CMCL Eia Emp

Submitted on
February, 2008 DRAFT

Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment
&
Environmental Management Plan

for
Modernisation & Expansion of Cement Production
Capacity from 1800 TPD to 2400TPD
at
Lumshnong, P.O. Khliehriat,

Jaintia Hills, Meghalaya
of
Cement Manufacturing Company Ltd.
Prepared by Bhagavathi Ana Labs Ltd., Hyderabad

Table of Contents
S.No Particulars Page No
1 Introduction 1-6
1.1 Identification of Project & Project Proponent 1.1
1.2 Purpose of the Report 1.1
1.3 Brief Description of the Project 1.2
1.4 Site Selection Criteria 1.2
1.5 Need for the project-Demand Scenario of Cement 1.3
1.6 Scope of the Study 1.4
1.6.1 Objectives 1.4
1.6.2 EIA Methodology 1.4
1.6.3 Environmental Focus Areas 1.4
2.0 Project Description 1-13
2.1 General Overview 2.1
2.2 Project Location 2.1
2.3 Proposed schedule for project approval & implementation 2.2
2.4 Detailed Process & Technology Description 2.4
2.4 Raw mix and Raw materials 2.4
2.4.1 Source and Availability of Raw Materials 2.5
2.4.2 Design details 2.7
2.5 Storage area 2.10
2.6 Utilities 2.11
2.6.1 Water supply 2.12
3.0 BASELINE DATA GENERATION 1-40
3.1 Study Area 3.1
3.2 Geography & Geology of the Area 3.2
3.2.1 Topography 3.2
3.2.2 Drainage pattern 3.2
3.2.3 Climate 3.3
3.3 Baseline Environmental Results for Study Period (Summer ‘07) 3.3
3.3.1 Micro Meteorology 3.3
3.3.1.1 Temperature 3.3
3.3.1.2 Relative humidity 3.4
3.3.1.3 Rainfall 3.4
3.3.1.4 Wind speed 3.4
3.3.1.5 Wind direction 3.4
3.4 Ambient Air Quality (AAQ) 3.6
3.5 Noise Environment 3.18
3.5.1 Observations of Noise Levels Data 3.20
3.6 Water Environment 3.21
3.6.1 Observations of Water Quality Data 3.25
3.7 Soil Quality 3.25
3.7.1 Observations of Soil Quality Data 3.27
3.8 Biological Environment 3.27
3.8.1 Flora and Fauna 3.28
3.9 Socio Economic Environment 3.36
3.10 Land Use Pattern 3.39
3.10.1 Cropping Pattern 3.40
4 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT 1-18
4.1 Prediction of Impacts 4.1
4.2 Assessment / Evaluation of Impacts 4.1
4.2.1 Environmental Setting 4.3
4.3 Impacts during construction phase 4.3
4.4 Impacts during operation phase 4.4
4.4.1 Air Pollution 4.5
4.4.2 Simulation Model for Prediction (ISCST) 4.5
4.4.3 Post Project Scenario 4.8
4.4.4 Impact of vehicular emission 4.12
4.4.5 Impact on Surface Water Quality 4.13
4.4.6 Impact on Ground Water 4.13
4.4.7 Impact on Noise Levels 4.13
4.4.8 Solid Waste Generation and Impact 4.14
4.4.9 Impact on Ecology 4.14
4.4.10 Demography and Socio-economics 4.14
4.4.11 Impact on Human Settlements 4.15
4.4.12 Impact on Health 4.15
4.5 Impact Matrix 4.15
5 Environmental Management Plan 1-26
5.1 Introduction 5.1
5.2 Environmental Management Plan during Construction Phase 5.1
5.2.1 Air Environment 5.1
5.2.2 Noise Environment 5.2
5.2.3 Water Environment 5.2
5.2.4 Land Environment 5.2
5.2.5 Socio-economic Environment 5.2
5.2.6 Safety and Health 5.2
5.3 Environmental Management Plan during Operations Phase 5.3
5.3.1 Air Environment 5.3
5.3.2 Noise Environment 5.4
5.3.3 Solid Waste Management 5.5
5.3.4 Water Resources/ Quality Management 5.6
5.3.5 Wastewater 5.6
5.3.6 Sewage treatment plant 5.7
5.3.7 Solid Waste 5.8
5.3.8 House keeping 5.9
5.3.9 Occupational Safety & Health 5.9
5.3.10 Measures to improve socio-economic conditions 5.10
5.3.11 Land use management 5.11
5.2.12 Greenbelt Development 5.11
5.4 Disaster Management Plan 5.13
5.4.1 Identification of Hazard & Preventive/Controlling Measures 5.14
5.4.2 Main Component of the On-Site Disaster Management Plan 5.17
5.4.3 Environmental Management Cell 5.20
5.4.4 Environmental Monitoring 5.21
List of Figures
S.No Particulars Page No
1.1 Flow chart – REIA/EMP Methodology 1.5
2.1 Project Location Map 2.2
2.2 Project Site Lay out 2.3
3.0 Geological Map of study area
3.0a Hydrogeomorphological Map of study area
3.0b Drainage Pattern of the study area
3.0c Slope Map of the study area
3.1 24 Hrs. Wind rose Diagram 3.5
3.2 00-08 Hrs. Wind rose Diagram 3.5
3.5 Map Showing Air Quality Stations 3.8
3.6 Map showing Noise Monitoring Locations 3.19
3.7 Map showing Water Quality Monitoring Locations 3.22
3.8 Map showing Soil Sampling Locations 3.26
3.9 Land Use Pattern of the study area 3.40
4.1 Predicted 24- Hourly Average GLCs of SPM (ug/m3) 4.9
4.2 Predicted 24-Hourly Average GLCs of SO2 (ug/m3) 4.10
4.3 Predicted 24-Hourly Average GLCs of NOx (ug/m3) 4.11
List of Tables
Page
S.No Particulars
No
1.1 Salient features of project 1
2.1 Chemical Analysis of raw materials 10
2.2 Details of material flow 10
2.3 Chemical behavior of different grades of limestone 12
2.4 Average chemical analysis of correctives 12
2.5 Coal Quality 12
2.6 Details of Sizes of Machinery/Equipment for Ongoing Plant 13
3.1 Environmental Attributes & Frequency of Monitoring 28
3.2 Methodology of AAQ Sampling and analysis 29
3.3 AAQ Sampling Location Details 29
3.4 AAQ Summary during Summer Season (Mar’07–May’07) 31
3.5 Noise Monitoring Locations 32
3.6 Equivalent Noise Levels in the Study Area (10 km radius) 34
3.7 Water sampling locations 35
3.8 Summary of Water Quality Analysis Results 37
3.9 Summary of Water Quality Analysis Results 38
3.10 Location of Soil Sampling Stations 39
3.11 Soil Quality Analysis Results 41
3.12 Tree Species Available in the Study Area 42
3.13 Shrub/Herbs Species Available in the Study Area 44
3.14 Climbers/Epiphytes Species Available in the Study Area 45
3.15 Vertebrates Available in the Study Area 46
3.16 Invertebrates Available in the Study Area 47
3.17 Classification of the Villages Based on Population Size 49
3.18 Demographic Details of the Study Area 49
3.19 Occupational Pattern of the Study Area 50
3.20 Land Use Pattern of the Study Area 52
4.1 Environmental Impact Matrix 55
4.2 Nature of Impacts during Construction Phase 57
4.3 Nature of Impacts during Operation Phase 57
4.4 Stack & Emission Details 60
4.5 Post Project Scenario 61
4.6 Estimate of Trucks for Transport 65
4.7 Emissions through transportation 65
4.8 Water Requirements 66
4.9 Noise Levels at Different Sources 67
4.10 Potential Impacts during Construction Phase 69
4.11 Potential Impacts during Operation Phase 69
4.12 Importance Value 70
4.13 Impact Score 70
4.14 Environmental Impact Matrix with scores 71
5.1 Details of wastewater generation 77
5.2 Characteristics of effluents 78
5.3 Details Solid Waste Generation 79
5.4 Land Use in the project site 82
5.5 Species Preferred to be planted 83
5.6 Details of Flammable Materials 85
5.7 Details of Storage of Petroleum Products 85
5.8 Proposed Environmental Monitoring Schedule 93
5.9 Comprehensive management plan for risk analysis and possible hazards 94
Annexure
Cement Manufacturing Company Limited, Meghalaya
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 IDENTIFICATION OF PROJECT & PROJECT PROPONENT
Cement Manufacturing Company Limited (CMCL), a public limited company registered

under Companies Act currently has its operations going at Lumshnong, District Jaintia Hills,
Meghalaya. CMCL currently manufactures Clinker with a production capacity of 1800 tpd.
The company proposes modernization cum expansion of its production capacity from 1800
tpd to 2400 tpd.
The proposal for manufacturing cement was conceived on the basis of reports from
Geological Survey of India (GSI) and State Govt reports indicating abundant occurrence of
high grade limestone around Lumshnong village. CMCL has obtained Prospecting License
(PL) over an area of 473.09 hectares in Lumshnong village limits for meeting the
requirement of limestone, the basic raw material to produce the cement. Initially mining
leases were obtained over smaller compact blocks to sustain immediate requirement of the
plant. The detailed exploration is in progress to sustain long term requirement.
Present proposal is to modernize and expand the current clinker production capacity from
1800 tpd to 2400 tpd. Cement Manufacturing Company Limited proposes to expand the
cement production based on state-of-the- art technology near Lumshnong, District Jaintia
Hills, Meghalaya.
1.2 PURPOSE OF THE REPORT
CMCL has retained M/s Bhagavathi Ana Labs Ltd. Hyderabad to carry out Environment
Impact Assessment (EIA) study and to prepare Environment Management Plan (EMP) for
the proposed modernization cum expansion of the operating cement plant to meet the
statutory requirement of getting Environmental Clearance for State Level Environment
Appraisal Authority. The study has been carried out as per the guidelines of Ministry of
Environment & Forests (MoEF) and Meghalaya State Pollution Control Board (MSPCB).
Bhagavathi Ana Labs Ltd., Hyderabad 1_1

1.3 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT
Salient Features of Project
Industrial Expansion Project
Nature of the Project (For the proposed modernization cum

expansion of the existing Cement Plant)
Screening Category – B1
Modernization cum Expansion of Cement
Size of Project
plant production capacity from 1800-2400 tpd
Location of Project
District & State Jaintia Hills, Meghalaya
Taluk Khliehriat
Village Lumshnong
Land Availability 35 Hectares
Nature Of The Area Barren Land
Latitude N 25°10’16”
Longitude E 92°22’52”
General Climatic Conditions
Maximum Temperature 26 0
Minimum Temperature 9°C
Annual Rainfall 4000 mm
Wind Pattern During Study Period Predominantly from SE
Elevation Above Mean Sea Level 406 m above MSL
Accessibility
Road Connectivity NH44 is 1KM from the plant site
Rail Connectivity Badarpur is about 85 kms from plant
Shillong & Silchar at 145 kms and 125 Kms
Airport
respectively from Plant
Historical / Important Places
Archaeological/ Historically Important Site None within 25 km radius of the site
Sensitive Places None within 25 km radius of the site
Sanctuaries / National Parks None within 25 km radius of the site
1.4 SITE SELECTION CRITERIA
The efficient functioning of the plant depends on the availability of the basic requirements.
Apart from this, the suitability/compliance of the site with respect to the guidelines of the
Ministry of Environment and Forests and location of the deposit has been evaluated. The
reasons for selection of site at Lumshnong are given below:

• Availability of land and water.

• Compliance of the site with the sitting guidelines of MOEF.
• Proximity of the limestone deposit.
• Availability of road to facilitate transportation of equipment, raw material and product.
• Availability of labour force during construction and operation phase.
• Accessibility of the site from environmental aspects.
• No national park or wild life sanctuary exists within 10 km of the plant.
• There are no sensitive places of archaeological, historical, cultural, and religious or
tourist importance within 10 km of the plant.
1.5 NEED FOR THE PROJECT – DEMAND SCENARIO OF CEMENT
The cement market has growth potential due to the central government liberalization policies
and new schemes for housing, road projects. Cement demand growth is anticipated to be
about 7-8% increase mainly through road projects (Golden Quadrilateral), Housing Projects
(1.3 million houses in rural & 0.7 million in urban areas). Continuous demand for exports to
China and other South-East Asian countries along with the increased requirement of the
domestic sector have led all the cement manufacturers in the country to plan for increased
capacities.
The cement consumption of India in 2006-07 is estimated to be around 155 million tonne.
The cement consumption in the last 10 years is given in the table below. Cement
consumption has grown steadily and exhibits a cumulative average growth rate (CAGR) of
7.7% over the last 10 years and 8.0% over the past 5 years. The consumption given in the
Table 1.1 is inclusive of consumption of cement produced by mini cement plants.
Table 1.1 Cement Consumption Pattern in India

Year Total Domestic Growth year on year
Cement Consumption (%)
1997-98 80 8.4
1998-99 86 7.3
1999-00 98 14.3
2000-01 96 (1.9)
2001-02 105 9.1
2002-03 114 8.2
2003-04 120 5.4
2004-05 129 7.7
2005-06 142 9.6
2006-07 155 9.1
Figures in million Tonnes

1.6 Scope of the Study
The scope of the study includes detailed characterization of various environmental

components like air, noise, water, land and socio-economics within an area of 10 km radius
around the proposed project site.
1.6.1 Objectives
The objectives set for carrying out this EIA study were based upon the
requirements that fulfill the new Environment Impact Assessment Notification 2006
under the aegis of MoEF and its various amendments. These objectives are
described hereunder,
• Literature review that includes identification of relevant data and articles from
various publications, various government agencies and other sources;
• Collection of available secondary data
• Environmental monitoring so as to establish the baseline environmental status of
the study area
• Identify various existing pollution loads due to industrial and domestic activities in
the ambient zone
• Prediction of impacts on environmental attributes
• Evaluate the predicted impacts on the various environmental attributes in the
study area by using scientifically developed and widely accepted Environmental
Impact Assessment (EIA) Methodologies
• Preparation of an Environmental Management Plan (EMP) outlining the
measures for improving the environmental quality
• Identify critical environmental attributes required to be monitored
1.6.2 EIA Methodology
Environmental Impact Assessment study has been conducted within an area of 10 km

radius around the project area. The various steps involved in the study for a particular
project are divided into three following phases.
• Identification of significant environmental parameters and assessing the status

within the impact zone
• Prediction of Impacts envisaged due to proposed scheme on various
environmental parameters

• Evaluation of impacts after superimposing the predicted scenario over the

baseline scenario to prepare Environmental Management Plan
Accordingly, field studies were carried out during the study period to establish the existing
conditions. To determine the magnitude of significant potential impacts and to ensure that
the environmental considerations are given adequate weightage, subsequently, a
preliminary environmental screening was carried out. The environmental screening was
based on the available secondary data supplemented by regular field visits. During
screening, significant environmental issues were examined for all the alternatives. Primary
and secondary data were collected to describe the existing environmental set-up. The
methodology adopted is presented in the form of a flow chart. Keeping in view the activities
envisaged and size of the project activities, the work carried out is briefly reported below and
has been described in detail in the subsequent sections.
FIG-1.1 FLOW CHART - REIA/EMP METHODOLOGY
EIA / EMP METHODOLOGY
Preliminary Field Visit
Preliminary Environmental Screening
Data From
Secondary Data Assessment of Baseline
Primary Sources
Collection Environmental Status
Environmental Impact Assessment
Environmental Management Plan

1.6.3 Environmental Focus Areas
A) Air Environment
The prevailing ambient air quality status of the study region was assessed through a network
of 8 ambient air-monitoring stations during pre-monsoon season (2007). Different pollution
parameters viz. Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM), Respirable Suspended Particulate
Matter (RSPM), Sulphur-di-oxide (SO2), Oxides of nitrogen (NOX), HC & CO were identified
for representing the baseline status of ambient air quality within the study region. Respirable
Dust Samplers have been used for continuous monitoring of these parameters.
Micro-meteorological parameters like wind speed & direction were continuously recorded
using an automatic weather station during study period. The recorded data were used to
determine predominant meteorological conditions, which are useful in characterizing the
baseline air quality status and in prediction of impacts on air environment.
B) Noise Environment
Noise is generated by many activities associated with the plant activities. Noise pollution
survey has been carried out in the study area to assess the impacts of the plant activities.
Noise level surveys were carried out in and around the project study area. Noise levels (A-
weighted) were recorded using a Portable Noise Level Meter.
C) Water Environment
Lubha, a Perennial River is flowing through the study area and is about 4.0 kms from the
project site. There are many perennial streams and nallahs scattered in the study area
charged from rain water and catchment areas. Primary and secondary information on water
resources (ground/surface) was collected. The parameters of prime importance selected
under physico-chemical characteristics were estimated to describe the baseline
environmental status of the water resources during the summer (March’07).
D) Land Environment
Soil samples were collected from different locations within the project study area during the
study period and were analyzed for various physico-chemical parameters.
E) Socio-Economic Environment
Socio-economic information such as, demographic pattern, population density, literacy
levels, gender ratio, educational facilities, agriculture, income, medical facilities, etc., was
collected through basic surveys and from few reliable secondary sources. The same has
been analyzed and presented in the subsequent chapters.

CHAPTER 2
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
2.1 GENERAL OVERVIEW

The State of Meghalaya is located between latitudes of 25º00' and 26º10' N and longitudes
of 89º45' and 92º47'E with an altitude ranging from 50-1961 meters above Main Sea Level
(MSL) and covers 22.4lakhs ha (22,429 Sq.kms). The State is bounded by Assam in the
North, East and West and Bangladesh in the South and West.
Agriculture is the mainstay of the people of the State. About 85 percent of the population of
the State live in rural areas and depend on agriculture for their livelihood. Of the total
geographical area, about 13 percent is under cultivation. Efforts are being made to increase
irrigation potential of the State and bring more area under cultivation. It is in the primitive
stage of shifting cultivation in major parts of the State. Shifting Cultivation locally named as
‘Jhuming’ is practiced extensively on the hill-slopes in the Garo Hills and part of the Khasi
and Jaintia Hills Districts. The soil and climatic condition of the State is suitable for growing
different types of agricultural crops from cereals to fruits in both tropical and temperate
climatic environment occurring on different altitudes.
Meghalaya is basically an Agricultural State with about 80% of its total population depending
entirely on Agriculture for their livelihood. In Meghalaya, summer is for a period of about 5
months, from May to September, with torrential rains caused by the South West Monsoon.
Rainfall varies from place to place and from altitude to altitude. The amount of rainfall over
Cherrapunjee and Mawsynram is quite heavy.
Only 50% of the villages in Meghalaya get electricity. Most people depend upon their land for
livelihood. Recently, new industrial units were set up in view of the positive industrial policy
of the Meghalaya Government
2.2 Project Location
The proposed modernization cum expansion project is situated at Lumshnong, P.O.

