the
accompanying Project CQA Manual.
5. Manufacturers Qualifications:
a. The Manufacturer shall have previously demonstrated his ability to

produce the required Reinforced Polyethylene Geomembrane by
having successfully manufactured a minimum of 10,000,000 ft2 of
scrim reinforced Polyethylene Geomembrane.
b. Manufacturer must be ISO 9001 certified
6. Installer Qualifications:
The Reinforced Polyethylene Geomembrane Installer shall have installed a

minimum of 500,000 ft2 of Reinforced Polyethylene Geomembrane (or
similar material).
7. Warranties:
The manufacturer of the Reinforced Polyethylene Geomembrane will

warrant the material to the installer on a pro rata basis for up to 20 years
after the final acceptance of the work, based on thickness of product, the
application and location of the installation. This warranty shall include but
not be limited to defects related to workmanship and manufacturing.
PAGE 16
B. MATERIALS
1. General:
The materials supplied under these Specifications shall consist of first-

quality 100% virgin products designed and manufactured specifically for
the purpose of this work, which shall have been satisfactorily
demonstrated, by prior use, to be suitable and durable for such purposes.
2. Reinforced Polyethylene Geomembrane Materials:
a. Reinforced Polyethylene Geomembrane shall be manufactured to

meet the following requirements:
(1) Provide finished product free from holes, pin holes, bubbles,
blisters, excessive gels, undispersed resins and/or carbon
black, or contamination by foreign matter.
(2) Reinforced Polyethylene Geomembrane shall be a Linear

Low Density Polyethylene Geomembrane composed of a
heavy encapsulated 1300 denier polyester tri-directional
reinforcement.
b. Approved Reinforced Polyethylene Geomembrane:
(1) Dura-Skrim J30BB

Dura-Skrim J36BB
Dura-Skrim J45BB
NSF 61 Certified Geomembranes
Dura-Skrim J30WB6
Dura-Skrim J36WB6
Dura-Skrim J45WB6
As manufactured by Raven Industries of Sioux Falls, SD.

.
(2) Equal material, as approved by the Engineer.
PAGE 17
C. FACTORY FABRICATION
1. The Reinforced Polyethylene Geomembrane shall be supplied in panels

which shall be of maximum size to provide the largest manageable sheet for
the fewest seams.
2. Factory seams are produced by thermal sealing methods and shall have a
minimum seam width of 1 ½ inch scrim to scrim.
3. Factory seams are 100% visually inspected and destructive testing is done
to verify quality compliance.
4. Labels on the panels shall identify the thickness, length, width, lot and
panel numbers, and name of Manufacturer.
5. Factory pre-assembled panels are accordion folded and rolled on a

cardboard core. Rolled panels are wrapped in a protective layer for
shipment.
D. SUBMITTALS
The Contractor shall submit the following to the CQA Engineer:
1. Pre-Installation Requirements:
Prior to Reinforced Polyethylene Geomembrane installation the Contractor

shall submit the following:
a. Certificate of Conformance and Sample: Prior to shipping to the

site, the Contractor shall submit a certificate or affidavit signed by a
legally authorized official of the Manufacturer for the Reinforced
Polyethylene Geomembrane attesting that the Reinforced
Polyethylene Geomembrane meets the physical and manufacturing
requirements stated in these Specifications. The Contractor shall
also submit a sample of the Reinforced Polyethylene Geomembrane
to be used (sample may be of different color). The sample shall be
labeled with the product name and be accompanied by the
Manufacturer's specifications.
b. Shipping, Handling, and Storage Instructions: The Manufacturer's

plan for shipping, handling, and storage shall be submitted for
review.
c. Installation Procedures:
PAGE 18
Submit installation procedures for carrying out the work.
Installation procedures to be addressed shall include but not be
limited to material installation, repair, and protection to be provided
in the event of rain or strong winds. With regard to protection, the
Contractor shall provide a plan of anchoring the Reinforced
Polyethylene Geomembrane sufficient to satisfy the Contractor’s
Performance Warranty. This plan shall be approved by the Engineer
prior to construction.
d. Furnish copies of the delivery tickets or other approved receipts as

evidence for materials received that will be incorporated into the
construction.
2. Post-Installation Requirements:
Upon completion of the Reinforced Polyethylene Geomembrane

installation, the Contractor shall submit the following:
a. Completed material performance warranty.
E. SITE PREPERATION AND INSTALLATION
1. Installation shall be in done in accordance with the manufactures

