Circles?: How Many
Circles?: How Many
Circles?: How Many
Try drawing some circles through the point you have marked
in your notebook.
Two points
What can you say about the distances ofl and B flom the
centre ofthe circle to be drawn?
Thus, any circle can be seen as the path How about a circle ofradius 3 centimetres instead?
of a moving point.
. ',r ''::.;:';r::'i"
..;i.:.r:,. .i1ti..r.
ii"
:
li
1 : .:.
'.',\ti
Deeds and thoughts
Parallel path
So, what can we say about the centres ofall the circles pass-
ing tlrough I and B?
Bisector as path
...1.,: ,,.
'..
..'.. '''..'' ',:'
'
'i::: "::::i'
A r',..: . .. .::'' I
.'''-''-''.,J
_
t,
-,t
Anotherview
Look at this picture:
Ellipse
What ifwe take two more points on the circle? Now stretch the string with the tip of a
pencil. and keepingthe stringtaut. su ing
What do we see ffom this? the pencil completely around I and B
once.
The perpendicular bisectors ofthe linejoining any pair of
points on a circle, passes through the centre ofthe circle.
We can shorten this a bit. For this, "a line j oining any pair of
points on a circle",we call achord ofthe circle.
So, what we have seen now can be stated thus: Did you get a curve like the one above?
We have seen that the perpendicular bisector ofany chord What ifl and B coincide?
ffi"
.'v \1
Thn porprnclicular from th( centre ol a circlc to
., o chord, passer through the midpoint ofthe chord.
t'
6!g
There is yet another question:
Ifwe join the centre ofa circle to the midpoint ofa chord,
would it be perpendicularto the chord?
421
In the figwe above, Cis the centre ofthe circle andMis the
midpoint of the chord AB.
CA=CB
Statements in reverse
CMis a common side for both the triangles. Suppose we turn it around and say,
Since the sides A.4MC are equal to the sides of IBMC, these if two angles of a triangle are equal,
triangles are congruent. then two of its sides are equal.
So, L4MC and IBMC', which are opposite the equal sides This is also true.
AC and, BC, are also equal. Now look at this statement:
Also, ZAMC + IBMC = 1 80' (why?) if all the sides of a triangle are equal
to the sides of another triangle, Ihen
Thtts LAMC = IBMC =90" the angles of the fir:t triangle are
equal to the angles of the second.
In other words, the line CMis perpendicular tolB.
If we turn it around, it becomes,
The line joining the centre of a circle and the
midpoint ofa chord is perpendicular to the chord. if all angles of a triangle are equal to
the angles of another tliangle, then
Uses and applications the sides of the frst are equal to the
sides o;f the second.
Let's look at some applications ofthe theorems seen so far.
But we know that this is not true. (See
. In the circle shown below. the chords AB and AC are the section, Incorrect match ofthe lesson,
i+sl
We can prove that thebisector of IBAC is a diameter of the
circle.
How it moves
44
Another movement
i4il
Circle within circle
What is the radius of this circle? In the question above, instead of assuming
IOAB = IOCD, assume that lB = CD and then prove
thal IOAB - IOCD.
Length ofa chord
We can draw chords ofvarious lengths in the same circle.
A(j = 12 - cP.
I 47i
AC- ) AB
Thus we get
AB-2AC =2 -u,)
Let's look at some examples:
=v52.02
=./64
- 0.8 cm
. The distance between the ends ofa piece olbangle is Lotus problem
4 centimetres and its greatest height is centimetre.
1
Haven't you heard about
Bhaskaraachaarya' a Lilavati? One
sloka from it can be translated as follows:
12 - (r - 1)2= 22
Writing this as
(r + (r - 1))(r (r 1)) - 4
The original sloka is:
We get
ejltornDel'lcel
"rL.o,i6,nl6ilolc6)
2r-l-4 .olC"IO5.dSo rOrO-ucCcn
Fromthis, we get 2r = 5. Thus the radius of the bangle is 2.5 GtolccrlcoJdr:Dto a0eJ6 el'l€"c(oo
centimetres. otlom5o-rlg"rocemo
Now find the answers to the following problems: ocBo acBo oLpikot o n)] cet cnc
"o
ro-ro
6 centimetres and 8 centimetres are drawn parallelto ol rniol<u rmo oGTT)6, 610(0)
each other, on either side ofthe centre. What is the Ar9j'll"laore, l"lOoerno
distance between these chords?
In a circle, a chord 3 centimetres away from the
centre is 8 centimetres long. How long is a chord,
1.4 centimetres away from the centre in this circle?
Problem of proponion
In the figure below,lB is a diameter ofthe circle and
The figure below shows some chords Pp is a chord parallel to it.
drawn in a semicircle.
Let's look at an example: Find the radius of the circle shown below:
5cm
'l
' -:,
To draw a circle through I and B, we can take any point on
the perpendicular bisector oflB as centre.
C
;-it.-
lr' ------
ArB
Again to draw a circle through B and C, we can take any
point on the perpendicular bisector of BCas centre.
isr i
Such a circle as this, whichpasses through the three vertices
ofatriangle, is calledthe circumcircle ofthe triangle.
. :;llr ,.i)