Khliehriat, Jaintia Hills district, Meghalaya. The longitude and latitude of the project site are E
92°22’52” and N 25°10’16”. The project would be in the premises of the existing plant with a
total area of 35 Hectares. This area comprises of Operational area, green-belt area, open
area designated for different purposes. Necessary approach roads and raw material storage
areas is also earmarked. Project Location Map is presented as Fig-2.1


2.3 Proposed Schedule for Project Approval & Implementation
The overall process takes approx 22 months. Break-up of activities and time frame are given
hereunder,
Project Clearance - 9 months
Project Implementation - 12 months
Commissioning and Operation - 01 month
The Project Site Layout Plan is shown in Fig- 2.2

2.4 Detailed Process & Technology Description
The ongoing plant is designed for modernization cum expansion from 1800 tpd to 2400 tpd
production of clinker. It is proposed for selling of the entire additional clinker to its’ subsidiary
Company Megha Technical & Engineers Pvt. Ltd. located near CMCL plant. This section
presents the project details like basis of design, sizing of machinery/equipment, utilities and
others for ongoing project, which are described hereunder.
2.4.1 Raw mix and Raw materials
A computer aided theoretical raw mix was designed to assess the suitability of limestone and
available correctives in the area for manufacturing of quality clinker considering the raw
materials. The average chemical analysis of the raw materials considered for designing of raw
mix is given in Table 2.1.
Table 2.1
Chemical analysis of raw materials
Components Unit Limestone Shale Coal ash
LOI % 41.62 5.70 ---
SiO2 % 2.82 64.2 29.57
Al2O3 % 2.44 19.2 27.60
Fe2O3 % 1.30 5.87 39.0
CaO % 49.52 0.01 1.51
MgO % 1.04 1.12 0.47
K2O % 0.11 2.10 0.37
Na2O % 0.05 0.04 0.14
SO3 % 0.075 0.01 -
Coal Ash % (Mass) 6.58
Sulphur content % 4.60
Calorific value of coal on dry basis (kcal/kg) 7,124
The overall material flow for the existing with proposed modernisation cum expansion (on dry
basis) is given in Table 2.2.
Table 2.2
Details of Material Flow
List of raw materials to Physical and chemical Quantity Source of
be used at all stages of nature of raw material (tonnes/month) full materials
manufacture production capacity
Limestone Medium to dark grey, 89,280 Captive
Fine to medium grained, mines
compact and hard.
Fractured at places. Sp.
Gr 2.5
Shale Thin bedded, variegated 21204 From local
yellowish brown, grey. mine
Fine grained

List of raw materials to Physical and chemical Quantity Source of

be used at all stages of nature of raw material (tonnes/month) full materials
manufacture production capacity
mill scale Grey coloured scales 1116 From local
from steel plants. sources
Coal Grey to black in color , 13200 From Local
splintery and semi mines
anthracitic quality.
2.4.2 Source and Availability of Raw Materials

Limestone
In order to meet the limestone requirement of the plant, CMCL obtained , prospecting licence
(PL) for an area of 473.09 hectares (4.73 sq km) around Lumshnong village The Limestone
bearing areas in PL are owned by private individuals with small holdings. Land acquisition was
a slow and time consuming process in the area in view of the sensitiveness of the issue and
prevailing customary laws of the land.
The captive mining leases in the small compact blocks were granted by Govt. of Meghalaya
with a cumulative mineable limestone reserves of 9.75 million tonnes to meet the immediate
and short term requirement of the plant. The detailed geological exploration is in progress and
another 45.0 million tonnes of limestone were estimated in proved category and the process is
initiated for grant of mining leases covering these areas.
The Lumshnong limestone deposit is located approx. 1 km to the west of Lumshnong village
which in turn lies at a distance of 125 km from Shillong in the Jaintia Hill district. The
Lumshnong deposit is accessible from Shillong along NH-44 leading to Badarpur via Jowai
(District headquarters). The deposit falls in Survey of India toposheet No. 83C/8 (Restricted)
and is bounded within the following coordinates:
• Latitude : 250 00’ to 250 30’

• Longitude : 920 10‘ to 920 15’
The limestone deposit is characterized by rugged hilly topography. The geotectonic activities of
the past have resulted in the development of deep gorges, valleys and steep cliffs. Several
streams dissect the hilly terrain. The highest elevation in the area is about 638 m RL, which is
observed in the southern part of the deposit with gradual slope. The elevation varies from 554
m RL and 481.70 m RL.
The qualitative assessment of different grades of limestone of the deposit based on analysis of
surface and bore hole core samples generated by CMCL during the detailed geological
exploration is given in Table 2.3.

Table 2.3
Chemical behavior of different grades of limestone
Constituents High grade (%) Blendable grade (%)
Outcrops Bore hole Outcrops Bore hole
SiO2 0.12 0.16-1.92 2.40 1.4-10.56
Al2O3 0.60 0.66-1.65 1.08 0.77-4.86
Fe2O3 0.28 0.17-1.71 2.6 2.13-3.46
CaO 53.85 50.39-54.5 43.36 41.8-47.24
MgO 1.25 0.27-2.94 2.63 1.2-4.77
The chemical analysis of limestone reveals the following:

• The average quality of limestone is high grade with CaO is around 50%; and
• The quality of limestone is suitable for manufacture of Ordinary Portland Cement of
various grades and other types of cement as far as CaO and MgO values are concerned.
Deficiencies in Silica, Iron and Alumina need to be compensated by suitable correctives.
Corrective Materials
Limestone requires correctives to meet the deficiency of Silica, Iron and Alumina in the raw mix.
Shale of Kopili formation occurring about 6 kms from plant ideally suited as a raw mix
component and being used in the operating plant of 1800 tpd. Quality of shale is given in Table
2.4.
Table 2.4
Average chemical analysis of correctives
Correctives Location LOI SiO2 Al2O3 Fe2O3 CaO MgO
Shale 130 km post 5.7 64.2 19.2 5.87 0.01 1.12
Coal
Locally available coal is used in the plant in operation. Mill scales upto 1% are used to correct
the deficiency of iron in the raw mix. The detailed analysis of the coal is given in Table 2.5.
Table 2.5
Coal Quality
Sn Properties Percent by mass (%)
01 Proximate analysis
Moisture content 0.93
Ash content 6.58
Volatile matter 43.63
Fixed carbon 48.86

Sn Properties Percent by mass (%)

02 A Ultimate analysis, percentage
Carbon 71.57
Hydrogen 3.95
Nitrogen 0.81
Sulphur 5.41
Mineral matter(1.1x/Ash content) 7.24
02 B Gross calorific value, K cal / kg 7,333
Gypsum
Natural Gypsum is available at Kothakpa area of Bhutan.
2.4.2 Design Details
The ongoing plant consists of a dry process coal fired kiln with an RSP, 5-stage suspension
pre-heater system. The brief specifications of the major machinery for the existing plant are
given in Table 2.6.
Table 2.6
Details of Sizes of Machinery/Equipment for Ongoing Plant
Apron Feeder
Size 1.6 x 6.5 m c/c
Capacity 350 tph (normal); 425 tph (designed)
Impactor (For primary crushing)
Capacity 350 tph (normal); 400 tph (designed)
Product size 100% (-) 60 mm, 90% (-) 40-45 mm & 40% (-) 10 mm
Feed size Average (-) 500 mm and Max. 1,000 mm edge to edge
Reversible Impactor (for secondary crushing)
Capacity 230 tph (normal)
Product size 85-90% (-) 10 mm
Feed size 90% (-) 40 mm & Max. 60 mm
Bag filter Capacity 30,000 m3/h
Outlet dust emission 50 mg/Nm3
Tertiary Crusher
Capacity 150 tph
Product Size (-) 8 mm
Feed Size 15 mm
Bag filter capacity 12,000 m3 / hr
Outlet dust emission 50 mg / Nm3
Limestone Storage
Type Bunker
Capacity 4,000 t

Raw Material Grinding

Measuring System Weigh Feeder
Mill Feed Belt 175 tph 800 mm wide
Raw Mill Central Discharge, closed circuit ball mill
Capacity 140 tph (with feed moisture max 5 %at inlet)
Mill Size 3.8 m dia x 13.81 m long
Number of Chambers 1 drying + 2 grinding
Product size 20% residue on 90 microns
Grindability 18 kWh/t @ 15% retained on 90 microns
Raw Meal Blending, Storage and Extraction
Silo Feed Bucket elevator 250 tph, 58.5 m ctc Belt Type Bucket Elevator
Blending Silo Capacity 7,500 t
Extraction capacity 250 tph
Kiln Feed System
Type of measuring system Solid Flow Meter
Capacity 180 tph
Kiln Feed Bucket elevator 180 tph, 46.7 m ctc Belt Type Bucket Elevator
Preheater/ Precalciner
Type of Preheater System RSP 5 Stage Preheater System
Dia of Twin Cyclones (Stage I) 4,000 mm
Dia of Stage II Cyclone 6300 mm
Dia of Stage III Cyclone 6300 mm
Dia of Stage IV Cyclones 4800 mm x 2 Nos.
Dia of Stage V Cyclone 6840 mm
Downcomer duct dia 2,400 mm
Tertiary Air Duct
Diameter 1,800 mm inside refractory
Length 70 m
Damper Multi Louvre electrically actuated; 1,800 mm dia
Rotary Kiln
Capacity 1800tpd expandable to 2400 tpd
Size 3.4 m dia x 54 m long
Inclination 3.5%
Kiln Burner 3 Channel; 24 GCal/hr capacity
Fuel Coal with 6,000 kCal/kg CV
Rate of Coal Consumption 4 tph
Fineness of Coal 12% retained on 90 micron
Moisture in Coal 2%
Pilot Burner Capacity 7 Gcal/hr
Kiln Dedusting Reverse air bag house

Bag House
Gas Volume (direct mode) 3,53,000 m3/h at 240 oC
Gas Volume (compound mode) 2,77,599 m3/h at 142 oC
Inlet Dust Load 50 g/Nm3 (rated) 70 g/Nm3 (design)
Dust Load at Outlet 50 mg/Nm3
Dust Fineness 12-15% Retained on 90 micron
Grate Cooler and Clinker Transport
Type Reciprocating Grate Cooler
Capacity 1800 tpd (expandable to 2400 tpd by adding one more
grate)
Number of Grates 2
Grate Area 36 m2 (17 + 19). First grate consists of 6 stationary rows.
Clinker Stockpile 10,000 t
Grate Cooler Dedusting ESP
Gas Flow 2,22,000 m3/h
Temperature 300oC normal; 350oC for 2 hrs upset condition
Dust Load at Inlet 50 g/Nm3
Efficiency > 99.93%
Coal Grinding
Raw Coal Hopper Capacity 60 t
Extraction of Raw Coal Through weigh Feeder of 200 tph capacity
Size of Table Feeder 1,250 mm diameter
Capacity of Table Feeder 18 tph
Table Speed 6.8 rpm
Coal Feed Size 85% passing 20 mm; 25 mm max
Moisture 15% max; 6-7% normal
Coal Mill Type Air Swept Ball Mill
Mill Capacity 15 tph
Mill Size 2.8 m dia x 7.32 m
Number of Grinding Chambers 1
Grinding Media 29 t + 7.25 t (Reserve)
Product Size 12% retained on 90 micron
Product Moisture 2% max
Mill Speed 21 rpm
Grindability 27.5 kWh/t @ 12% residue on 90 microns
Bag Filter 55,000 m3/h capacity

Clinker crusher
Capacity 150 tph
Feed Size +15 mm
Product -8 mm
Crusher bag filter capacity 12,000 m3/hr
Outlet dust emission 50 mg / Nm3
Cement Grinding
Feed Hoppers (RCC) 200 t for Clinker; 70 t for Gypsum, 100 t for pozzolana
Mill Feed Equipment Belt Weigh Feeders
Clinker 85% passing 10 mm, 30 mm max; 1% moisture
Gypsum 85% passing 25 mm, 50 mm max; 10% moisture
Mill Type End discharge, closed circuit ball mill
Capacity 70 tph PPC / 60 tph OPC
Mill Size 3.6 m dia x 12.07 m length
Grinding Chambers 2 numbers
Grinding Media 133 + 33.25 t (Reserve)
Bucket elevator Belt Type Bucket elevator
Capacity 180 tph
Cement Mill Bag Filter Pulse Jet Type
Capacity 40,000 m3/h, at 80 oC
Cement Storage and Dispatch
Cement Silo (RCC) 5,000 t (inverted bottom cone type)
Cement Extraction Rate 125 tph
Packing Plant Bucket elevator 125 tph, 23.9 m ctc, belt type elevator
Packer 8 Spout, Electronic rotary
Capacity 100 tph
Loader 2 Number, Platform Type suitable for trailor loading
2.5 Storage Area

Additives: Shale and mill scale will be used as additives. Their percentages in the raw mix are
as given below:
Limestone 80 %
Shale 18 to 20%
Millscale Upto 1.0%

The plant site experiences high to very high rainfall and hence sufficiently sized sheds need to
be provided for the storage of dry additives. At present 55 m x 15 m of storage is provided for
shale. This can store about 6,000 tonnes. The reclamation arrangement for additive is through
pay loaders.
Coal: The present coal storage shed is having a size 20 m x 50 m. This can store about 2,000
tonnes of coal.
Clinker: The present stockpile is of 10,000 tonnes capacity.
Gypsum: The present storage shed is of size 15 m x 24 m to store about 1,000 tonnes of
Gypsum.
Cement: At present three cement silos of capacity 5000x2 and one of 1000 tonnes are
installed.
Compressed Air Supply
To meet the compressed air requirements, compressors/ blowers are installed at two
centralized locations in the plant, one near the Raw Mill/Kiln bag house and another near
cement silos.
Auxiliary Infrastructural Facilities
The facilities and equipment for the Workshop, Machinery Stores, time office and security office
are provided.
Weigh bridge
Three number of electronic weighbridges have been provided for the existing plant.
Laboratory
A full-fledged laboratory for physical and chemical testing of raw materials and finished
products has been installed and in operation. Environmental cell is functioning with data
monitoring equipment and testing facilities. Monitoring reports of all parameters are regularly
submitted to State Pollution Control Board.
2.6 Utilities
Power
The details of power requirement and supply are given below:
Details of Power Requirement (MW)
Project Township Total
11.5 0.5 12.0
Source of Power (MW)
SEB/Grid
11.5 0.5 12.0

Power is provided by the State Electricity Board. Power is fed at 132 kV through single circuit
line. The 132 kV is stepped down to 6.6 kV. The Stand by DG sets provided shall be used only
in case of power failure.
2.6.1 Water Supply

The total requirement of water for the existing plant is 900 m3/day. The water is tapped from the
local perennial water stream, which is close to the plant site. Few bore wells were also
constructed at different locations within the CMCL’s premises. The details of fresh water
requirement are given in Table 2.7.
Table 2.7: Water Requirement (m3 / day)
Purpose Water Requirement (m3 / day) Source Type

Project:
Process 280 Surface water Treated water
Cooling water 320 Surface water Treated water
DM water Nil --- ---
Dust suppression 30 Surface water Raw water
Drinking 20 Surface water Treated water
Green belt 30 Surface water Raw water
Others if any Nil -- --
Sub Total (A) 680 Fresh Water only
1.1.1 Township:
Domestic 200 Ground water Raw water
Green belt 20 Ground water Treated Water
Others if any Nil --- ----
Sub Total (B) 220 Fresh Water only
Grand Total (A+B) 900 Fresh Water only
As major quantity of water utilized for cooling etc. is recirculated after treatment. So the net
recupement water requirement will be about 900 m3 / day.
Water supply shall be through central pumping station to the plant. The water distribution
system includes an underground raw water tank and a pump house. While water required for
cooling and process purposes shall be treated in softening plant. The capacity of softening
plant is 50 m3/hr with automatic backwash and regeneration system. The strong acid cation
resin is provided to reduce the total hardness of output water to less than 5 ppm.
Domestic waste water is treated in sewage treatment plant. The treated water is used for
irrigation of green belts and plantations in plant & township areas.

The salient features of modernization of expansion of the existing plant are as under:
Proposed Modernization and capacity upgradation measures at CMCL, Lumshnong:

Improvement Area Section Proposals
For the enhanced capacity of the kiln a preblending
Raw
system of 14000 t with stacker reclaimer for corrective
Corrective storage Material
is proposed. Additional storage of 8000 t will be
Handling
required for corrective.
Limestone Storage Raw Mill Additional storage capacity of 3000 t to be constructed.
Raw material A new Raw mill (Close Circuit Ball Mill) of capacity 70
Raw Mill
grinding tph is proposed.
Two nos. stand-by bucket elevators are proposed one
Raw meal storage
Raw mill for raw meal feeding to preheater and one for raw mill
and kiln feed
feeding to blending silo.
Clinker production Pyro • Addition of 3rd cyclone in first stage
Processing • Enlarging size of 2 bottom most cyclones
• Enlargement of some of the riser ducts and down
comer duct.
• The existing preheater fan to be replaced by higher
capacity fan.
• The existing RABH fan to be replaced with higher
capacity fan.
• The existing cooler exhaust fan to be replaced with
higher capacity fan.
• The balance fiberglass bags of bag house to be
replaced with Membrane bag.
• Third grate to cooler to be added and new cooling
air fans to be added.
• Kiln RPM to be increased to 5 rpm and kiln motor to
be replaced by higher capacity motor.
The capacity of the mill shall be increased to meet the

requirement by replacing the existing grinding media
Coal grinding Coal mill and liner plates by hi-crome grinding media and liner
plates and incorporating a dynamic separator in the
circuit.
It is proposed to erect a shed of 6,000 t capacity with
Coal Storage Coal mill
coal stacker and reclaimer for preblending.
The new mining machinery of Rs 723 Lacs is
Mining Machinery Mining
proposed for the entire capacity of the plant.
Total investment cost Rs 7,108 Lakhs

CHAPTER 3
PRESENT ENVIRONMENTAL SCENARIO
Any developmental activity may cause some environmental impacts on the surrounding
environment. In order to know the cumulative impacts due to the proposed plant on the
surrounding environment, it is very important to know the baseline environmental status in
the study area. This section provides the background information about the study area with
an overall description of environmental baseline of the area where the proposed plant would
take place. Various baseline environmental parameters, with each respective inference, as
per the table below were monitored as primary data and the secondary data was collected
for the analysis.
3.1 Study Area
The proposed project is set up near Lumshnong, P.O. Khliehriat, Jaintia Hills District,
Meghalaya. The study area is 10 km radial distance surrounding the project site.
Table-3.1 Baseline Environmental Parameters
Parameter Inference
Micro-
To assess the air pollution impacts on the neighbouring
meteorological
environment.
studies
To assess the baseline air quality status prior to the
commencement of the project. Predicted concentrations will
Air quality data
be superimposed on the baseline values to know the overall
baseline scenario during the operational phase.
Water quality and Even though the proposed plant does not generate any
soil quality in the wastewater from the process, it is proposed to identify the
study area baseline water quality for future reference.
Baseline ecological data was collected to identify any

Ecological
presence of endangered species and the impact due to
environment
proposed plant.
To identify land cover and land use pattern in the study area.
Land use and land
This forms the actual baseline data in the study area. The
cover data
same was compared with Survey of India Toposheet 83C/8.
Socio economic Relevant secondary data has been collected from various
and demographic sources to know the baseline socioeconomic status in the
data study area.
Bhagavathi Ana Labs, Hyderabad 3_1

3.2 GEOGRAPHY AND GEOLOGY OF THE AREA
3.2.1 Topography, Geology & Hydrogeology
The State of Meghalaya is located between the latitudes of 25º00' and 26º10' N and
longitudes of 89º45' and 92º47'E with an altitude ranging from 50-1961 metres above main
sea level (MSL) and covers 22.4lakhs ha (22,429 Sq.kms). The State is bounded by Assam
in the North, East and West and Bangladesh in the South and West. The proposed project is
situated at Lumshnong, P.O. Khliehriat, Jaintia Hills District, Meghalaya. The longitude and
latitude of the project site are E 92°22’52” and N 25°10’16”.
Geologically, Lumshnong and its surrounding areas from part of the Cetaceous – Territory
sedimentary rocks. Geological map presented as Figure 3.0. Hydrgeologically, the Jaintia
district can be divided into three units namely- consolidated, semi-consolidated and
unconsolidated formations. Consolidated formations comprise of the oldest rock formation
namely the peneplained genesis complex and quartzite. Groundwater occurs under both
water table and semi-confined condition in these consolidated formations. Unconsolidated
formations mainly are represented by recent alluvium formation occurring near the southern
fringe of the district adjacent to Bangladesh. The major part of the district is covered by
semi-consolidated formation covering Amlarem and Khliehriat blocks constituting the Shella
formation and study area is also part of the same. This type of formation has:
• fairly thick and discontinuous aquifer down to 250m. Groundwater occurs under
semi-confined to confined conditions. Water level rests at 4-9m below ground level
and yield ranges from 25–150 m³/hr; and
• Groundwater occurs under unconfined to semi-confined conditions in cavernous
limestone & sandstone and yield ranges from 25–150 m³/hr.
Hydrogeomorphological Map of study area presented as Figure -3.0a.
3.2.2 Drainage pattern

The geological formations, its resultant topography and tendency of headward erosion by
rainwater have led to the creation of drainage network in the area. The prevailing weather
and climate in the study area is characterized by heavy rainfall, which favours the action of
streams to a considerable extent. Drainage pattern map presented as Figure 3.0A.
Predominantly two different kinds of drainage patterns can be seen in the study area. They
are mainly dendritic and trellis pattern. The Lubha and Shesyampa are the main rivers in
study area showing common dendritic patterns. In a massively dissected region of
horizontal strata, the smaller streams show no predominant directional orientation or control.