Geomembrane Installation Guidelines.
TABLE 1:
REQUIRED REINFORCED POLYETHYLENE GEOMEMBRANE PROPERTIES
30 MIL.
MIMIMUM TYPICAL
TEST UNITS
PROPERTY ROLL ROLL
METHOD
AVERAGES AVERAGES
Thickness ASTM D5199 Mils 27 30
Weight ASTM D5261 Lbs. 126 140
Ply Adhesion ASTM D6636 Lbs. 16 20
88 MD 110 MD
1” strip tensile ASTM D7003 Lbf.
63 DD 79 DD
PAGE 19
75 MD 97 MD
Tongue Tear ASTM D5884 Lbf.
75 DD 90 DD
Grab Tensile 180 MD 218 MD

ASTM D7004 Lbf.
Strength 180 DD 210 DD
120 MD 146 MD
Trap Tear ASTM D4533 Lbf.
120 DD 141 DD
Puncture
ASTM D4833 Lbf. 50 64
Resistance
MD Machine Direction DD Diagonal Direction
TABLE 2:
REQUIRED REINFORCED POLYETHYLENE GEOMEMBRANE PROPERTIES
36 MIL.
MIMIMUM TYPICAL
TEST UNITS
PROPERTY ROLL ROLL
METHOD
AVERAGES AVERAGES
90 MD 113 MD
70 DD 87 DD
75 MD 104 MD
75 DD 92 DD

ASTM D7004 Lbf.
130 MD 189 MD
130 DD 172 DD
Puncture
ASTM D4833 Lbf. 65 83
Resistance
TABLE 3:
PAGE 20
REQUIRED REINFORCED POLYETHYLENE GEOMEMBRANE
PROPERTIES 45 MIL.
MIMIMUM TYPICAL
TEST UNITS
PROPERTY ROLL ROLL
METHOD
AVERAGES AVERAGES
110 MD 138 MD
84 DD 105 DD
100 MD 117 MD
100 DD 118 DD

ASTM D7004 Lbf.
160 MD 193 MD
160 DD 191 DD
Puncture
ASTM D4833 Lbf. 80 99
Resistance
Notes:
1. The Engineer may allow alternates to these requirements.
PAGE 21
Appendix B
ENHANCED GRIP UN-REINFORCED POLYETHYLENE GEOMEMBRANE

SPECIFICATION
Enhanced Grip Un-reinforced Polyethylene Geomembranes serve as liners to contain

water, leachate or other liquids. As a liner they can contain the liquid to prevent leakage or
environmental impact. It is of great importance that the Enhanced Grip Un-reinforced
Polyethylene Geomembrane be free from defects and installed without damage.
A. DESCRIPTION
1. General:

Enhanced Grip Un-reinforced Polyethylene Geomembrane including all
necessary and incidental items as detailed or required to complete the
installation in accordance with the Contract Drawing and these
Specifications
2. Related Work:


ASTM D5261 Standard Test Method for Measuring Mass per Unit Area
of Geotextiles.
ASTM D4882 Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Thin

Plastic Sheeting.

PAGE 22
ASTM D1709 Standard Test Methods for Impact Resistance of Plastic
Film by the Free-Falling Dart Method.
Quality Assurance during installation of Enhanced Grip Un-reinforced

Polyethylene Geomembrane will be provided by the Owner as described in
the accompanying Project CQA Manual.

produce the required Enhanced Grip Un-reinforced Polyethylene
Geomembrane by having successfully manufactured a minimum of
10,000,000 ft2 of Enhanced Grip Un-reinforced Polyethylene
Geomembrane.
The Enhanced Grip Un-reinforced Polyethylene Geomembrane Installer

shall have installed a minimum of 500,000 ft2 of Enhanced Grip Un-
reinforced Polyethylene Geomembrane (or similar material).
7. Warranties:
The manufacturer of the Enhanced Grip Un-reinforced Polyethylene

Geomembrane will warrant the material to the installer on a pro rata basis
for up to 15 years after the final acceptance of the work, based on the
application and location of the installation. This warranty shall include but
not be limited to defects related to workmanship and manufacturing.
B. MATERIALS
1. General:

2. Enhanced Grip Un-reinforced Polyethylene Geomembrane Materials:
a. Enhanced Grip Un-reinforced Polyethylene Geomembrane shall be

manufactured to meet the following requirements:
PAGE 23
(2) Enhanced Grip Un-reinforced Polyethylene Geomembrane

shall be a multi-layer Premium Linear Low Density
Polyethylene Geomembrane
b. Approved Enhanced Grip Un-reinforced Polyethylene

Geomembrane:
(1) Rufco E30BS

.
1. The Enhanced Grip Un-reinforced Polyethylene Geomembrane shall be

supplied in panels which shall be of maximum size to provide the largest
manageable sheet for the fewest seams.
minimum seam width of 1 ½ inch.

shipment.
D. SUBMITTALS
PAGE 24
Prior to Enhanced Grip Un-reinforced Polyethylene Geomembrane
installation the Contractor shall submit the following:

legally authorized official of the Manufacturer for the Enhanced
Grip Un-reinforced Polyethylene Geomembrane attesting that the
Enhanced Grip Un-reinforced Polyethylene Geomembrane meets
the physical and manufacturing requirements stated in these
Specifications. The Contractor shall also submit a sample of the
Enhanced Grip Un-reinforced Polyethylene Geomembrane to be
used (sample may be of different color). The sample shall be labeled
with the product name and be accompanied by the Manufacturer's
specifications.

review.