Lubha river and its tributaries Um Lunar, Um Saugat and Dongtangle depict clear picture of
dendretic or tree like drainage pattern in the study area. This kind of drainage pattern has
generally developed in the most dissected parts of the plateau. In this case the consequent
river receives number of tributaries, which are fed by innumerable smaller streams. The
Seshympa, the main river controlling the drainage pattern west of NH-44, with the streams of
Wah Lariang, Umbadoh and Um Utha also shows similar dendritic pattern of drainage
system. The upper most part of Seshympa river from where it is originated shows trellis
pattern of drainage. In this case, the consequent stream cuts across the crest and
subsequent streams follow the strike valleys. Innumerable first order and second order
streams signify the high density of drainage system of the project area. Drainage Pattern
and Slope Map of study area presented as Figures-3.0b and 3.0c respectively.
3.2.3 Climate
The climate in the study area is typically tropical. The region experiences tropical monsoonic
climate that varies from Western to Eastern part of the plateau. Garo Hills district has tropical
climate characterized by high rainfall and humidity generally warm summer and moderately
cold winter. The lower elevated areas experience fairly high temperature for most part of the
year having a mean maximum of 23 to 26° and a mean minimum of 12 to 17° C. The mean
summer temperature is 26°C and the mean winter temperature is 9° C. The mean annual
rainfall varies from 2000-4000 mm with most rainfall concentrated from May to September.
3.3 Baseline Environmental Results for the Study Period (Summer ‘07)
3.3.1 Micro Meteorology
A meteorological station was installed during the months from January 2007 to march 2007
to record various meteorological parameters on hourly basis to understand the Wind pattern,
Temperature variation, Relative humidity and Rainfall. On-site monitoring was undertaken for
recording of various meteorological variables, viz., wind speed, wind direction, relative
humidity, rainfall and temperature in order to generate site-specific data. The data generated
is computed to obtain wind-roses of the area. The wind direction describes three quadrants
of 24-hour time period. The wind roses plotted for the wind directions recorded during the
study period from January 2007 to March 2007 is presented in this report.
3.3.1.1 Temperature
The study period from January 2007 to March 2007 recorded minimum and maximum
temperatures as 3.40C-35.10C respectively.

3.3.1.2 Relative humidity
The region generally experiences tropical climatic condition throughout the year except
during winters. The lowest relative humidity recorded during the study period was 22.5% and
highest as 89%. Day times experience higher humidity levels as compared to nights.
3.3.1.3 Rainfall
The study area experiences good rainfall. During study period total rainfall is recorded as
203.5 mm. It is observed that there was no rain fall during January 07 and rainy days
recorded were few during February and March, 2007.
3.3.1.4 Wind speed
The average wind speed ranged from 0.6 m/s during the study period. The calm periods
were recorded as 46.62% of the total count of 2208 hours during the study period.
3.3.1.5 Wind direction
The pre-dominant wind direction in the study area is from South-East during the study
period.

Fig – 3.1 Fig- 3.2

24 Hrs. Wind rose Diagram 00-08 Hrs. Wind rose Diagram
Entire study period Entire study period
Fig 3.3 Fig 3.4

08-16 Hrs. Wind rose Diagram 16-24 Hrs. Wind rose Diagram
Entire study period Entire study period

3.4 Ambient Air Quality (AAQ)
Ambient air quality of the study area has been assessed during pre-monsoon Season 2007
through a network of 8 ambient air quality stations, which are shown in Fig 3.5. The following
activities are present in the 10 km radius of the project site, which are responsible for the
background air quality. This formed the rationale for establishment of ambient air quality
monitoring network in 10 km radius of the study area.
Table-3.2: Environmental Attributes & Frequency of Monitoring
Attribute Parameters Frequency of Monitoring

24 hourly samples twice a week during study
SPM, RSPM
Ambient Air period.
Quality 8 hourly samples twice a week during study
SO2 , NOX, CO, HC
period.
Surface: Wind speed, Wind Surface: Continuous monitoring station for
Meteorology direction, Temperature, Relative entire study period on hourly basis and also
humidity and Rainfall data collection from secondary sources.
Physical, Chemical and
Water Quality Once during the study season
Bacteriological Parameters
Through field visit during the study period and
Ecology Existing Flora and Fauna
substantiated through secondary sources.
Noise Levels Noise levels in db (A) Hourly observations for 24 hours per location.
Soil Parameters related to agricultural
Once during the season.
Characteristics and afforestation potential
Trend of land use change for
Land Use Data from various Government agencies
different categories
Socio-economic characteristics,
Socio-economic labour force characteristics,
(Census Handbooks, 2001).
aspects population statistics and existing
amenities in the study area.
Table-3.3 Methodology of AAQ Sampling and analysis
S.No. Sampling Details SPM RSPM SO2 NOX CO/HC
HVS with Impinger

1 Monitoring equipment Respirable dust sampler GC analysis
assembly
TCM Abs. NaOH Abs.

2 Sampling media GF/A Tedler Bags
Soln. Soln.
3 Flow rate 1.0-1.3 m3/min 0.5-1 l/min 1.5 l/min
4 Sampling frequency 24 Hourly 8 hourly
5 Sampling period Continuous 24 hours for 24 sampling days
Chromatogra
6 Analysis methodology Gravimetric Method Spectrophotometric
phy

Table-3.4 AAQ Sampling Location Details
Distance
Location Direction Environmental
S.No. Location Name (kms)
Code w.r.t. Plant Setting
form Plant
1 A1 Umlong 3.5 W Village
2 A2 Tongseng 4.0 S Village
3 A3 Sonapur 7.5 S Village
4 A4 Lumshnong 0 - Village
5 A5 Thngskai 1.7 NW Village
6 A6 Mynkre 9.0 N Village
7 A7 Nongsning 7.0 N Village
8 A8 Sialkan 8.5 NE Village
Table-3.5 AAQ Summary during Pre-monsoon Season (Jan’07–Mar’07)
Air Quality Code Particulars SPM RPM SO2 NOx

Station
Minimum 62 16 5.5 8.7

Umlong A1
Maximum 92 36 11.3 14.4
Minimum 89.0 19.3 3.2 4.5
Tongseng A2
Maximum 110.0 43.2 7.1 10.0
Minimum 87.0 18.9 3.5 4.8
Sonapur A3
Maximum 108.0 43.2 8.1 11.6
Minimum 100.0 22.0 4.0 5.4
Lumshnong A4
Maximum 119.0 46.0 9.2 13.3
Minimum 78.0 17.9 3.2 4.3
Thngskai A5
Maximum 97.0 35.2 6.5 9.1
Minimum 82.0 18.9 3.9 5.3
Mynkre A6
Maximum 111.0 40.0 7.7 11.0
Minimum 81.0 17.4 3.1 4.1
Nongsning A7
Maximum 95.0 35.6 7.1 10.0
Minimum 82.0 16.6 2.8 3.7
Sialkan A8
Maximum 93.0 35.2 7.0 9.9

Cement Manufacturing Company Limited
Fig-3.5 Map Showing Air Quality Stations
A6
Mynkre
25 15 25 15'
Umrasong
A5
Nongsning
Umrasiang Musiang
Shiehruphi A7
Umrasong
Sialkan
Thangskei
A4
A3
Wahiajer
Umbadoh
ar
lun
A2 A1
Um
Lumshnong
Umlong
R
pa
25 15'
ym
Umlaper
sh
Se
N
ng
ana
ahL A8
W
Tongseng R
b ha
Lu
A9
Lumtongseng
A10
Sonapur
Shymplong
R
ha
Lub
92 20' 92 25'
L E G E N D
ROAD
0 1 2 3 4 5KM
RIVER
PROJECT: MEGHALAYA POWER LIMITED

VILLAGES TITLE:
AMBIENT AIR QUALITY MONITORING LOCATIONS
PREPARED BY
AIR MONITORING STATIONS M/s.BHAGAVATHI ANA LABS LTD
HYDERABAD

Observations of Ambient Air Quality:
The results of AAQ monitoring parameters are summarized in the preceding table. The total
8 sampling locations within the study area are well within the stipulated limits of NAAQ
Standards. Locations in downwind direction were found to have more concentrations of SPM
and RPM as compared to crosswind directions. The overall maximum concentration of SPM,
RPM, SO2 and NOx were observed at Lumshnong village with concentration values 119
µg/cum, 46 µg/cum, 9.2 µg/cum and 13.3 µg/cum. The Concentration values of CO and HC
are far below the detection limits.

Table-3.6: Ambient Air Quality Report for AQ1

Station: Umlong
S.No. Month Week Day SPM RSPM SO2 (μg/m3) NOx (μg/m3) HC CO
3 3 06 - 14 15 - 22 23 - 06 24 hrs 06 - 14 15 - 22 23 - 06 24 hrs
μg/m μg/m PPM PPM
hrs hrs hrs Average hrs hrs hrs Average
1 1st 71 21 8.4 7.6 6.9 7.6 12.9 11.7 10.0 11.5 <1 <1
Ist
2 2nd 85 18 6.9 5.7 5.5 6.0 10.6 9.0 7.3 8.9 <1 <1
3 1st 87 24 7.4 8.0 6.2 7.2 11.3 10.0 8.3 9.9 <1 <1
IInd
4 January' 2nd 88 24 6.6 6.2 5.1 6.0 10.1 8.9 7.2 8.7 <1 <1
5 2007 1st 80 16 7.8 7.2 6.5 7.2 11.9 10.8 9.1 10.6 <1 <1
IIIrd
6 2nd 81 24 9.4 9.6 7.9 9.0 14.4 13.0 11.3 12.9 <1 <1
7 1st 85 34 7.1 7.5 5.6 6.7 10.8 9.6 7.9 9.5 <1 <1
IVth
8 2nd 82 19 10.0 9.5 8.9 9.5 15.3 13.8 12.1 13.7 <1 <1
1 1st 62 18 9.4 8.6 7.9 8.6 11.7 10.5 8.8 10.3 <1 <1
Ist
2 2nd 87 18 8.1 6.9 6.7 7.2 11.8 10.2 8.5 10.1 <1 <1
3 1st 88 25 6.7 7.3 5.5 6.5 10.6 9.3 7.6 9.2 <1 <1
IInd
4 February' 2nd 90 24 7.0 6.6 5.5 6.4 10.5 9.3 7.6 9.1 <1 <1
5 2007 1st 88 18 8.6 8.0 7.3 8.0 12.2 11.1 9.4 10.9 <1 <1
IIIrd
6 2nd 82 25 9.7 9.9 8.2 9.3 14.7 13.3 12.0 13.3 <1 <1
7 1st 82 33 11.7 12.1 10.2 11.3 10.5 9.3 7.6 9.2 <1 <1
IVth
8 2nd 88 20 9.8 9.3 8.7 9.3 15.1 13.6 11.9 13.5 <1 <1
1 1st 80 23 10.1 9.3 8.6 9.3 12.4 11.2 9.5 11.0 <1 <1
Ist
2 2nd 82 17 8.4 7.2 7.0 7.5 12.1 10.5 8.8 10.4 <1 <1
3 1st 85 24 6.9 7.5 5.7 6.7 10.8 9.5 7.8 9.4 <1 <1
IInd
4 March' 2nd 90 24 6.1 5.7 4.6 5.5 14.7 13.5 15.0 14.4 <1 <1
5 2007 1st 92 18 8.4 7.8 7.1 7.8 11.6 10.5 8.8 10.3 <1 <1
IIIrd
6 2nd 89 27 8.6 8.8 7.1 8.2 13.6 12.2 10.5 12.1 <1 <1
7 1st 90 36 11.6 12.0 10.1 11.2 10.4 9.2 7.5 9.1 <1 <1
IVth
8 2nd 92 21 9.4 8.9 8.3 8.9 14.7 13.2 11.5 13.1 <1 <1
Min 62.0 16.0 5.5 8.7
Max 92.0 36.0 11.3 14.4
Mean 84.4 23.0 7.9 10.9
10th percentile 80.0 17.7 6.1 9.1
30th percentile 82.0 18.8 7.1 9.5
50th percentile 86.0 23.5 7.7 10.4
95th percentile 91.7 33.8 11.0 13.7
98th percentile 92.0 35.1 11.3 14.1


Station: Tongseng
SPM RSPM SO2 (μg/m3) NOx (μg/m3) HC CO
S.No. Month Week Day
3 06 - 14 15 - 22 23 - 06 24 hrs 06 - 14 15 - 22 23 - 06 24 hrs
μg/m μg/m3 PPM PPM
st
1 1 91 26 5.5 4.7 4.0 4.7 8.4 7.2 5.5 7.0 <1 <1
Ist
2 2nd 92 19 4.0 2.8 2.6 3.2 6.2 4.6 2.9 4.5 <1 <1
3 1st 97 27 5.7 6.3 4.5 5.5 8.7 7.4 5.7 7.2 <1 <1
IInd
4 January' 2nd 100 27 5.6 5.2 4.1 5.0 8.6 7.4 5.7 7.2 <1 <1
5 2007 1st 102 20 4.3 3.7 3.0 3.6 6.5 5.4 3.7 5.2 <1 <1
IIIrd
6 2nd 100 30 6.3 6.5 4.8 5.8 9.6 8.2 6.5 8.1 <1 <1
7 1st 89 36 7.4 7.8 5.9 7.1 11.3 10.1 8.4 10.0 <1 <1
IVth
8 2nd 92 21 4.4 3.9 3.3 3.9 6.7 5.2 3.5 5.2 <1 <1
1 1st 97 28 5.9 5.1 4.4 5.1 7.2 6.0 4.3 5.8 <1 <1
Ist
2 2nd 95 20 5.2 4.0 3.8 4.4 7.4 5.8 4.1 5.7 <1 <1
3 1st 107 30 5.0 5.6 3.8 4.8 8.0 6.7 5.0 6.5 <1 <1
IInd
4 February' 2nd 105 28 6.0 5.6 4.5 5.4 9.0 7.8 6.1 7.6 <1 <1
5 2007 1st 98 20 4.6 4.0 3.3 3.9 6.8 5.7 4.0 5.5 <1 <1
IIIrd
6 2nd 105 32 6.6 6.8 5.1 6.1 9.9 8.5 6.8 8.4 <1 <1
7 1st 108 43 7.1 7.5 5.6 6.8 11.0 9.8 8.1 9.7 <1 <1
IVth
8 2nd 110 25 4.2 3.7 3.1 3.7 6.5 5.0 3.3 5.0 <1 <1
1 1st 97 28 6.6 5.8 5.1 5.8 7.9 6.7 5.0 6.5 <1 <1
Ist
2 2nd 110 23 5.5 4.3 4.1 4.7 7.7 6.1 4.4 6.0 <1 <1
3 1st 103 29 5.2 5.8 4.0 5.0 8.2 6.9 5.2 6.7 <1 <1
IInd
4 March' 2nd 98 26 5.1 4.7 3.6 4.5 8.1 6.9 5.2 6.7 <1 <1
5 2007 1st 104 21 4.0 3.4 2.7 3.3 6.2 5.1 3.4 4.9 <1 <1
IIIrd
6 2nd 108 32 5.5 5.7 4.0 5.0 8.8 7.4 5.7 7.3 <1 <1
7 1st 102 41 7.0 7.4 5.5 6.7 10.9 9.7 8.0 9.6 <1 <1
IVth
8 2nd 110 25 3.8 3.3 2.7 3.3 6.1 4.6 2.9 4.6 <1 <1
Min 89.0 19.3 3.2 4.5
Max 110.0 43.2 7.1 10.0
Mean 100.8 27.5 4.9 6.7
10th percentile 92.0 20.1 3.4 4.9
30th percentile 97.0 25.1 4.3 5.7
50th percentile 101.0 27.1 4.9 6.6
95th percentile 110.0 40.0 6.7 9.7
98th percentile 110.0 42.1 6.9 9.8


Station: Sonapur
3 3 06-14 15-22 23-06 24 hrs 06-14 15-22 23-06 24 hrs
μg/m μg/m PPM PPM
1 1st 87 25 5.3 4.5 3.8 4.5 8.0 6.8 5.1 6.7 <1 <1
Ist
2 2nd 90 19 5.9 4.7 4.5 5.0 9.0 7.4 5.7 7.4 <1 <1
3 1st 92 26 5.4 6.0 4.2 5.2 8.2 6.9 5.2 6.8 <1 <1
IInd
4 January' 2nd 98 26 5.5 5.1 4.0 4.9 8.4 7.2 5.5 7.1 <1 <1
5 2007 1st 100 20 4.2 3.6 2.9 3.5 6.4 5.3 3.6 5.1 <1 <1
IIIrd
6 2nd 107 32 6.7 6.9 5.2 6.3 10.2 8.8 7.1 8.7 <1 <1
7 1st 102 41 8.5 8.9 7.0 8.1 13.0 11.8 10.1 11.6 <1 <1
IVth
8 2nd 100 23 7.2 6.7 6.1 6.7 11.0 9.5 7.8 9.4 <1 <1
1 1st 105 30 6.3 5.5 4.8 5.6 6.8 5.6 3.9 5.5 <1 <1
Ist
2 2nd 98 21 7.1 5.9 5.7 6.2 10.2 8.6 6.9 8.6 <1 <1
3 1st 102 29 4.7 5.3 3.5 4.5 7.5 6.2 4.5 6.1 <1 <1
IInd
4 February' 2nd 100 27 5.9 5.5 4.4 5.3 8.8 7.6 5.9 7.5 <1 <1
5 2007 1st 96 19 5.0 4.4 3.7 4.3 6.7 5.6 3.9 5.4 <1 <1
IIIrd
6 2nd 105 32 7.0 7.2 5.5 6.6 10.5 9.1 7.4 9.0 <1 <1
7 1st 108 43 8.2 8.6 6.7 7.8 12.7 11.5 9.8 11.3 <1 <1
IVth
8 2nd 102 23 7.0 6.5 5.9 6.5 10.8 9.3 7.6 9.2 <1 <1
1 1st 106 31 7.0 6.2 5.5 6.3 7.5 6.3 4.6 6.2 <1 <1
Ist
2 2nd 98 21 7.4 6.2 6.0 6.5 10.5 8.9 7.2 8.9 <1 <1
3 1st 100 28 4.9 5.5 3.7 4.7 7.7 6.4 4.7 6.3 <1 <1
IInd
4 March' 2nd 103 28 5.0 4.6 3.5 4.4 7.9 6.7 5.0 6.6 <1 <1
5 2007 1st 102 20 4.8 4.2 3.5 4.1 6.1 5.0 3.3 4.8 <1 <1
IIIrd
6 2nd 97 29 5.9 6.1 4.4 5.5 9.4 8.0 6.3 7.9 <1 <1
7 1st 106 42 8.1 8.5 6.6 7.7 12.6 11.4 9.7 11.2 <1 <1
IVth
8 2nd 100 23 6.6 6.1 5.5 6.1 10.4 8.9 7.2 8.8 <1 <1
Min 87.0 18.9 3.5 4.8
Max 108.0 43.2 8.1 11.6
Mean 100.2 27.4 5.7 7.8
10th percentile 93.2 20.1 4.3 5.4
30th percentile 98.0 23.0 4.9 6.5
50th percentile 100.0 26.7 5.5 7.4
95th percentile 106.9 42.2 7.8 11.3
98th percentile 107.5 42.8 8.0 11.5


Station: Lumshnong
3 3 06 - 14 15 - 22 23 - 06 24 hrs 06 - 14 15 - 22 23 - 06 24 hrs
μg/m μg/m PPM PPM
st
1 1 100 29 6.0 5.2 4.5 5.3 9.2 8.0 6.3 7.9 <1 <1
Ist
2 2nd 107 22 7.0 5.8 5.6 6.2 10.7 9.1 7.4 9.1 <1 <1
3 1st 110 31 6.4 7.0 5.2 6.2 9.8 8.5 6.8 8.4 <1 <1
IInd
4 January' 2nd 105 28 5.9 5.5 4.4 5.3 9.0 7.8 6.1 7.7 <1 <1
5 2007 1st 110 22 4.6 4.0 3.3 4.0 7.0 5.9 4.2 5.7 <1 <1
IIIrd
6 2nd 112 34 7.0 7.2 5.5 6.6 10.7 9.3 7.6 9.2 <1 <1
7 1st 115 46 9.6 10.0 8.1 9.2 14.7 13.5 11.8 13.3 <1 <1
IVth
8 2nd 108 25 7.8 7.3 6.7 7.2 11.9 10.4 8.7 10.3 <1 <1
1 1st 119 35 7.2 6.4 5.7 6.4 8.0 6.8 5.1 6.7 <1 <1
Ist
2 2nd 114 24 8.2 7.0 6.8 7.4 11.9 10.3 8.6 10.3 <1 <1
3 1st 100 28 5.7 6.3 4.5 5.5 9.1 7.8 6.1 7.7 <1 <1
IInd
4 February' 2nd 109 29 6.3 5.9 4.8 5.7 9.4 8.2 6.5 8.1 <1 <1
5 2007 1st 112 22 5.4 4.8 4.1 4.8 7.3 6.2 4.5 6.0 <1 <1
IIIrd
6 2nd 115 35 7.3 7.5 5.8 6.9 11.0 9.6 7.9 9.5 <1 <1
7 1st 108 43 9.3 9.7 7.8 8.9 14.4 13.2 11.5 13.0 <1 <1
IVth
8 2nd 106 24 7.6 7.1 6.5 7.0 11.7 10.2 8.5 10.1 <1 <1
1 1st 110 32 7.9 7.1 6.4 7.1 8.7 7.5 5.8 7.4 <1 <1
Ist
2 2nd 112 24 8.5 7.3 7.1 7.7 12.2 10.6 8.9 10.6 <1 <1
3 1st 115 32 5.9 6.5 4.7 5.7 9.3 8.0 6.3 7.9 <1 <1
IInd
4 March' 2nd 112 30 5.4 5.0 3.9 4.8 8.5 7.3 5.6 7.2 <1 <1
5 2007 1st 118 24 5.2 4.6 3.9 4.6 6.7 5.6 3.9 5.4 <1 <1
IIIrd
6 2nd 101 30 6.2 6.4 4.7 5.8 9.9 8.5 6.8 8.4 <1 <1
7 1st 108 43 9.2 9.6 7.7 8.8 14.3 13.1 11.4 12.9 <1 <1
IVth
8 2nd 110 25 7.2 6.7 6.1 6.6 11.3 9.8 8.1 9.7 <1 <1
Min 100.0 22.0 4.0 5.4
Max 119.0 46.0 9.2 13.3
Mean 109.8 29.9 6.4 8.9
10th percentile 102.2 22.8 4.8 6.2
30th percentile 108.0 24.8 5.7 7.7
50th percentile 110.0 29.2 6.3 8.4
95th percentile 117.6 43.2 8.9 13.0
98th percentile 118.5 44.7 9.1 13.2


Station: Thngskai
06 - 14 15 - 22 23 - 06 24 hrs 06 - 14 15 - 22 23 - 06 24 hrs
μg/m3 μg/m3 PPM PPM
st
1 1 84 24 5.1 4.3 3.6 4.3 7.8 6.6 4.9 6.4 <1 <1
Ist
2 2nd 85 18 5.6 4.4 4.2 4.7 8.5 6.9 5.2 6.9 <1 <1
3 1st 88 25 5.1 5.7 3.9 4.9 7.9 6.6 4.9 6.4 <1 <1
IInd
4 January' 2nd 91 25 5.1 4.7 3.6 4.5 7.8 6.6 4.9 6.5 <1 <1
5 2007 1st 92 18 3.8 3.2 2.5 3.2 5.9 4.8 3.1 4.6 <1 <1
IIIrd
6 2nd 84 25 5.3 5.5 3.8 4.8 8.0 6.6 4.9 6.5 <1 <1
7 1st 82 33 6.8 7.2 5.3 6.5 10.5 9.3 7.6 9.1 <1 <1
IVth
8 2nd 85 20 6.1 5.6 5.0 5.6 9.3 7.8 6.1 7.8 <1 <1
1 1st 81 23 4.9 4.1 3.4 4.1 6.6 5.4 3.7 5.2 <1 <1
Ist
2 2nd 90 19 6.8 5.6 5.4 5.9 9.7 8.1 6.4 8.1 <1 <1
3 1st 91 25 4.4 5.0 3.2 4.2 7.2 5.9 4.2 5.7 <1 <1
IInd
4 February' 2nd 94 25 5.5 5.1 4.0 4.9 8.2 7.0 5.3 6.9 <1 <1
5 2007 1st 95 19 4.6 4.0 3.3 4.0 6.2 5.1 3.4 4.9 <1 <1
IIIrd
6 2nd 82 25 5.6 5.8 4.1 5.1 8.3 6.9 5.2 6.8 <1 <1
7 1st 85 34 6.5 6.9 5.0 6.2 10.2 9.0 7.3 8.8 <1 <1
IVth
8 2nd 87 20 5.9 5.4 4.8 5.4 9.1 7.6 5.9 7.6 <1 <1
1 1st 78 23 5.6 4.8 4.1 4.8 7.3 6.1 4.4 5.9 <1 <1
Ist
2 2nd 90 19 7.1 5.9 5.7 6.2 10.0 8.4 6.7 8.4 <1 <1
3 1st 94 26 4.6 5.2 3.4 4.4 7.4 6.1 4.4 5.9 <1 <1
IInd
4 March' 2nd 97 26 4.6 4.2 3.1 4.0 7.3 6.1 4.4 6.0 <1 <1
5 2007 1st 95 19 4.4 3.8 3.1 3.8 5.6 4.5 2.8 4.3 <1 <1
IIIrd
6 2nd 82 25 4.5 4.7 3.0 4.0 7.2 5.8 4.1 5.7 <1 <1
7 1st 88 35 6.4 6.8 4.9 6.1 10.1 8.9 7.2 8.7 <1 <1
IVth
8 2nd 87 20 5.5 5.0 4.4 5.0 8.7 7.2 5.5 7.2 <1 <1
Min 78.0 17.9 3.2 4.3
Max 97.0 35.2 6.5 9.1
Mean 87.8 23.8 4.9 6.7
10th percentile 82.0 18.9 4.0 5.0
30th percentile 84.9 20.0 4.3 5.9
50th percentile 87.5 24.5 4.8 6.5
95th percentile 95.0 33.8 6.2 8.8
98th percentile 96.1 34.6 6.3 9.0


Station: Mynkre
3 06 - 14 15 - 22 23 - 06 24 hrs 06 - 14 15 - 22 23 - 06 24 hrs
st
1 1 107 31 6.5 5.7 5.0 5.7 9.9 8.7 7.0 8.5 <1 <1
Ist
2 2nd 95 20 6.2 5.0 4.8 5.4 9.5 7.9 6.2 7.9 <1 <1
3 1st 98 27 5.7 6.3 4.5 5.5 8.7 7.4 5.7 7.3 <1 <1
IInd
4 January' 2nd 105 28 5.9 5.5 4.4 5.3 9.0 7.8 6.1 7.7 <1 <1
5 2007 1st 108 22 4.5 3.9 3.2 3.9 6.9 5.8 4.1 5.6 <1 <1
IIIrd
6 2nd 110 33 6.9 7.1 5.4 6.4 10.5 9.1 7.4 9.0 <1 <1
7 1st 97 39 8.1 8.5 6.6 7.7 12.4 11.2 9.5 11.0 <1 <1
IVth
8 2nd 110 25 7.9 7.4 6.8 7.4 12.1 10.6 8.9 10.5 <1 <1
1 1st 103 30 6.2 5.4 4.7 5.5 8.7 7.5 5.8 7.3 <1 <1
Ist
2 2nd 98 21 7.4 6.2 6.0 6.6 10.7 9.1 7.4 9.1 <1 <1
3 1st 104 29 5.0 5.6 3.8 4.8 8.0 6.7 5.0 6.6 <1 <1
IInd
4 February' 2nd 108 29 6.3 5.9 4.8 5.7 9.4 8.2 6.5 8.1 <1 <1
5 2007 1st 102 20 5.3 4.7 4.0 4.7 7.2 6.1 4.4 5.9 <1 <1
IIIrd
6 2nd 110 33 7.2 7.4 5.7 6.7 10.8 9.4 7.7 9.3 <1 <1
7 1st 82 33 7.8 8.2 6.3 7.4 12.1 10.9 9.2 10.7 <1 <1
IVth
8 2nd 85 20 7.7 7.2 6.6 7.2 11.9 10.4 8.7 10.3 <1 <1
1 1st 100 29 6.9 6.1 5.4 6.2 9.4 8.2 6.5 8.0 <1 <1
Ist
2 2nd 90 19 7.7 6.5 6.3 6.9 11.0 9.4 7.7 9.4 <1 <1
3 1st 107 30 5.2 5.8 4.0 5.0 8.2 6.9 5.2 6.8 <1 <1
IInd
4 March' 2nd 111 30 5.4 5.0 3.9 4.8 8.5 7.3 5.6 7.2 <1 <1
5 2007 1st 95 19 5.1 4.5 3.8 4.5 6.6 5.5 3.8 5.3 <1 <1
IIIrd
6 2nd 97 29 6.1 6.3 4.6 5.6 9.7 8.3 6.6 8.2 <1 <1
7 1st 100 40 7.7 8.1 6.2 7.3 12.0 10.8 9.1 10.6 <1 <1
IVth
8 2nd 98 23 7.3 6.8 6.2 6.8 11.5 10.0 8.3 9.9 <1 <1
Min 82.0 18.9 3.9 5.3
Max 111.0 40.0 7.7 11.0
Mean 100.8 27.4 5.9 8.3
10th percentile 91.5 19.7 4.7 6.1
30th percentile 97.9 22.4 5.4 7.3
50th percentile 101.0 29.1 5.7 8.1
95th percentile 110.0 37.9 7.4 10.7
98th percentile 110.5 39.4 7.6 10.9


Station: Nongsning
06 - 14 15 – 22 23 - 06 24 hrs 06 - 14 15 - 22 23 - 06 24 hrs
μg/m3 μg/m3 PPM PPM
st
1 1 85 25 5.1 4.3 3.6 4.4 7.9 6.7 5.0 6.5 <1 <1
Ist
2 2nd 83 17 5.4 4.2 4.0 4.6 8.3 6.7 5.0 6.7 <1 <1
3 1st 85 24 5.0 5.6 3.8 4.8 7.6 6.3 4.6 6.2 <1 <1
IInd
4 January' 2nd 87 23 4.9 4.5 3.4 4.3 7.5 6.3 4.6 6.1 <1 <1
5 2007 1st 90 18 3.8 3.2 2.5 3.1 5.7 4.6 2.9 4.4 <1 <1
IIIrd
6 2nd 82 25 5.1 5.3 3.6 4.7 7.8 6.4 4.7 6.3 <1 <1
7 1st 89 36 7.4 7.8 5.9 7.1 11.3 10.1 8.4 10.0 <1 <1
IVth
8 2nd 86 20 6.2 5.7 5.1 5.6 9.5 8.0 6.3 7.9 <1 <1
1 1st 81 23 4.9 4.1 3.4 4.1 6.7 5.5 3.8 5.3 <1 <1
Ist
2 2nd 88 18 6.6 5.4 5.2 5.8 9.5 7.9 6.2 7.9 <1 <1
3 1st 90 25 4.3 4.9 3.1 4.1 6.9 5.6 3.9 5.5 <1 <1
IInd
4 February' 2nd 92 25 5.3 4.9 3.8 4.7 7.9 6.7 5.0 6.5 <1 <1
5 2007 1st 90 18 4.6 4.0 3.3 3.9 6.0 4.9 3.2 4.7 <1 <1
IIIrd
6 2nd 89 27 5.4 5.6 3.9 5.0 8.1 6.7 5.0 6.6 <1 <1
7 1st 85 34 7.1 7.5 5.6 6.8 11.0 9.8 8.1 9.7 <1 <1
IVth
8 2nd 88 20 6.0 5.5 4.9 5.4 9.3 7.8 6.1 7.7 <1 <1
1 1st 83 24 5.6 4.8 4.1 4.8 7.4 6.2 4.5 6.0 <1 <1
Ist
2 2nd 90 19 6.9 5.7 5.5 6.1 9.8 8.2 6.5 8.2 <1 <1
3 1st 93 26 4.5 5.1 3.3 4.3 7.1 5.8 4.1 5.7 <1 <1
IInd
4 March' 2nd 95 26 4.4 4.0 2.9 3.8 7.0 5.8 4.1 5.6 <1 <1
5 2007 1st 95 19 4.4 3.8 3.1 3.7 5.4 4.3 2.6 4.1 <1 <1
IIIrd
6 2nd 90 27 4.3 4.5 2.8 3.9 7.0 5.6 3.9 5.5 <1 <1
7 1st 89 36 7.0 7.4 5.5 6.7 10.9 9.7 8.0 9.6 <1 <1
IVth
8 2nd 85 20 5.6 5.1 4.5 5.0 8.9 7.4 5.7 7.3 <1 <1
Min 81.0 17.4 3.1 4.1
Max 95.0 35.6 7.1 10.0
Mean 87.9 23.9 4.9 6.7
10th percentile 83.0 18.1 3.8 4.9
30th percentile 85.0 19.8 4.2 5.6
50th percentile 88.5 23.9 4.7 6.4
95th percentile 94.7 35.4 6.7 9.7
98th percentile 95.0 35.6 6.9 9.8


Station: Sialkan
3 06 - 14 15 - 22 23 - 06 24 hrs 06 - 14 15 - 22 23 - 06 24 hrs
st
1 1 92 27 5.6 4.8 4.1 4.8 8.5 7.3 5.6 7.1 <1 <1
Ist
2 2nd 93 20 6.1 4.9 4.7 5.2 9.3 7.7 6.0 7.7 <1 <1
3 1st 82 23 4.8 5.4 3.6 4.6 7.3 6.0 4.3 5.9 <1 <1
IInd
4 January' 2nd 85 23 4.8 4.4 3.3 4.1 7.3 6.1 4.4 5.9 <1 <1
5 2007 1st 83 17 3.5 2.9 2.2 2.8 5.3 4.2 2.5 4.0 <1 <1
IIIrd
6 2nd 90 27 5.6 5.8 4.1 5.2 8.6 7.2 5.5 7.1 <1 <1
7 1st 88 35 7.3 7.7 5.8 7.0 11.2 10.0 8.3 9.9 <1 <1
IVth
8 2nd 90 21 6.5 6.0 5.4 5.9 9.9 8.4 6.7 8.3 <1 <1
1 1st 92 27 5.6 4.8 4.1 4.8 7.3 6.1 4.4 5.9 <1 <1
Ist
2 2nd 88 18 7.3 6.1 5.9 6.4 10.5 8.9 7.2 8.9 <1 <1
3 1st 85 24 4.1 4.7 2.9 3.9 6.6 5.3 3.6 5.2 <1 <1
IInd
4 February' 2nd 90 24 5.2 4.8 3.7 4.5 7.7 6.5 4.8 6.3 <1 <1
5 2007 1st 92 18 4.3 3.7 3.0 3.6 5.6 4.5 2.8 4.3 <1 <1
IIIrd
6 2nd 93 28 5.9 6.1 4.4 5.5 8.9 7.5 5.8 7.4 <1 <1
7 1st 82 33 7.0 7.4 5.5 6.7 10.9 9.7 8.0 9.6 <1 <1
IVth
8 2nd 85 20 6.3 5.8 5.2 5.7 9.7 8.2 6.5 8.1 <1 <1
1 1st 89 26 6.3 5.5 4.8 5.5 8.0 6.8 5.1 6.6 <1 <1
Ist
2 2nd 90 19 7.6 6.4 6.2 6.7 10.8 9.2 7.5 9.2 <1 <1
3 1st 88 25 4.3 4.9 3.1 4.1 6.8 5.5 3.8 5.4 <1 <1
IInd
4 March' 2nd 90 24 4.3 3.9 2.8 3.6 6.8 5.6 3.9 5.4 <1 <1
5 2007 1st 92 18 4.1 3.5 2.8 3.4 5.0 3.9 2.2 3.7 <1 <1
IIIrd
6 2nd 88 26 4.8 5.0 3.3 4.4 7.8 6.4 4.7 6.3 <1 <1
7 1st 85 34 6.9 7.3 5.4 6.6 10.8 9.6 7.9 9.5 <1 <1
IVth
8 2nd 90 21 5.9 5.4 4.8 5.3 9.3 7.8 6.1 7.7 <1 <1
Min 82.0 16.6 2.8 3.7
Max 93.0 35.2 7.0 9.9
Mean 88.4 24.0 5.0 6.9
10th percentile 83.6 18.4 3.6 4.6
30th percentile 87.7 20.6 4.4 5.9
50th percentile 89.5 24.1 5.0 6.9
95th percentile 92.9 33.8 6.7 9.5
98th percentile 93.0 34.6 6.9 9.7