Contractor shall provide a plan of anchoring the Enhanced Grip
Un-reinforced Polyethylene Geomembrane sufficient to satisfy the
Contractor’s Performance Warranty. This plan shall be approved by
the Engineer prior to construction.

construction.
Upon completion of the Enhanced Grip Un-reinforced Polyethylene

Geomembrane installation, the Contractor shall submit the following:
PAGE 25

TABLE 1:
REQUIRED ENHANCED GRIP UN-REINFORCED POLYETHYLENE
GEOMEMBRANE PROPERTIES 30 MIL.
TYPICAL
UNITS
PROPERTY TEST METHOD ROLL
AVERAGES
Thickness ASTM D5199 Mils 30
Weight ASTM D751 Lbs. 150
1” strip tensile ASTM D882 Lbf. 127
Tensile Elongation ASTM D882 % 850
Impact Resistance ASTM D1709 g. 3440
Puncture Resistance ASTM D4833 Lbf. 54
Tests are average of machine and transverse directions
PAGE 26
Appendix C
LINEAR LOW DENSITY POLYETHYLENE GEOMEMBRANE
SPECIFICATION
Linear Low Density Polyethylene (LLDPE) Geomembranes serve as liners and covers to
contain water, leachate or other liquids. As a liner they can contain the liquid to prevent
leakage or environmental impact and as a cover to minimize evaporation or contamination.
It is of great importance that the LLDPE Geomembrane be free from defects and installed
without damage.
A. DESCRIPTION
1. General:

LLDPE Geomembrane including all necessary and incidental items as
detailed or required to complete the installation in accordance with the
Contract Drawing and these Specifications
2. Related Work:

Geosynthetic Research Institute Test Method GM17 Test Properties,

Testing Frequency and Recommended Warranty for
Linear Low Density Polyethylene (LLDPE) Smooth and
Textured Geomembranes.

ASTM D1505 Standard Test Method for Density of Plastics by the

Density-Gradient Technique.
ASTM 638 Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics.
ASTM D751 Standard Test Methods for Coated Fabrics.
PAGE 27
ASTM D1004 Standard Test Method for Initial Tear Resistance of
Plastic Film and Sheeting.
ASTM D1603 Standard Test Method for Carbon Black Content in Olefin
Plastics.

Quality Assurance during installation of LLDPE Geomembrane will be

provided by the Owner as described in the accompanying Project CQA
Manual.

produce the required LLDPE Geomembrane by having successfully
manufactured a minimum of 10,000,000 ft2 of LLDPE
Geomembrane.
The LLDPE Geomembrane Installer shall have installed a minimum of

500,000 ft2 of LLDPE Geomembrane (or similar material).
7. Warranties:
The manufacturer of the LLDPE Geomembrane will warrant the material

to the installer on a pro rata basis for up to 20 years after the final
acceptance of the work, based on thickness, the application and location of
the installation. This warranty shall include but not be limited to defects
related to workmanship and manufacturing.
B. MATERIALS
1. General:
PAGE 28
2. LLDPE Geomembrane Materials:
a. LLDPE Geomembrane shall be manufactured to meet the following

requirements:
(2) LLDPE Geomembrane shall be a very flexible Linear Low

Density Polyethylene Geomembrane containing carbon
black for UV stability and contain no plasticizers.
b. Approved LLDPE Geomembrane:
(1) Rufco 2000B

Rufco 3000B
Rufco 4000B

.
1. The LLDPE Geomembrane shall be supplied in panels which shall be of

maximum size to provide the largest manageable sheet for the fewest
seams.
minimum seam width of 1 ½ inch.
PAGE 29
shipment.
D. SUBMITTALS
Prior to LLDPE Geomembrane installation the Contractor shall submit the

following:

legally authorized official of the Manufacturer for the LLDPE
Geomembrane attesting that the LLDPE Geomembrane meets the
physical and manufacturing requirements stated in these
Specifications. The Contractor shall also submit a sample of the
LLDPE Geomembrane to be used (sample may be of different
color). The sample shall be labeled with the product name and be
accompanied by the Manufacturer's specifications.

review.