3.5 Noise Environment
Noise levels were measured near highways, residential areas and other settlements located
within 10 km radius around the project site. The noise recording stations are shown in Fig-3.6
and the summary of noise levels in the study area is given in Table-3.14. The day equivalent
noise levels and night equivalent noise levels were found to be less. Noise levels were
recorded at each station with a time interval of one minute for about 30 minutes in each hour
and were computed for equivalent noise levels for day-equivalent, night-equivalent & day-night
equivalent.
Table-3.14 Noise Monitoring Locations
Distance
Location Direction Environmental
S.No. Location Name (kms)
Code w.r.t. Plant Setting
w.r.t. Plant
1 NQ1 Lumshnong 0 - Rural area
2 NQ2 Umlong 3.5 W Rural area
3 NQ3 Wahizar 1.5 N Mixed area
4 NQ4 Thngskai 1.7 NW Rural area
5 NQ5 Nongsning 7.0 N Industrial area
6 NQ6 Mynkre 9.0 N Industrial area
7 NQ7 Sialkan 8.5 NE Industrial area
8 NQ8 Tongseng 4.0 S Industrial area
9 NQ9 Lumtongseng 5.5 S Rural area
10 NQ10 Sonapur 7.5 S Rural area

Fig-3.6 Map showing Noise Monitoring Locations

Table-3.15 Equivalent Noise Levels in the Study Area (10 km radius)
Time in Noise Level Monitoring Station

Hrs N1 N2 N3 N4 N5 N6 N7 N8 N9 N10
6:00 39.6 40.0 40.2 42.8 43.2 43.1 43.7 43.4 54.6 51.9
7:00 40.8 41.1 42.1 44.1 44.4 44.6 44.9 45.1 49.4 47.7
8:00 42.1 42.7 43.6 45.4 46.0 45.6 46.2 45.8 45.1 43.5
9:00 45.7 45.8 47.0 47.1 47.2 47.3 47.4 47.5 44.7 43.3
10:00 48.1 47.7 49.4 50.2 49.8 49.0 48.6 49.4 45.2 43.1
11:00 50.7 50.9 52.0 52.2 52.4 52.6 52.8 53.0 41.4 43.3
12:00 51.1 50.7 52.4 52.8 52.4 52.4 52.0 41.7 43.5
13:00 51.3 50.7 52.6 53.2 52.6 52.0 51.4 52.0 40.9 43.3
14:00 50.7 51.1 52.0 53.6 54.0 52.4 52.8 54.4 40.4 43.5
15:00 49.5 49.9 50.8 51.2 51.6 52.0 52.4 52.8 40.1 43.3
16:00 54.8 55.0 53.6 54.9 55.1 55.1 54.4 54.5 41.3 43.5
17:00 56.1 59.3 53.3 58.1 54.9 55.2 55.7 55.7 41.4 43.3
18:00 51.9 52.6 53.2 54.6 53.9 53.9 54.6 54.6 42.8 39.6
19:00 47.7 47.3 49.0 49.4 49.0 49.0 48.6 48.6 44.1 40.8
20:00 43.5 43.8 44.8 45.1 45.4 45.7 46.0 46.3 45.4 42.1
21:00 43.3 43.4 44.6 44.7 44.8 44.9 45.0 45.1 47.1 45.7
22:00 43.1 43.7 44.6 45.2 45.8 46.4 47.0 47.6 50.2 48.1
23:00 43.3 44.9 40.4 41.4 41.2 40.2 40.0 41.0 52.2 50.7
00:00 43.5 44.0 39.5 41.7 42.2 42.2 42.7 42.7 52.8 51.1
01:00 43.3 43.0 40.0 40.9 40.6 39.7 39.4 40.3 53.2 51.3
02:00 43.5 43.0 40.2 40.4 39.9 39.9 39.4 39.4 53.6 50.7
03:00 43.3 43.2 39.1 40.1 39.5 38.9 38.3 39.3 51.2 49.5
04:00 43.5 44.1 40.0 41.3 41.9 41.9 42.5 42.5 54.9 54.8
05:00 43.3 43.7 39.4 41.4 41.8 41.8 42.2 42.2 58.1 56.1
Statistical Analysis of Data
Min 39.6 40.0 39.1 40.1 39.5 38.9 38.3 39.3 40.1 40.0
Max 56.1 59.3 53.6 58.1 55.1 55.2 55.7 55.7 58.1 59.3
Ld 47.9 48.3 48.8 50.0 49.8 49.7 49.8 50.0 51.6 53.7
Ln 53.4 53.7 50.4 51.6 51.6 51.4 51.4 51.9 50.0 48.3
Ldn 50.7 51.1 49.5 50.6 50.6 50.4 50.5 50.8 50.6 51.1
3.5.1 Observations of Noise Levels Data
The noise data reveals that the values were well below the acceptable standard noise levels.
The Overall maximum noise was observed at Umlong and Sonapur with maximum values of
59.3 dBA each respectively during the day. The lowest noise levels were observed at Sailakan
during the night time with value 38.3 dBA.

3.6 Water Environment
Assessment of baseline data on water environment includes
• Identification of surface water sources

• Identification of ground water sources
• Collection of water samples
• Analyzing water samples for physio-chemical and biological parameters
Assessment of water quality in the study area includes the water quality testing and
assessment per the Indian standard IS 10500 (drinking water standard). The locations of
water sampling are shown in Fig 3.7 water samples from various locations in and around the
plant site within 10 km radius were collected for assessment of the physico-chemical and
bacteriological quality. Methodologies adopted for sampling and analysis were according to
the IS methods. Field parameters such as pH, Temperature and Dissolved Oxygen were
tested at site. The parameters thus analyzed were compared with IS 10500. Details of water
sampling locations are given in table below.
Table-3.16 Water sampling locations
Distance
Location Direction
S No. Location Name (kms) Sample Source
Code w.r.t. Plant
w.r.t. Plant
Ground Water/
1 GWQ1 Lumshnong 0 -
Bore Well
Ground Water/
2 GWQ2 Umlong 3.5 W
Bore Well
Ground Water/
3 GWQ3 Wahizar 1.5 N
Bore Well
Ground Water/
4 GWQ4 Thngskai 1.7 NW
Bore Well
Ground Water/
5 GWQ5 Nongsing 7.0 N
Bore Well
Ground Water/
6 GWQ6 Mynkre 9.0 N
Bore Well
Ground Water/
7 GWQ7 Sialkan 8.5 NE
Bore Well
Ground Water/
8 GWQ8 Tongseng 4.0 S
Bore Well
Ground Water/
9 GWQ9 Lumtongseng 5.5 S
Bore Well
10 SWQ10 Sonapur 7.5 S Surface water

Fig-3.7 Map showing Water Quality Monitoring Locations

Table-3.17 Summary of Water Quality Analysis Results
S.
Parameter Unit GWQ1 GWQ2 GWQ3 GWQ4 GWQ5
No.
1 Colour Hazen uts <5 <5 <5 <5 <5

Unobjection Unobjectio Unobjectio Unobjectio Unobjectio
2 Odour -
able nable nable nable nable
3 Taste - Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable
4 Turbidity NTU 6 6 6 9 4
5 pH 7.6 7.5 7.8 7.3 6.95
Total Hardness as
6 mg/l 150 140 160 80 18
CaCO3
7 Iron as Fe mg/l 0.20 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.20
8 Chlorides as Cl mg/l 11 14 14 9 7
9 Residual Free Chlorine mg/l Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil
10 Dissolved Solids mg/l 200 210 250 130 34
11 Calcium as Ca mg/l 48 46 52 24 5.2
12 Magnesium as Mg mg/l 7.30 6.1 7.3 4.9 1.2
13 Copper (Cu) mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
14 Manganese as Mn mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
15 Sulphates as SO4 mg/l 48 29 34 53 2
16 Nitrates NO3 mg/l 3 1 1 1 <1
17 Fluoride as F mg/l 0.50 0.60 0.60 0.45 0.25
18 Phenolic Compounds mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
19 Mercury as (Hg) mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
20 Cadmium (Cd) mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
21 Selenium as Se mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
22 Arsenic as As mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
23 Cyanide as CN mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
24 Lead (Pb) mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
25 Zinc (Zn) mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
26 Chromium (Cr) mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL

27 Mineral Oil mg/l Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil
28 Alkalinity as CaCO3 mg/l 95 110 135 30 12
29 Aluminium as Al mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
30 Boron as B mg/l 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.02
31 Total Coliform MPN/100ml Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil
GWQ1 Lumshnong
GWQ2 Umlong
GWQ3 Wahizar
GWQ4 Thngskai
GWQ5 Nongsning

Table-3.18 Summary of Water Quality Analysis Results
S.
Parameter Unit GWQ6 GWQ7 GWQ8 GWQ9 SWQ10
No.
1 Colour Hazen uts <5 <5 <5 <5 <5

Unobjectio Unobjectio Unobjecti Unobjectio Unobjectio
2 Odour
nable nable onable nable nable
3 Taste Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable
4 Turbidity NTU 7 8 38 3 26
5 pH 7.4 7.6 6.8 7.1 7.4
Total Hardness as
6 mg/l 110 160 36 20 105
CaCO3
7 Iron as Fe mg/l 0.25 0.30 0.80 0.20 0.50
8 Chlorides as Cl mg/l 11 18 7 7 11
9 Residual Free Chlorine mg/l Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil
10 Dissolved Solids mg/l 160 230 60 38 160
11 Calcium as Ca mg/l 34 52 10.8 5.6 32
12 Magnesium as Mg mg/l 6.1 7.3 2.2 1.5 6.1
13 Copper (Cu) mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
14 Manganese as Mn mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
15 Sulphates as SO4 mg/l 10 48 8 2 3
16 Nitrates NO3 mg/l 1 2 1 <1 <1
17 Fluoride as F mg/l 0.50 0.50 0.30 0.25 0.4
18 Phenolic Compounds mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
19 Mercury as (Hg) mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
20 Cadmium (Cd) mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
21 Selenium as Se mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
22 Arsenic as As mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
23 Cyanide as CN mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
24 Lead (Pb) mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
25 Zinc (Zn) mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
26 Chromium (Cr) mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL

27 Mineral Oil mg/l Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil
28 Alkalinity as CaCO3 mg/l 95 95 26 14 100
29 Aluminium as Al mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
30 Boron as B mg/l 0.04 0.05 0.03 0.02 0.04
31 Total Coliform MPN/100ml Nil Nil Nil Nil 6
GWQ6 Mynkre
GWQ7 Sialkan
GWQ8 Tongseng
GWQ9 Lumtongseng
SWQ10 Sonapur

3.6.1 Observations of Water Quality Data
Water samples were tested for physic-chemical parameters. The test results reveal that the
water samples in the entire study area are soft waters. However it is advisable not to consume
this water without any boiling or disinfection. The water of surface water sample collected from
Sonapur River is found to be software.
3.7 Soil Quality
Soil sampling was carried out at six locations. The samples were tested for physico-chemical
parameters. The soil samples were collected from the agricultural lands from the buffer zone
areas. The soil sampling locations are shown in Fig 3.8. The particulars of soil sampling
locations were presented in the table below.
Table-3.19 Location of Soil Sampling Stations
Location Distance (kms) Direction

S.No. Location Name
Code w.r.t. Plant w.r.t. Plant
1 S1 Lumshnong 0 -
2 S2 Umlong 3.5 W
3 S3 Tongseng 4.0 S
4 S4 Sonapur 7.5 S
5 S5 Wahizar 1.5 N
6 S6 Sialkan 8.5 NE

Fig-3.8 Map showing Soil Sampling Locations

Table-3.20 Soil Quality Analysis Results
Soil Sampling Station

S.No Parameter Unit
S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6
pH (1:2 Soil
1 - 5.6 5.9 5.0 6.40 6.6 5.8
Water Extract)
Electrical
2 μS/cm 180 46 58 52 160 150
Conductivity
210
3 Nitrate as N mg/kg 60 20 300 90 340
Phosphorous
4 mg/kg 18 Traces 46 18 56 24
as P2O5
5 Potash as K2O mg/kg 130 80 510 190 420 220
Sodium as
6 mg/kg 85 30 370 180 550 180
Na2O
7 Calcium as Ca mg/kg 800 320 2480 1120 2640 1440
Magnesium as
8 mg/kg 145 100 880 290 1460 240
Mg
9 Chloride as Cl mg/kg 43 14 14 14 36 36
Organic
10 % 0.15 0.05 0.62 0.21 0.70 0.42
carbon
Sandy Sandy
Sandy Sandy Sandy Sandy
11 Texture - clay clay
Loam Loam Loam loam
loam loam
Sand % 75 87 49 74 51 67
Silt % 11 6 24 12 23 15
Clay % 14 7 24 14 26 18
3.7.1 Observations of Soil Quality Data
Soil samples were tested for physic-chemical parameters. The test results reveal that all the
samples are slightly acidic with high fertile value. The soils are found to be free from Toxic
substances and heavy metals.
3.7.2 Infiltration Rate in Soil Profile in the project area
Elapsed Volume of Infiltration Cumulative Infiltration Cumulative

time (min) water amount infiltration rate infiltration
intake (cc) (cm) amount (cm/hr) rate (cm/hr)
(ml) (cm)
5 1500 2.12 2.12 25.50 25.50
10 1320 1.87 3.99 22.40 47.90
20 2000 2.83 6.82 16.97 64.87
30 1250 1.77 8.59 10.61 75.48

45 1625 2.30 10.89 9.19 84.67
60 1875 2.65 13.54 10.60 95.27
90 2000 2.83 16.37 5.66 100.93
120 2250 3.18 19.55 6.36 107.29
180 1550 2.19 21.74 4.38 111.67
210 850 1.20 22.94 1.20 112.87
240 650 0.92 23.86 0.92 113.79
3.8 Biological Environment
Study of Biological Environment is one of the most important aspects for Environmental
Impact Assessment Studies in view of the need for conservation of environmental quality and
biodiversity. Ecological systems show complex inter-relationships between biotic and abiotic
components including dependence, competition and mutualism. Biotic components comprise
both plant and animal communities, which interact not only within and between themselves but
also with the abiotic components viz. physical & chemical components of the environment.
Study for flora and fauna has been carried out in the study area.
3.8.1 Flora and Fauna
Flora
In order to study the floral diversity of the area within 10 km radius from plant site, following six
sectors were selected for sampling:
Lumshnong - Tongseng;
Tongseng – Sonapur;
Lumshnong - Umbadoh;
Lumshnong – Umlong; and
Lumshnong – Umlunar.
The belt transects of 100 x 10 m were laid for sampling the tree species. The number of such
transects varied between 4 and 30 depending upon the area available at a particular sampling
area/site.
Fauna

Both direct and indirect observation methods were used to survey the fauna in the study area.
Visual encounter (search) method was employed to record vertebrate species. Additionally
survey of relevant literature was also carried out to consolidate the list of vertebrate fauna
distributed in the area.
Since birds may be considered as indicators for monitoring and understanding human impacts
on ecological systems (Lawton 1996), an attempt was made to gather quantitative data by:
Point Survey Method:

Observations were made in each site for 15 minutes duration.
Road Side Counts:

The observer traveled by motor vehicles from site to site and all sightings were recorded (this
was done both in the day and night time).
Pellet and Track Counts:

All possible animal tracks and pellets were identified and recorded (South Wood, 1978).
Based on the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972 (WPA 1972), Anonymous. 1991, Upadhyay 1995,
Chaturvedi and Chaturvedi, 1996) species were short-listed and arranged as per Schedule
defined in Wildlife Act, 1972 and subsequent amendments. Species listed in Ghosh (1994)
are considered as Indian Red List species.
Flora
The vegetation of the project area can be broadly classified as tropical evergreen forest with
elements from tropical moist deciduous and subtropical forest vegetation. The project area
(Cement plant site) has less than 10% canopy cover. The forests within 10 km radius have
three distinct strata, viz., (i) Upper canopy layer with dominance of emergent trees, (ii) Sub-
canopy layer with dominance of small trees and pole size trees, and (iii) Under canopy layer
with dominance of shrubs, herbs and juvenile trees.
The vegetation present within a defined area is termed as a plant community. This is
determined by the nature of the dominant species it contains. By the term dominant species
or dominance, it is understood that species of plants having same life and growth, forms
predominating in an area. Systematic order of angiosperm families recorded in the study area
is given in Table 3.20 to Table 3.22.


Table 3.21 Tree Species Available in the Study Area.

S.No. Species Family
1. Actinodaphne obovata Lauraceae
2. Ailanthes grandis Simarubaceae
3. Albizzia lucida Mimosaceae
4. Albizzia sp. Mimosaceae
5. Alstonia scholaris Apocynaceae
6. Anthocephalus chinense Rubiaceae
7. Aralia armata Araliaceae
8. Ardisia nerifolia Myrsinaceae
9. Artocarpus heterophyllus Moraeceae
10. Bambusa tulda Gramineae
11. Bauhinia purpurea Caesalpinaceae
12. Bischofia javanica Bischofiaceae
13. Bombax ceiba Bombacaceae
14. Bridelia sp. Euphorbiaceae
15. Callicarpa arborea Verbenaceae
16. Caryota urens Palmae
17. Castanopsis indica Fagaceae
18. Castanopsis tribuloides Fagaceae
19. Cinnamomum bezolghota Lauraceae
20. Cinnamomum obtusifolium Lauraceae
21. Citrus sp. Rutaceae
22. Cyathea sp. Leguminosae
23. Dendrocalamus hamiltonii Gramineae
24. Duabanga grandiflora Sonneratiaceae
25. Elaeocarpus aristatus Eleocarpaceae
26. Elaeocarpus sp. Eleocarpaceae
27. Englegardtia spicata Juglanaceae
28. Exbucklandia populnea Hammamelidaceae
29. Ficus elmeri Moraceae
30. Ficus sp. Moraceae
31. Garcinia acuminate Clusiaceae
32. Gmelina arborea Verbenaceae
33. Grewia disperma Tiliaceae
34. Grewia sp. Tiliaceae
35. Hevea brasiliensis Hernandiaceae
36. Hibiscus macrophyllus Malvaceae
37. Hydnocarpus kurzii Flacourtiaceae
38. Litsaea sebifera Lauraceae
39. Litsea citrita Lauraceae
40. Litsea laeta Lauraceae
41. Litsea salicifolia Lauraceae
42. Litsea sp. Lauraceae
43. Macaranga denticulate Euphorbiaceae
44. Macropanax disperma Analiaceae
45. Magnolia hodgsonii Magnoliaceae
46. Mallotus tetracoccus Euphorbiaceae
47. Meliosma sp. Meliaceae
48. Oroxylum indicum Bigoniaceae

S.No. Species Family

49. Pandanus sp. Pandanaceae
50. Persea sp. Lauraceae
51. Pithecellobium sp. Leguminosae
52. Premna milleflora Verbenaceae
53. Prunus acuminate Rosaceae
54. Pterospermum acerifolium Sterculiaceae
55. Pterospermum lancifolium Sterculiaceae
56. Quercus lancifolia Fagaceae
57. Quercus spicata Fagaceae
58. Sapium baccatum Euphorbiaceae
59. Sarcosperma griffithii Sapotaceae
60. Saurauia roxburghii Ternstroemiaceae
61. Saurauia sp. Ternstroemiaceae
62. Schima wallichii Theaceae
63. Shima sp. Theaceae
64. Spondias pinnata Anacardiaceae
65. Streospermum chelenoides Bigoniaceae
66. Syzygium sp. Myrtaceae
67. Terminalia bellerica Conbretaceae
68. Terminalia myriocarpa Combretaceae
69. Terminalia chebula Combretaceae
70. Tetrameles nudiflora Combretaceae
71. Trema orientalis Ulmaceae
72. Villebrunea frutescens Urticaceae
73. Vitex pedunculata Verbenaceae
74. Vitex sp. Verbenaceae
75. Wendlandia paniculata Rubiaceae
76. Xerospermum sp. Sapindaceae
Table 3.22
Shrub/Herbs Species Available in the Study Area.
S.No Species S.No Species
1 Ageratum conyzoides 37 Ferns sp.
2 Alpinia sp. 38 Forrestia sp.
3 Amaranthus sp. 39 Globba sp.
4 Ardisia nerifolia 40 Hedychium sp.
5 Aroides sp. 41 Jasminum sp.
6 Arundina graminifolia 42 Laportea crenulata
7 Baliospermum montana 43 Leea indica
8 Begonia sp. 44 Leea sp.
9 Bidens biternata 45 Licuala peltata
10 Bidens pilosa 46 Luduwigia octovalis
11 Blachnum sp. 47 Lycopodium sp.
12 Boehmeria glomerulifera 48 Maesa indica
13 Boehmeria sp. 49 Maesa sp.
14 Calamus flagellum 50 Melastoma malabathricum
15 Calamus leptospadix 51 Mannihot esculenta
16 Carax cruciata 52 Mimosa himalayana
17 Chenopodium sp. 53 Morinda angustifolia
18 Clerodendron colebrookianum 54 Musa sp.

19 Clerodendron viscosum 55 Osbeckia sp.

20 Clerodendrum sp. 56 Osbekia crenata
21 Coffea sp. 57 Oxalis corniculata
22 Coleus sp. 58 Oxyspora sp.
23 Commelina sp. 59 Phrynium capitata
24 Crassocephalum crepidioides 60 Phrynium pubenervae
25 Cyathula prostrate 61 Pinanga gracilis
26 Dracena sp. 62 Polygonum chinense
27 Elatostema sp. 63 Pteris sp.
28 Erigeron Canadensis 64 Randia sp.
29 Eupatorium odoratum 65 Rhynchotecum ellipticum
30 Fagopteris auriculata 66 Rungia sp.
31 Saccharum spontaneum 67 Spilanthus paniculata
32 Salamona sp. 68 Tabernaemontana divericata
33 Saurauia sp. 69 Thysanolaena maxima
34 Scoperia dulcis 70 Trevesia palmata
35 Selaginella sp. 71 Triumfetta pilosa
36 Solanum torvum 72 Urena lobata
Table 3.23
Climbers/Epiphytes Species Available in the Study Area.
S.No. Species S.No. Species
1 Acacia oxyphylla 17 Luisea sp.
2 Acacia pinnata 18 Lygodium flexuosum
3 Acacia prunascens 19 Lygodium fluxuosa
4 Acampe sp. 20 Melocalamus compectiflorus
5 Aeschynanthus sp. 21 Microsorum sp.
6 Agapetes sp. 22 Mikenia macrantha
7 Asplenium nidus 23 Neohouzia helferii
8 Byttneria aspera 24 Nepenthes khasiana
9 Calamus leptospadix 25 Paederia scandens
10 Dendrobium sp. 26 Porana paniculata
11 Derris sp. 27 Pothos sp.
12 Dioscorea sp. 28 Raphidophora decursiva
13 Ficus sp. 29 Raphidophora lancifolia
14 Gnetum scandens 30 Scefflera venulosa
15 Hedyotis scandens 31 Smilex sp.
16 Hoya sp. 32 Thunbergia grandiflora
Based on the above tables, flora of the study area may be summarized as given in Table 3.23.
Table 3.24
Distribution of Dominant Species Available in the Study Area
S.No. Particulars Species
1 Agricultural Crops Brassica nigra, Capsicum frutescens, Cucumis sativus,
Oryza sativa, Phaseolus vulgaris, Raphanus sativus,
Zea mays

2 Commercial Crops Citrus aurantium, Haevea brasilensis,Thysanolaena

maxima
3 Plantation Litsea citrata, Populus glambelei, Terminalia myriocarpa
4 Grasslands Mimosa himalayana, Osbekia sp., Oxyspora sp.,
Saccharum spontaneum,Salamona sp., Sellaginella sp.,
Solanum torvum
5 Endangered Arundina graminifolia, Cyathea spinulosa, Dendrobium
Species sp., Gnetum scandens, Nepenthes khasiana
6 Endemic Species Nepenthes khasiana
Fauna
The details of fauna found in the study area are given in Tables 3.24 to 3.25.
Table 3.25
Vertebrates Available in the Study Area
S.No. Zoological Name Common Name Schedule status
Birds
1 Acridotheres tristis tristis Indian Myna US
2 Bambusicola fytchii hokinsoni Assam Bamboo Patridge Schedule I Part III
3 Bubo flavipes Tawny Fish Owl US
4 Milvus migrans lineatus Large Indian Kite US
5 Motacilla indica Forest Wagtail US
6 Scolopax rusticola rusticola Wood Cock US
7 Alcedinidae Kingfisher Schedule IV
Reptiles
8 Calotes versicolor Garden Lizard US
9 Collophis macclellandi Coral Snake US
10 Chrysopelea ornata US
11 Natrix pscicolor Water Snake US
12 Varanus bengalensis Indian Monitor Schedule II Part II
13 Chameleon sp. Cameleon Schedule II Part I
Amphibians
14 Amolops afghanus US
15 Bufoides meghalayana US
16 Microphyla ornata US


17 Rana danieli Frog US
18 Rana livida Frog US
19 Rhacophorus maximus US
Fishes
19 Brachydanio rerio Shalynnai US
20 Danio aequipinnatus Shalynnai US
21 Danio dangila Shalynnai US
22 Labeo dera Kha bah US
23 Labeo rohita Kha bah US
24 Puntius shalynius Shalynnai US
Mammals
25 Arctonyx collaris Hog Badger Schedule I Part I
26 Cannomys badius badius Bamboo Rat Schedule V
27 Collosciurus erythraeus erythraeus Squirrel US
28 Crocidura attenuata rubricosa Grey Shrew Schedule V
29 Felis bengalensis bengalensis Leopard Cat Schedule I Part I
30 Herpestes edwardsi Indian Grey Mangoose Schedule IV
31 Lutra lutra monticola Otter Schedule II Part III
32 Mus booduga Field Rat Schedule V
33 Mus musculus House Mouse Schedule V
34 Niviventer fulvescens fulvescens White bellied Rat Schedule V
35 Presbytis pileatus Monkey Schedule V
36 Rattus nitidus nitidus Himalayan Rat Schedule V
37 Rattus rattus House Rat Schedule V
38 Rattus rattus brunneusculus Black Rat Schedule V
39 Rhinolopus affinis himalayanus Intermediate Horse Shoe Bat US
40 Rhinolopus pearsoni Pearson’s Horse Shoe Bat US
41 Scotomanes ornatus ornatus Harlequin Horse Shoe Bat US
42 Suncus murinus griffithi House Shrew US
US- Un-scheduled animals

Table 3.26 Invertebrates Available in the Study Area

Acari
1 Malaconothrus sp. US
2 Scheloribates parvus US
3 Paralamellobates bengalensis US
Annelida: Oligochaeta
4 Drawidia sp. Earthworm US
Arthropoda: Crustacea
5 Macrobrachium assamensis Shrimp US
Arthropoda: Lepidoptera
6 Arneta atkinsoni US
7 Eurema brigitta rubella US
8 Halpe kumara US
9 Matapa druna US
Arthropoda: Insecta
10 Plecoptera- Immature US
11 Trichptera- Immature US
12 Odonata- Immature US
12 Chironomidae larvae US
Mollusca: Gastropoda
13 Bellamya bendalensis Snail US
Zooplankton: Rotifera
14 Brachonus quadridentatus US
15 Brachonus calciflorus US
16 Filinia longiseita US
17 Lecane sp. US
Zooplankton: Cladocera
18 Sida crystalline US
19 Daphnia carinata US
Zooplankton: Copepoda
20 Arctodiaptomus keifari US
21 Heliodiaptomus sp. US
22 Mescocyclops leuckrti US
US- Un-scheduled animals

3.9 Socio Economic Environment
Socio-economic environment includes description of demography, and available basic data.

The study area lies in Khliehriat community development block of district Jaintia Hills of
Meghalaya. The district of Jaintia Hills lies in the eastern part of the Meghalaya and bounded
on the north and east by the state of Assam, on the west by East Khasi Hills and shares a
common international boundary with Bangladesh in south. The district has four community
Development Blocks viz. Thadlaskein, Laskein, Amlarem and Khliehriat. For administrative
purposes, district is divided into two sub-divisions viz. Amlarem and Khliehriat.
The 10 km radius study area around the plant comprises of 18 villages as per Census 1991as
shown in Figure 3.10 while as per Census 2001, total number of villages in the study area are
19 as a result of bifurcation of village Musniang Lamare as new and old.
The socio-economic profile of the study area is presented based on site visits, discussions
with the villagers and the secondary data available form various agencies. Since District
Census Hand Books for Census 2001 have not yet been published, the village wise data for
study area have been extracted from 1991 Census records and available data from
Directorate of Census Operations, Meghalaya, 2001. The demography details and
occupational pattern based on Census 2001 and Census 1991 are given hereunder.
Population
All the villages in the study area are grouped into eight population size classes as per given in
Table 3.27 (for details refer Annexure)
Table 3.27 Classification of the Villages Based on Population Size
S.No. Village Group Population Number of villages

Range Census 1991 Census 2001
1 Diminutive villages Below 50 3 2
2 Diminutive villages 50 – 99 4 3
3 Diminutive villages 100 –199 3 3
4 Small villages 200 –499 6 9
5 Medium villages 500 –1999 2 2
6 Large villages 2000 –4999 Nil Nil
7 Very large villages 5000 –9000 Nil Nil
8 Special villages 10,000 + Nil Nil
Total 18 19

Most of the villages in the study area have the population less than 500 and only two villages
in the study area have population more than 1000. No village has been found having
population more than 2000. Demographic details of the study area are summarized in Table
3.28.
Table 3.28
Demographic Details of the Study Area
Decadal
S.No. Particulars Census 2001
Growth
1 Total Population 6148 52.7%
2 Population density (persons per sq.km) 19.58 52.8%
3 Sex Ratio (nos. of female/ thousand males) 947 6.1%
4 Household 1160 47.4%
5 Schedule Castes 3.76% 32.9%
6 Schedule Tribes 89.13% (-)6.2%
7 Literacy rate
Male 38.74% 32.0%
Female 35.27% 28.3%
Overall 37.05% 30.1%
From table, it can be concluded that, study area is mainly dominated by schedule tribes and
very minor ratio of schedule castes.
Decadal growth in the population of the study area is 52.7%; and
Decadal growth in the sex ratio of the study area is 6.1%.
Literacy Rate
Significant decadal growth in the literacy rate of the study area has been observed. As per
census 2001, overall literacy rate of the study area is 37.08% while literacy rate among male
and female are 38.74% and 35.27% respectively.
Occupational Structure
The distribution of workers in the study area is summarized in Table 3.29.
Table 3.29 Occupational Pattern of the Study Area

S.No. Particulars Census 1991 Census 2001
1 Main workers 50.05% 42.8%
2 Cultivators 66.05% 68.21%
3 Agricultural labourers 19.9% 13.29%
4 Marginal workers 0.05% 5.2%
5 Non- workers 49.9% 52.0%

From the above table, it is evident that percentage wise there is decline in the availability of
main workers in the study area while marginal workers show a significant decadal growth. This
may be due to less job opportunities made available to the main workers. Main workers of the
study area are mainly contributed cultivators and agricultural labourers.
Infrastructural Facilities
The study area is well equipped with educational and medical facilities, drinking water supply,
post offices, approach roads etc. Details of the available infrastructural facilities, based on
Census 1991 are discussed below:
Education
Almost all the villages (78%) had education facilities up to primary level and based on the
survey made in the study area, it was found that the educational facilities have been further
strengthened in the study area.
Medical and Public Health
Only three villages were having medical facilities otherwise, it was available within 10 km.
Based on the survey made in the study area, medical facilities have been further strengthened
now and number of private doctors are also practicising in the study area.
Drinking Water
Drinking water was available in all the villages. The main source of drinking water was through
springs perennial streams and hand pumps . Some villages have tapped water facility. Based
on the survey made in the study area, facilities have been further improved now.
Post Offices
The study area had good postal network. All villages were having post offices either at door or
within 10 km. Based on the survey made in the study area, maximum distance of availability of
facility has been reduced to less than 5 km.
Communications
Apart from P/T services, transport is the main communication linkage in the study area. About
45% villages in the study area had access to bus service and private taxi services. Otherwise
facilities were available within 10 km. At present, transport facilities in the study area have
been improved significantly.

Road Network
Transport and Communication facilities are considered as administrative necessity as well as

a public convenience. However, a well-knit transportation system is a pre-requisite for the
social and economic development of any district. The linking of one place with the other by
road is very essential to provide good transport system. The study area had good road
network. About 55% of the villages had pucca approach road. Based on the survey made in
the study area, facilities have further improved now.
Power and Electricity
Almost all the villages (67%) in the study area had access to power supply. Based on the
survey made in the study area, facilities have further improved now.
Historical /Tourist /Archeological Places
There are no historical / archeologically important sites present within 10 km radius around the
project site.
3.10 Land Use Pattern
Land use of the study area i.e. 10 km radius around the project site covering 314.28 sq. km
was classified into five major categories: (i) Settlement, (ii) Agriculture, (iii) Forests, (iv) Grass
and Scrub and (v) Barren land. The land use pattern has been worked out with the help of IRS
IB Geocoded F.C.C. (False Colour Composite) Satellite Imageries of RF 1:50,000 scales. The
imageries were overlaid on the topographical sheets of Survey of India of the same scale.
Final land use map was prepared after ground verification. Different categories of land use
were calculated with the help of an electronic map measure (Curvy meter). The area under
different land use classes in the study area is presented in Table 3.30 and land use map
(Figure 3.9).
Table 3.30 Land Use Pattern of the Study Area

S.No Land use Area (sq km) Percentage of total area
(approximate)
1 Settlement 4.71 1.5
2 Agriculture 58.14 18.5
3 Forest 216.85 69
4 Grass and Scrub 18.85 6.0
5 Barren land 15.71 5.0
Total 314.28 100.0

3.10.1 Cropping Pattern
The main crop of the area is Paddy. The minor crops of the area are Maize, Rabi &
other pulses, Other cereals & small millet, Sesamum, Rape & Mustard, Soya bean etc.
Land Use Pattern of the Study Area
The forest cover is 216.85 sq. km, which accounts for 69% of the geographical area.
Agriculture is the next important land use in the area. Most of the agricultural lands account for
orchard, paddy fields etc. The tone and texture of imageries clearly identified the grass and
scrubs, which account for about 6% of the total geographical area. Barren land which occupies
about 5% of the area includes broken land, rocky knobs, boulders and sandy river bed.

CHAPTER 4
IMPACT ASSESSMENT
This chapter presents identification and appraisal of various impacts from the proposed
power plant in the study area.
4.1 Prediction of Impacts
Prediction of Impacts is the most important component in the Environmental Impact

Assessment studies. Several scientific techniques and methodologies are available to predict
impacts of developmental activities on physical, ecological and socio-economic
environments. Such predictions are superimposed over the baseline (pre-project) status of
environmental quality to derive the ultimate (Post-project) scenario of environmental
conditions.
The prediction of impacts helps in minimizing the adverse impacts on environmental quality
during pre and post project execution. In case of water, land and socio-economic
environments, the predictions have been made based on available scientific knowledge and
judgments.
In this chapter, an attempt has been made to predict the incremental rise of various ground
level concentrations above the baseline status due to the emissions from this proposed
expansion project.
4.2 Assessment / Evaluation of Impacts
The identification and general assessment of impacts of the proposed project has been
carried out in the earlier section. The impact of activities related to proposed project on each
environmental attribute was assessed. The environmental impact evaluation presented in this
section describes the cumulative impact of all project activities on each environmental
attribute in the local environmental setting. The impact on various environmental attributes is
expressed in appropriate units so as to arrive at an aggregate score of the “Environmental
Impact” of the project. This exercise results in a whole number, which could be used in
decision making without any ambiguity.

Table - 4.1
Environmental Impact Matrix
Environmental Severity of
S.No Project Activity Impact
Component Impact
Site Designated area is available for the
Negligible
clearance proposed project
Topographic look will change slightly
1 Topography Construction
but represents the areas land use Negligible
activities
pattern
Operation Topography look will change. The
Negligible
activities available free land is utilized.
Site Excavation and levelling activities will
Minimal
clearance generate fugitive cause air pollution
Construction Excavation and levelling activities will
2 Air Quality Minimal
activities generate fugitive air pollution
Transportation Vehicular and fugitive emissions &
Minimal
welding
Construction Noise will be generated from loading
Minimal
activities and unloading materials
Operation Continuous noise due to operations but
3 Noise Minimal
activities confined to within the site
Transportation Increase in noise levels due to vehicular
Minimal
traffic
Construction Surface water will be used and tankers
Minimal
Water activities are also utilized
4
Resources Operation Surface water and tankers are also
Minimal
activities utilized for cooling
Construction Water tankers utilization apart from
Minimal
activities ground water
5 Water Pollution
Operation Effluent generated from the process is
Minimal
activities treated and reused
Site There will not be major disturbance to
Minimal
clearance flora and fauna
6 Ecology Construction There will not be major disturbance to

Minimal
activities flora and fauna
Operation There will not be major disturbance to
Minimal
activities flora fauna
Construction Excavation and levelling activities will
Minimal
Soil activities generate fugitive emission.
7
Characteristics Operation
No changes are envisaged in this phase Minimal
activities

S.No Environmental Project Activity Impact Severity of

Component Impact
Construction The project will be coming up at a
Minimal
activities barren land
8 Land Use
Operation The project will be coming up at a
Minimal
activities barren land
Construction
Creation of additional jobs/ businesses Significant
Socio- activities
9
economics Operation Rise in per capita income in the close
Significant
activities vicinity due to opportunity
Construction Built up of temporary structures for Moderate
activities workers and non-workers
10 Civic Amenities
Operation Availability of permanent structures for Moderate
activities workers, non-workers
Construction Dusty conditions during summer with
Minimal
activities vehicular movement
Occupational
11 Operation Process specific activities, heat and
Health
activities emission protective control measures Minimal
followed
Construction Heavy equipment usage is temporary
Minimal
activities with proper mitigative measures
12 Vibrations
Operation Continuous usage of machinery with
Minimal
activities proper mitigative measures
Construction General construction waste will be
Minimal
activities disposed off in designated sites
Solid/Hazardous
13 Operation Disposal of ash in a safer manner by
waste
activities disposal of the waste to local vendors of Minimal
brick manufacturing or cement industry
4.2.1 Environmental Setting
Considering the issues involved in proposed modernization cum expansion of cement plant,
the activities can be divided into two phases viz Construction Phase and Operation Phase
4.3 Impacts during Construction Phase
Construction phase activity involves erection of equipment and units, infrastructure

development like roads, water, electricity and drainage etc. The nature of impacts during
Construction Phase is listed in the Table No.4.2.