Contractor shall provide a plan of anchoring the LLDPE
Geomembrane sufficient to satisfy the Contractor’s Performance
Warranty. This plan shall be approved by the Engineer prior to
construction.

construction.
PAGE 30
Upon completion of the LLDPE Geomembrane installation, the Contractor
shall submit the following:

TABLE 1:
REQUIRED LLDPE GEOMEMBRANE PROPERTIES 20 MIL.
MIMIMUM TYPICAL
TEST UNITS
PROPERTY ROLL ROLL
METHOD
AVERAGES AVERAGES
Density ASTM D1505 g/cm3 .939 max .939 max
1” strip tensile ASTM D638 Lbf. 76 104

Tensile
ASTM D638 % 800 875
elongation
Hydrostatic
ASTM D751 psi. 118 122
Resistance
Puncture
ASTM D4833 Lbf. 30 44
Resistance
Tear Resistance ASTM D1004 Lbf. 11 14
Carbon Black ASTM D1603 % 2.0 2.5
Bonded Seam
ASTM D4545* Lbf/inch 40 45
Strength
Seam Peel
Adhesion
Seam testing performed at 12” per minute
PAGE 31
TABLE 2:
MIMIMUM TYPICAL
TEST UNITS
PROPERTY ROLL ROLL
METHOD
AVERAGES AVERAGES
Thickness ASTM D5199 Mils 30 31.2

Tensile
ASTM D638 % 800 875
elongation
Hydrostatic
ASTM D751 psi. 175 180
Resistance
Puncture
ASTM D4833 Lbf. 45 60
Resistance
Bonded Seam
Strength
Seam Peel
Adhesion
TABLE 3:
MIMIMUM TYPICAL
TEST UNITS
PROPERTY ROLL ROLL
METHOD
AVERAGES AVERAGES
Thickness ASTM D5199 Mils 40 41.5

Tensile
ASTM D638 % 800 875
elongation
Hydrostatic
ASTM D751 psi. 230 250
Resistance
PAGE 32
Puncture
ASTM D4833 Lbf. 60 75
Resistance
Bonded Seam
Strength
Seam Peel
Adhesion
Notes:
1. The Engineer may allow alternates to these requirements.
PAGE 33

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GEOMEMBRANE

INSTALLATION GUIDELINES & SPECIFICATIONS

1.0 SUBGRADE PREPARATION 3

PANEL LAYOUT LOG 12

APPENDIX A DURA-SKRIM J-SERIES SCRIM RIENFORCED SPECIFICATION 15

1.0 Subgrade Preparation

3.0 Identification and record keeping

3.2 Panel Layout

3.4 Field Seaming

3.5 Seam Test Results

6.0 Method of Installation

7.0 General Field Seaming Requirements

7.2 Welding Equipment

(A) Fusion welding

7.5 Seaming Procedures

(A) Seam Preparation

1 Overlap panel edges a minimum of four (4) inches, or as specified by

4 For extrusion fillet welding the surfaces do not need to be abraded

8.0 Destructive Seam Test

8.2 Test Seam Description

Unless otherwise required, 4 passing samples out of 5 will be acceptable. If

9.0 NON-DESTRUCTIVE SEAM TEST

9.3 Vacuum Testing Procedure

NOTE: 1 inch of Hg. (mercury) = .5 P.S.I.

9.4 Air Pressure Testing

The wedge welded seam process creates a

9.5 Air Pressure Testing Equipment

(A) An air pump capable of

9.6 Air Pressure Testing Procedure

(A) Seal both ends of the seam to

Material (Mil) Min. PSI Max. PSI PSI Diff.

NOTE: If gauges are in bars use 1 Bar = 14.5 P.S.I.

10.0 Defects and Repairs

10.5 All extrusion weld repairs must be

10.6 Removal of bad seams shall be repaired

11.0 Suggested Attachment to Concrete

11.1 ASTM D 6497 also provides valuable

11.3 At the attachment point the

11.4 Gaskets, geomembrane, and batten

12.1 ASTM D 6497 also provides

12.2 The geomembrane should be

The types of mechanical

13.0 Pocket vents may be installed to

Project Name: ___________________ Site Manager: ____________________

Project Name: _____________________________ Site Manager: ______________________________

Project Name: _____________________________ Site Manager: ______________________________

Destructive test log

Non-destructive test log

REINFORCED POLYETHYLENE GEOMEMBRANE SPECIFICATION

Reinforced Polyethylene Geomembranes serve as liners and covers to contain water,

The purpose of this specification is to provide details of Manufacturing

Related Contract Work is described in the following section of the

ASTM D5199 Standard Test Method for Measuring the Nominal

ASTM D6636 Standard Test Method for Determination of Ply Adhesion

ASTM D7003 Standard Test Method for Strip Tensile Properties of

ASTM D5884 Standard Test Method for Determining Tearing Strength of

ASTM D4533 Standard Test Method for Trapezoid Tearing Strength of

ASTM D4833 Standard Test Method for Index Puncture Resistance of

Quality Assurance during installation of Reinforced Polyethylene

Project Name: _ Site Manager: __

Project Name: _ Site Manager: __

Project Name: _ Site Manager: __