Table - 4.2
Nature of Impacts during Construction Phase
Activity Impact
Affects the present land use pattern. Any
Acquisition of land for industrial
presence of sensitive areas, archaeological sites,
development
and human settlements may create conflicts.
Topographical changes such as Affects air quality due to increase in SPM levels,
levelling of undulating ground to impact on flora and fauna, impact on soil and
facilitate construction noise quality.
Construction of roads and civil

engineering structures, Affects air quality due to increase in SPM, SOx
movement of heavy earth and NOx levels, impact on noise quality.
movers and vehicles.
Impact on infrastructure like housing, creates

Migration of Labour
health hazards due to poor sanitation problems.
4.4 Impacts during Operation Phase
During the Operation Phase the establishment of the plant results in emissions and
generation of solid waste. The impacts during Operational Phase are listed in the Table
No.4.3.
Table - 4.3
Nature of Impacts during Operation Phase
Aspects Impact
Affects air quality, ecology due to increase in SPM and NOx

Air emissions
levels depending upon the type of process
Affects community noise environment of the region due to

Noise emissions
increase in day-night equivalent noise levels
Solid Waste Affects the ground water quality
Considering the magnitude of impact, the impacts are termed as High / Low impacts; based
on duration of impacts these are termed as Long-term / Short-term impacts. The project
activities during the Construction phase are short-term in nature except for the acquisition of
land and land use profile.

4.4.1 Air Pollution
Major sources of air pollution are emission from mills, bag houses, kiln, crushers and stock
piles. Fugitive Dust Emissions are also inevitable from Raw Material Handling System and
the packaging and transportation sections. The types of pollutants discharged and their
concentrations are presented in the subsequent sections in this chapter.
4.4.2 Simulation Model for Prediction (Industrial Source Complex Short-Term

Dispersion Model)
The pollutants released into the atmosphere will disperse in the down wind direction and
finally reach the ground at farther distance from the source. The concentration of ground
level concentrations mainly depends upon the strength of the emission source and
micrometeorology of the study area.
In order to estimate the ground level concentrations due to the emission from the proposed
project, EPA approved Industrial Source Complex Short Term (ISCST) Dispersion Model
has been employed. ISCST Dispersion Model provides option to model emissions from a
wide range of sources that are present at a typical industrial source complex. The model
considered the sources and receptors in undulated terrain as well as plain terrain and
combination of both. The basis of the model is the straight line steady state Gaussian Plume
Equation, with modifications to model simple point source emissions from stacks, emissions
from stack that experience the effect of aerodynamic down wash due to near by buildings,
isolated vents, multiple vents, storage piles etc.
Meteorological Data
The meteorological data recorded at the proposed plant site during the study period has
been processed to extract the data required for simulation.
Application
Industrial source complex short-term dispersion model with the following options has been
employed to predict the cumulative ground level concentrations due to the proposed
emissions.
• All terrain dispersion parameters are considered.

• Predictions have been carried out to estimate concentration values over radial
distance of 10 km around the sources.

• Uniform Polar receptor network has been considered.

• Emission rates from the sources were considered as constant during the entire
period.
• The ground level concentrations computed were as is basis without any
consideration of decay coefficient.
• Calm winds recorded during the study period are also considered.
• 24-hour mean meteorological data extracted from the meteorological data
collected during the study period as per guidelines of IMD and MOE&F has been
employed to compute the mean ground level concentrations to study the impact
on study area.
• An option for creation of data file giving average ground level concentrations for
the mean meteorological data of summer season has been used for post
processing in SURFER – 8 graphics package.
Inputs Used For Model: The inputs used to run the model are stack details, Emission
details, and 24 Hours mean meteorological data. The stack & emission details are shown
below:

Table - 4.4
Stack & Emission Details
S. Plant section & Unit Stack Stack Exhaust Exit Gas Volumetric APCE Design Emission
No Height Dia. Gas Velocity flow rate Installed capacity of Rate of SPM
from (m) Temper (m/s) (m3/hr) Dust Outlet (Kg/hr)
ground ature Concentration
0
level (m) ( C) (mg/Nm3)
1 Primary crusher section 21.0 1.2 45 7.36 30,000 Bag Filter 50 1.41
2 Secondary Crusher Section 17.0 1.0 45 8.84 25,000 Bag Filter 50 1.17
3 LS Bunker 13.6 0.44 45 36.5 20000 Bag Filter 50 0.94
4 RABH 45.4 3.0 130 13.5 350000 Bag Filter 50 12.94
5 Cooler Section 30.4 2.8 150 9.0 220000 ESP 50 7.75
6 Clinker stock pile 12.0 1.1 70 10.0 35000 Bag Filter 50 1.52
7 Cement Mill 30.0 1.2 70 9.82 40,000 Bag Filter 50 1.74
8 Coal Mill 37.0 1.2 80 13.5 55000 Bag Filter 50 2.32
9 Packing plant 28.0 1.1 45 10.0 35,000 Bag Filter 50 1.64

Output from the Model
The predicted maximum ground level concentration of 24 Hour average SPM, SO2 and NOx
concentrations are 14.0µg/m3, 0.9 µg/m3 and 1.3 µg/m3 respectively occurring in predominant
downwind direction SW.
4.4.3 Post Project Scenario
Predicted maximum ground level concentrations considering 24 hour mean meteorological

data of winter season are superimposed on the maximum baseline concentrations obtained
during the study period to estimate the post project scenario, which would prevail at the post
operational phase. The overall scenario with predicted concentrations over the maximum
baseline concentrations is shown in the following table and isopleths are shown in the
Figure 4.1.to 4.3.
Table-4.5 Post Project Scenario

SPM SO2 NOX
24- Hourly Concentrations
(µg/m3) (µg/m3) (µg/m3)
Predicted Ground Level Concentration (Max) 14.0 0.93 1.37
Baseline Scenario (Max) 119 9.2 13.3
Overall Scenario (Worst Case) 133 10.1 14.6

CPCB limits for Industrial areas 500 120 120
CPCB limits for rural & residential areas 200 80 80
The predicted ground level concentrations obtained when superimposed on the baseline
concentrations are well within the prescribed NAAQ Standards.

Fig 4.1: Predicted 24- Hourly Average GLCs of SPM (ug/m3)
10000
Mynkre
25 15 25 15'
8000 Umrasong
Nongsning
6000
Umrasiang Musiang
4000 Shiehruphi
Umrasong
Sialkan
Thangskei
Wahiajer
2000
Umbadoh
ar
lun
meters
Um
Lumshnong
Umlong
0
25 15'
R
pa
Umlaper
ym
sh
-2000
Se
gN
nan
h La
Wa
Tongseng R
a
bh
Lu
-4000
Lumtongseng
-6000
Sonapur
Shymplong
-8000
aR
Lubh
-10000
-10000 -8000 -6000 -4000 -2000 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
meters
0.20
0.70
1.20
Concentration in µg/m3

Fig 4.2: Predicted 24- Hourly Average GLCs of SO2 (ug/m3)
10000
Mynkre
25 15 25 15'
8000 Umrasong
Nongsning
6000
Umrasiang Musiang
Shiehruphi
4000 Umrasong
Sialkan
Thangskei
Wahiajer
2000
Umbadoh
meters
Lumshnong
Umlong
0
25 15'
Umlaper
-2000
Tongseng
-4000
Lumtongseng
-6000
Sonapur
Shymplong
-8000
-10000
-10000 -8000 -6000 -4000 -2000 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
meters
0.10
0.40
0.70

Fig 4.3: Predicted 24-Hourly Average GLCs of NOx (ug/m3)
10000
Mynkre
25 15 25 15'
8000 Umrasong
Nongsning
6000
Umrasiang Musiang
Shiehruphi
4000 Umrasong
Sialkan
Thangskei
Wahiajer
2000 Umbadoh
ar
lun
meters
Um
Lumshnong
Umlong
0
25 15'
aR
mp
Umlaper
shy
Se
-2000 nan
gN
h La
Wa
Tongseng R
a
bh
Lu
-4000 Lumtongseng
-6000 Sonapur
Shymplong
-8000
aR
Lubh
-10000
-10000 -8000 -6000 -4000 -2000 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
meters
0.10
0.60
1.10

4.4.4 Impact of Vehicular Emissions
The major emission from the vehicular traffic is carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon. In order
to estimate the incremental rise of HC & CO from the traffic, a vehicular impact assessment
study has been carried out. The following is the estimation of trucks for transport of the
various raw materials and finished products:
Table 4.6 Estimate of Trucks for Transport
Particular Quantity
Total ore quantity to be transported, MTPA 1.45

Capacity of each truck (tonnes) 20
Road length (average) 1.0km
Road width (assumed) 10mts
Atmospheric stability considered for worst case Stable conditions
Wind speed (worst case scenario) 1 m/s
From the above table, it can be seen that the total number of truck trips per hour required for
transport of 1.45 MTPA of raw materials and finished products will be 15 trip. In order to
assess the impacts on the air environment due to emissions from the trucks, an EPA
approved CALINE4 model was run for the worst meteorological condition considering the
total length of the road within the study area. CALINE4 is a line source air quality models
developed by the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) and is approved by
EPA. It is based on the Guassian diffusion equation. The model assesses the air quality
impacts near road ways. Given source strength, meteorology and site geometry, CALINE4
can predict pollutant concentrations for receptors located within 200 meters of the roadway.
The following are the emission rates of various pollutants considered for estimation of impact
Table 4.7 Emissions through transportation
Parameters Emissions
Trip length m
Trucks per hour
1000 70 HC & CO 1.5 g/s
Maximum incremental value of HC & CO has been predicted at a distance of 100 m from the
road with maximum predicted value of 0.3 ppm. The predicted concentration reduces to less
than 0.1 ppm at a distance of 400 m from the road. The impact becomes nil beyond a
distance of 500m.

4.4.5 Impact on Surface Water Quality
The estimated water requirement for entire operations would be 900 kL/d. Water supply
shall be through central pumping station to the plant. The water distribution system includes
an underground raw water tank and a pump house. The raw water shall be treated in clarifier
and in multi grade sand filter followed by chlorination before sending to consumer points.
The water consumed will be recycled after treatment and shall be utilized in the process. The
total Water requirement has been presented below:
Table 4.8 Water Requirements
Water Requirement
Purpose Source Type
(m3 / day)
Project:
Process 280 Surface water Treated water
Cooling water 320 Surface water Treated water
DM water Nil --- ---
Dust suppression 30 Surface water Raw water
Drinking 20 Surface water Treated water
Green belt 30 Surface water Raw water
Others if any Nil -- --
Sub Total (A) 680 Fresh Water only
Township:
Domestic 200 Ground water Raw water
Green belt 20 Ground water Treated Water
Others if any Nil --- ----
Sub Total (B) 220 Fresh Water only
Grand Total (A+B) 900 Fresh Water only
4.4.6 Impact on Ground Water
It is proposed to recycle and reuse the water. Hence the treated wastewater is used for
greenbelt development. CMCL adopts the conservation of water policy; hence the water
drawl will be in accordance to the water conservation policy. Hence the impact of the project
on the ground water and the aquifers from where the water is drawn will be minimal. As the
plant treats and recycles the entire wastewater and reuses, there are no disposals of
wastewater from the plant. Hence there is no impact on ground water.
4.4.7 Impact on Noise Levels
Any industrial complex in general consists of several sources of noise in clusters or single. In
order to predict ambient noise levels at various sensitive areas noise levels were monitored.
During plant operation ambient noise levels will increase considerably only close to the

different sections of the plant. Noise levels are mainly generated from boilers, generators,
pumps and cooling towers in the plant. Various equipments like Turbine, Generator, Boilers
feed pump, Condensate, Cooling Tower and ID & FD Fans would be designed to 85 dB (A).
Noise levels monitored are presented below:
Table 4.9 Noise Levels at Different Sources
Name of Source Noise Level at 1 m distance

Mills 86-100
Pumps 85-100
Forced draft fans 85-100
Induced draft fans 77-97
Compressors 82-105
Air Compressor 95
Diesel Generator 75
Coal mill 90
It is also observed from the study that the noise levels almost at all locations outside the
plant area are within the limit.
4.4.8 Solid Waste Generation and Impact
Solid waste generation is inevitable in any production industry. Safe and scientific
arrangement for handling, storage and disposal of all solid wastes such as fly ash from air
pollution control devices has been planned. Fly ash is either sold out to the local vendors for
making bricks, or cement plants located in the area for manufacture of Pozzolana Portland
Cement.
4.4.9 Impact on Ecology
There are no reserved forests located in the close proximity to the plant. The project will not
have adverse impacts on the existing flora and fauna. As the forest is far from the proposed
project, the impact will be minimal. Hence there will not be any severe impact on biodiversity.
Since the change in ambient air quality due to emissions from the proposed plant will be
small, so the impact on flora and fauna is minimal.
4.4.10 Demography and Socio-economics
The impacts of the proposed expansion of Cement Plant on demography and socio
economic condition are as follows.

Increase in employment (direct and indirect) opportunities and Reduction in

migration to outside for employment.
The project would need 107 employees in addition to the current staff.
Increase in literacy rate.
Growth in service sectors
Increase in consumer prices of indigenous produce and services, land prices, house
rent rates and Labour rates.
Improvement in socio cultural environment of the study area.
Improvement in transport, communication, health and educational services.
Increase in employment due to increased business, trade commerce and service
sector.
The overall impact on the socio economic environment will be beneficial.
4.4.11 Impact on Human Settlements
Due to the support services requirement of the guest community in the proposed plant, the
host community will be benefited by way of generation of employment opportunities,
increased demand for the local produce and services. Hence, there will be rise in the income
level of the host community.
4.4.12 Impact on Health
Adequate air pollution, water and noise control measures will be provided in proposed plant
to conform to regulatory standards. The environmental management and emergency
preparedness plans are proposed to ensure that the probability of undesired events and
consequences are greatly reduced, and adequate mitigation is provided in case of an
emergency. The overall negative impact on Human health is negligible during operation of
plant. The positive impact will be due to availability of medical facilities in the plant to local
population.
4.5 Impact Matrix
For quantification of impacts, matrix system as modified to some extent has been used. The
impacts in both construction and operation phase are considered separately and the
individual scores for potential impacts has been estimated and presented below:

Table 4.10
Potential Impacts during Construction Phase
Nature of Likely Impacts Weightage

Potential Impacts
Local Regi- Short Long Rever Irrever Adverse Bene- Minor Moder Signi-
onal Term Term sible sible ficial ate ficant
Air Quality * * * * *
Water quality * * * * *
Water resources * * * * *
Noise and vibration * * * * *
Solid waste * * * * *
Land Use Pattern * * * * *
Forest & Vegetation * * * * *
Wild life * * * * *
Socio – economic * * * * *
Employment * * * * *
Table 4.11
Potential Impacts during Operation Phase
Potential Impacts Nature of Likely Impacts Weightage

Local Regi- Short Long Reversi- Irrevers Adverse Benef Minor Mod- signi-
onal Term Term ble ible icial erate ficant
Air Quality * * * * *
Water quality * * * * *
Water resources * * * * *
Noise and vibration * * * * *
Solid waste * * * * *
Land Use Pattern * * * * *
Forest & Vegetation * * * * *
Wild life * * * * *
Socio – economic * * * * *
Employment & * * * * *
economic growth
For quantifying impacts on the environment, the policies of the Government of India, Ministry
of Environment & Forests and standards prescribed by CPCB/MSPCB are being considered.
Weightage to each environmental parameter based on its importance has been assigned as
per given below:
Table 4.12
Importance Values
Parameters Importance Value
Air Quality 150
Water quality 100
Water resources 100
Noise & vibration 50
Solid waste 50
Land use 25
Forest and Vegetation 150
Wild life 75
Infrastructure & support services 100
Employment & economic growth 200

The severity has been divided in impact scores from 0-5 for calculating the severity of
impacts on the environmental parameters due to various project activities as per given
below:
Table 4.13
Impact Score
Severity criteria Impact score
No impact 0
No appreciable impact 1
Significant impact-slight or short term effect 2
Major impact-occasional irreversible effect 3
High impact-irreversible or long term impact 4
Permanent impact 5
The impact score can be -ve or +ve depending on whether the impact is adverse or
beneficial. Based on the above importance values and impact scores, the impact value
(impact score x importance value) for the environmental parameters is calculated. The
impact value for individual parameter is added to arrive at the total impacts value. The
criterion which is being used to make conclusive statement based on the total impacts value
without control measures is defined as per given below:
Total impact value Conclusions

Upto(-)1000 No appreciable impact on environment
(-) 1000 to (-) 2000 Appreciable but reversible impact Mitigation measures important.
(-)2000 to (-) 3000 Significant impact mostly reversible after short period. Mitigation measures crucial.
(-) 3000 to (-) 4000 Major impact which is mostly Irreversible. Site selection to be considered.
Above (-) 4000 Permanent irreversible impact, alternative sites to be considered.
The environmental impact matrix based on the above principles has been attempted and is
given in the table below:

Table 4.14
Environmental Impact Matrix with scores
Construction Phase Operation Phase Impact Value

Environmental Importance Erection Disposal Disposal Provision Green
parameters value Civil Plant Housing Medical belt
Mech. Transportation of liquid of solid of civic Construction Operation
works operation provision facilities
eqpt. effluent waste amenities
Air Quality 150 (-)1 (-)1 (-)1 (-)1 0 (-)1 0 0 0 (+)1 -300 -300
Water Quality 100 (-)1 0 (-)1 0 (-)1 0 0 0 0 (+)1 -100 -100
Water resources 100 (-)1 0 (-)1 0 0 0 0 (-)1 0 (+)1 -100 -100
Noise and Vibration 50 (-)1 (-)1 (-)1 (-)1 0 0 0 0 0 (+)1 -100 -50
Solid waste 50 (-)1 (-)1 (-)1 (-)1 0 (-)1 0 0 0 (+)1 -100 -100
Land use 25 (-)1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -25 0
Forest and vegetation 150 (-)1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 (+)1 -150 +150
Wild life 75 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Infrastructure & support 100 (+)1 (+)1 (+)1 (+)1 0 0 0 (+)1 0 0 +200 +300
services
Employment & 200 (+)1 (+)1 (+)1 (+)1 0 0 0 (+)1 0 0 +400 +600
Economic growth
TOTAL IMPACT VALUE -275 +400
The total impact value for the project works out to be:
During construction stage: (-) 275, during operation stage: (+) 400. The result indicates a positive impact of setting up of ongoing project.

CHAPTER 5
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
5.1 INTRODUCTION
M/s Cement Manufacturing Company Limited (CMCL), is planning to adopt corporate

philosophy of eco-friendly development. The management firmly believes in the concept
of sustainable industrial operations at all their facilities. To maintain ecological balance of
the area, CMCL has proposed to take adequate measures to mitigate all possible
adverse impacts at its proposed new project. CMCL has proposed a capital of
Rs 2.5 Crores for the Environmental Protection and Social cost for the proposed new
project.
CMCL has incorporated all necessary steps to mitigate the environmental pollution in the
design stage itself. Environmental Management Plan of the plant details the
environmental quality control measures proposed by CMCL during construction and
operations phase of the project. EMP also details the Post Project Monitoring to be
undertaken by the plant authorities in order to maintain environmental quality within the
stipulated standard limits specified by State Pollution Control Board, CPCB and Ministry
of Environment and Forests.
5.2 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN DURING CONSTRUCTION PHASE
5.2.1 Air Environment
The construction of proposed plant would result in the increase of SPM concentrations
due to fugitive dust over a short period. Frequent water sprinkling in the vicinity of the
construction sites would be undertaken and will be continued after the completion of
plant construction, as there is scope for heavy truck mobility. It will be ensured that both
gasoline and diesel powered vehicles are properly maintained to comply with exhaust
emission requirements.

5.2.2 Noise Environment
There will be marginal increase in noise levels during construction phase, which is
temporary. No construction activities are planned during night time, which may
contribute to the existing baseline.
5.2.3 Water Environment
During construction, all the existing infra-structural services including water supply,
sewage, drainage facilities and electrification will be available for use. The construction
site would be provided with suitable toilet facilities for the workers to allow proper
standards of hygiene. These facilities would be connected to the STP of the operating
unit to minimise impact on the environment.
5.2.4 Land Environment
Generally cutting of herbaceous vegetation, during the construction phase results in the
loosening of the top soil. There is no such removal of vegetation in the proposed site.
Further plantation measures would help in preventing soil erosion.
5.2.5 Socio-economic Environment
Any construction activity will benefit the local population in a number of ways. The
company management shall give preference to local people through both direct and
indirect employment. It shall provide ample opportunity to the locals to up-lift their living
standards by organizing events that propagate mutual benefits to all, such as health
camps, awareness campaigns, donations to poorer sections of society and
downtrodden. Educational needs of the region should be improved by encouraging the
workers to allow their children to attend schools. Sufficient funds shall be allocated for
these and other emergency needs. Compensation packages to the kin of those workers
who loose / disable their working ability due to any accident.
5.2.6 Safety and Health

Adequate space will be provided for construction of temporary sheds for construction
workers mobilized by the contractors. M/s. Cement Manufacturing Co. Ltd., will supply
potable water for the construction workers. The safety department will supervise the safe
working of the contractor and their employees. Work spots will be maintained clean,
provided with optimum lighting and enough ventilation to eliminate dust/fumes. A
comprehensive Occupational Health and Safety management plan is put in place to
address any sort of eventuality.
5.3 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN DURING OPERATIONS PHASE
5.3.1 Air Environment
Air pollution is inevitable from the manufacture of cement. The major pollutant emerged
out of operations is particulate matter.
Stack Emissions Management
Dust emission is the main pollutant emitted from various stacks in a Cement Plant while
other emissions are SO2, NOx and CO. The following measures are being envisaged to
be adopted:
• Suitably modifications in the ESP/ additional Bag filters are installed downstream of
the stacks which will separate out the incoming dust in flue gas and limit the dust
concentration at its designed outlet concentration of 50 mg/Nm3;
• The dust generated from coal handling plant will be insignificant because of handling
of fine coal in closed circuit. For further suppression of dust adequate water spray
system is being provided;
• In the event of failure of any pollution control equipment, automatic tripping in the
control system is provided;
• For ESP operations, interlocking is provided with supply to electrode, which means
that any distribution in the power supply to electrode will switch the whole unit off;
• A well-designed burner system, shall limit the temperature to a reasonably low value
of NOx. Further it is proposed to go for low NOx Calciner to minimize the NOx
generation and emission;

• Impact of CO emission is negligible in view of the firing technique of keeping a

positive oxygen balance. However, regular monitoring and continuous auto regulation
of fuel and air by automatic combustion control system is proposed to be installed;
• All vehicles and their exhausts would be well maintained and regularly tested for
emission concentration;
• Adequate thickness of insulating material with proper fastening is being provided to
control the thermal pollution;
• Provision of regular preventive maintenance of pollution control equipment; and
• Stack emissions shall be regularly monitored by CMCL/ MSPCB/ external agencies
on periodic basis.
Fugitive Emission Management
The following measures are being adopted:

• Jet Pulse bag filters at all dry material conveying and transfer points;
• Dust suppression system by water sprinkler at dump hopper of coal/limestone;
• Regular dust suppression with water sprinkler on the haul roads;
• Level sensor to have a gap of only half-meter in between stacking boom and top of
pile;
Tree plantation will be done on more than 33% area of plant and in addition avenue
plantation will be done on both sides of the internal road and near the main office
building as well as at the parking area also.
5.3.2 Noise Environment
Some of the design features provided to ensure low noise levels are as per given below:
• All rotating items shall be well lubricated and provided with enclosures as far as
possible to reduce noise transmission. Extensive vibration monitoring system is
being provided to check and reduce vibrations. Vibration isolators are being provided
to reduce vibration and noise wherever possible;
• In general, noise generating items such as fans, blowers, compressors, pumps,
motors etc. are so specified as to limit their speeds to less than 1500 rpm and reduce

noise levels. Static and dynamic balancing of equipment will be insisted upon and
will be verified during inspection and installation;
• Provision of silencers are made wherever possible;
• The insulation provided for prevention of loss of heat and personnel safety shall also
act as noise reducers;
• Layouts of equipment foundations and structures are being designed keeping in view
the requirement of noise abatement;
• Central control room(s) provided for operation and supervision of plant and
equipment will be air-conditioned, insulated and free from plant noise. Necessary
enclosures will also be provided on the working platforms/areas to provide local
protection in high noise level areas;
• Proper lubrication and housekeeping to avoid excessive noise generation;
• In case where the operation of the equipment warrants the presence of operators in
close proximity to equipment, the operators will be provided with necessary safety
and protection equipment such as ear plugs, ear muffs etc.;
• By provision of green belt in and around the plant premises;
• Occupational Health and Safety Administration System (OHSAS) for evaluation of
exposure of noise pollution on the associated staff and comparing it with permissible
exposure and subsequently taking corrective actions shall be developed;
By these measures, it is anticipated that noise levels in the plant will be maintained
below 75 dB(A) at the boundary of the plant premises. Earth mounds and plantations in
the zone between plant and township would further attenuate noise level.
5.3.3 Solid Waste Management
• Waste oil shall be stored in leak proof steel drums and sent to the “Spent Oil Storage
Site”. The waste oil drums shall be properly identified with label of what is contained
both in local language and English. It is proposed to be disposed off by burning it in
the cement kiln under controlled conditions or by selling it to authorized vendors;
• The sludge generated from the STP at colony shall be used as manure for greenbelt
development. Regular monitoring shall be carried out to assess its suitability for
greenbelt development;

• The solid waste generated as municipal waste will be collected, segregated and will
be disposed off through authorized vendors.
• Storage area that would be used for fuel & oil drums and grease cartridges storage
would have concrete flooring;
• Litter, fuel, oil drums, used grease cartridges would be collected and removed
properly;
• Dust bins shall be placed at requisite locations; and
• In case of any spillage, area shall be cordoned off and surface soil shall be removed
and disposed as per standard practice at the earliest.
5.3.4 Water Resource/ Quality Management

Following measures shall be adopted:
• Continuous attempt shall be made to optimize/reduce the use of water in plant and
colony;
• Continuous attempt shall be made to avoid wastage and leakage of water;
• Regular record of level and flow of surface water sources shall be maintained;
• Regular record of water table in case of tubewells shall be maintained;
• Raw water quality shall be checked on regular basis for essential parameters under
BIS:10500 before and after treatment;
• Drainage system that shall be used for carrying the waste water to the STP shall be
periodically checked for any leakage; and
• Treated wastewater at inlet and outlet of STP shall be monitored on regular basis to
assess the performance of STP.
• As the area receives heavy rain fall, hence runoff from all the roof top and paved
area will be diverted to rain water harvesting pit within the designated area of project
premises.
5.3.5 Wastewater
The details of wastewater generated from the ongoing unit are given in Table 5.1.
Table 5.1
Details of Wastewater Generation
S.No Source Quantity (m3/day)
1 Plant operation Nil
2 Workshop Nil

S.No Source Quantity (m3/day)

3 DM Water plant waste & filter back wash Nil
4 Softener Water plant waste & filter back wash 8.0
5 Domestic from plant 38.0
6 Domestic from Township 150.0
Total 196
It is proposed that effluent generated from softening plant shall be sprayed on coal in
coal yard while domestic effluent from plant and township shall be treated in Sewage
Treatment Plant (STP).
5.3.6 Sewage Treatment Plant (STP)
Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) is existing and can handle sewage for maximum
hydraulic loading up to 400 m3/day. Hence it can handle the possible sewage generated
due to the expansion effectively. The scheme of treatment comprises of primary,
secondary and tertiary treatment. The quality of effluent at inlet and outlet are as given in
below table.
Table 5.2
Characteristics of Effluent
S.No. Parameter Effluent Quality
At Inlet At Outlet
1 pH 6.5 – 7.5 6.5 – 7.5
2 Total Suspended Solids (mg/l) 200 - 300 <10
3 BOD5 at 20 0C (mg/l) 200-300 <20
4 COD 400- 500 <100
5 Oil & grease (mg/l) <20 <10
The effluent so generated from domestic activities in plant and colony shall be collected
in a sump and from sump it shall be fed to aeration tank after grit removal. From aeration
tank, effluent shall be put to chlorination and filtration after clarification. The details of
basis of design shall be as given below:
1 Intake Sump
Detention 1.5 hours
Capacity 25 m3
2 Grit Removal
Type Grit Separator
Flow 17 m3/hr

3 Aeration
Detention 18 hours
Sludge return 50%
MLSS 3500 – 4000 mg/l
F/M 0.11 – 0.15
Type of process Extended aeration
4 Clarification
Detention 4.5 hours
Overflow rate 15 cm/m2/day
Removal of Suspended Solid 400 m3/day plus sludge for circulation
design capacity
5 Chlorination
Detention 1 hour
Dosing 10 ppm chlorine
Flow 17 m3/hr
Type Compact dosing through pump
6 Filtration
Type Multi Grade Pressure Filter
Flow 17 m3/hr
Filtration rate 13 m3/hr/m2
7 Activated Carbon Filtration
Flow 17 m3/hr
Filtration rate 13 m3/hr/m2
The sludge shall be fed to sludge drying beds and after drying, the sludge shall be used
as manure for green belt development. The treated effluent shall be reutilized as per
details given below:
Particulars Quantity
Total Treated effluent 175 m3/day
Dust suppression 40 m3/day
Green belt at Plant 35 m3/day
Green belt at Township 100 m3/day
In addition to the above and as a step towards the conservation of water CMCL
proposes to have rain water harvesting ponds and storm water drainage system.
5.3.7 Solid Waste
The details of solid waste generated from ongoing plant are given in Table 5.3.
Table 5.3
Details of Solid Waste Generated

S.No Source Quantity (Tonnes/ month)

1 Sludge from STP 1.3
2 Oily Sludge 8.0
3 Raw water treatment plant 1.7
Waste oil shall be stored in leak proof steel drums and sent to the “Spent Oil Storage
Site”. The waste oil drums shall be properly identified with label of what is contained both
in local language and English. It is proposed to be disposed off by burning it in the
cement kiln under controlled conditions or by selling it to authorized vendors.
The sludge generated from the STP at colony shall be used as manure for greenbelt
development. The solid waste generated from Raw Water Treatment Plant shall be
disposed off in leveling low lying patches within the plant and township premises.
However, regular monitoring shall be carried out to assess its suitability for specific
purposes.
The solid waste generated will be collected, segregated and will be sent to municipal
waste disposal site allocated by local administrative authorities.
5.3.8 Housekeeping
Salient features of the practices to be adopted are as follows:

• Mechanized cleaning of roads and floor area inside the plant premises by using road
sweeper and mobile vacuum cleaner on regular basis;
• Training on regular basis to all workers and staff about the importance of cleanliness;
• Careful garbage transportation to dumping site and disinfection of transport vehicles
body;
• Decorative plantation to improve aesthetics of the plant; and
• Construction of suitably designed drains all along the roads and boundary of the
plant premises.
5.3.9 Occupational Health & Safety
During cement manufacturing, dust causes the main health hazard. Other health
hazards are due to gas cutting, welding, noise and high temperature and micro ambient
conditions especially near the furnace doors and platforms which may lead to adverse

effects (Heat cramps, heat exhaustion and heat stress reaction) leading to local and
systemic disorders. Injuries in cement industries are usually of minor natures like
bruises, cuts, and abrasion because of manual handling. However, serious accidents
due to common reasons like fall from height and entrapment of limbs in machinery are
possible.
The precautionary measures which shall be followed to reduce the risk due to dust on
the workers engaged in and around the material handling areas are:
• Adequate arrangements are made for preventing the generation of dust by providing
the chutes at transfer points to reduce the falling height of material, preventing
spillage of material by maintaining the handling equipment, isolating the high dust
generating areas by enclosing them in appropriate housing and appropriately
dedusting through high efficiency bag filters;
• Due care shall be taken to maintain continuous water supply in the water spraying
system and all efforts would be made to suppress the dust generated by coal
handling system by water spraying at appropriate points;
• Almost all material handling systems are automatic i.e. unmanned. The workers
engaged in material handling system shall be provided with personal protective
equipment like dust masks, respirators, helmets, face shields etc;
• All workers engaged in material handling system shall be regularly examined for lung
diseases;
• Any worker found to develop symptoms of dust related diseases shall be changed
over to other jobs in cleaner areas; and
• Thermal insulation is being provided wherever necessary to minimize heat radiation
from the equipment, piping, etc. to ensure protection of workers. Insulation is being
done by adequate cleats, wire nets, jackets etc. to avoid loosening. Insulation
thickness is so selected that the covering jacket surface temperature does not
exceed the surrounding ambient temperature by more than 15oC. The effect of
thermal pollution of air will be negligible considering the atmosphere as the ultimate
heat sink and no other industry being located in the vicinity.
5.3.10 Measures to Improve Socio-Economic Conditions

In addition to payment of additional royalty, sales tax and excise duty to the
Government, CMCL shall continue its efforts to improve the socio-economic status of the
local habitants. Preference shall be given to locals for any direct and indirect
employment based on the availability of skills as required.
CMCL will also create infrastructural facilities like school, hospital, bank, Post Office,
Community Center in due course of time, which shall be extended to locals also to the
possible extent.
5.3.11 Land use Management
The total land area available is 35 hectares. The land use for various operations is given
below.
Table 5.4
Land Use Plan
Land Use Type Area in Hectares
Operational Area 8.0
Roads 3.0
Greenbelt 11.6
Storage of Raw material 12.6
Total Land 35.0
5.3.12 Green Belt Development
The total area acquired for plant premises and township is 35 Hect. out of which 11.6
hect shall be made available for green belt development. The greenbelt will be
developed both at plant premises and at township.
CMCL shall develop a nursery to raise plant saplings in the township. The saplings shall
be raised in 1 kg plastic bags. The plastic bags shall be filled with equal proportion of red
soil, sand and manure. The seeds shall be implanted in the prepared seedling bags. The
sapling shall be kept under partly shaded atmosphere and periodically (alternate days)
watered by hand sprinklers. A minimum of 3 months period shall be given for the sapling
to grow in size for transplanting. Care and management of saplings shall be carried out
by engaging contractors.

Tree/ shrub sapling planting and nourishing shall be carried out by employing
contractors. As per contract clause, 98% survival rate of sapling shall be ensured. A
2’x2’x2’ pit shall be dug and filled with equal ratio of red soil, sand and manure. Soil
nutrition level shall be supplemented by the use of Asospyrillum (a bionutrient
supplement). Tree saplings shall be watered and deweeded at least for four to five years
till the saplings grow adequately and survive on their own.
The preferred species shall be evergreen with large leaf and crown surface area,
tolerant to air pollution, quick growing and round/spreading in shape. Preference shall be
given to locally available species. The preferred species proposed to be planted as
recommended by Central Pollution Control Board in its Guidelines For Developing
Greenbelts (March 2000) in NE hills of Eastern Himalayan Region.
Table 5.5
SPECIES PREFERRED TO BE PLANTED
S. no. Botanical Name Common Name Height (m) Crown Shape
Trees
1. Alstonia scholaris Devil tree 15 Round
2. Azadirachta indica Neemm 20 Spreading
3. Buchanania lanzan Achar 13 Round
4. Cassia pumila Yellow Cassia 10-12 Round
5. Citrus aurantium Limu 5 Round/oblong
6. Cordia dichotoma Chota losora 10 Round/oblong
7. Dalbergia sisoo Shisham 10 Round
8. Derris indica Karanja 10 Round
9. Sapildus emarginatus Haithaguti - Assam 10 Round/oblong
10. Saraca asoka Ashok 5 Spreading
11. Syzygium cumini Jaman 20 Oblong/Spreading
12. Trema orientalis Gio 6 Round/Oblong
Shrubs
1. Bougainvillea spectabilis Bougainvillea 8 Oblong/Round
2. Calotropis gigantea Akand - Bengali 5 Oblong/Round
3. Calotropis procera Akada 6 Oblong/Round
4. Carissa spinarum Karaunda 3 Round
5. Clerodendrum infortunatum Bhant 3-4 Round
6. Grewia subinequalis Phalsa 7 Round
7. Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Jasum 3 Round/Oblong
8. Ixora chinensis --- 6 Oblong
9. Lantana camara Lantana 3 Spreading
10. Lawsonia inermis Mehndi 5 Round
11. Murraya paniculata Marchula 5 Round
12. Nerium indicum Kaner 5 Oblong/Round

13. Thevetia peruviana Pila Kaner 6 Round/ Oblong
However, services of professional expert of horticulture shall be hired for design and
development of green belt in township as well as in plant premises on regular basis.
5.4 DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN
The objectives of Disaster Management Plan (DMP) for the ongoing project are:
• To ensure safety of people, protect the environment and safeguard commercial
considerations;
• To response immediately to emergency incidents with effective communication
network and organized procedures;
• To obtain early warning of emergency conditions so as to prevent on personnel,
assets and environment; and
• To safeguard personnel to prevent injuries or loss of life by:
Protecting personnel from hazard; and

Evacuating personnel from an installation whenever necessary and minimize the
impact of the event on the installation and the environment by:
o Minimizing the hazard as possible;

o Minimizing the potential for escalation; and
o Containing the release, if any.
This document is prepared keeping in view and to conform to the requirements of the
provisions of The Factories Act, 1948 under section 41 B (4) and guidelines issued by
the Ministry of Environment and Forests, Govt. of India and Manufacture, Import and
Storage of Hazardous Chemicals Rules, 2000, Schedule 11 under Environmental
Protection Act, 1986.
Flammable Materials Used
The details of flammable materials to be used are given in Table 5.2.
Table 5.6

DETAILS OF FLAMMABLE MATERIALS

S.No Fuel Daily Consumption Calorific value % %
(TPD) (Kcals/kg) Ash Sulphur
1 HSD 1000 10000 Nil 0.25
2 Coal 180 7300 6.5 5.4
Petroleum Product
The details of storage of petroleum products proposed to be used are given in Table 5.3:
Table 5.7
DETAILS OF STORAGE OF PETROLEUM PRODUCTS
S.No Petroleum Maximum Storage Type and Dimension of
Product Capacity Number of Tanks Tank
1 HSD 20000 ltr Steel tank - one 2.4 m. Ø and
4.44 m length
2 Sludge oil 1000 ltr Barrels - five 200 ltrs capacity
each
According to The Petroleum Act, 1934, Petroleum (any liquid hydrocarbons or mixture of
hydrocarbons, an inflammable mixture containing any liquid hydrocarbon) are classified
as given below:
• Petroleum class “A” Petroleum having flash point below 23o C.
• Petroleum class “B” Petroleum, having flash point of 23oC and above
but below 65o C.
• Petroleum Class “C” Petroleum having flash point of 65oC and
above but below 93o C.
5.4.1 Identification of Hazard & Preventive/Controlling Measures
Coal stored in the pits:

Piece-coal (lump coal) stores in silos or in the open may, on the coincidence of certain
unfavourable conditions, be liable to spontaneous ignition and may cause fire. To avoid
risk of fire, coal dust shall be stored in air-tight closed silos or bins, because of
unfavorable conditions which may cause spontaneous ignition for reasons similar to
those applying to piece-coal. In coal dust, oxidation proceeds on a higher rate than in

piece coal so coal dust should not be stored for a longer period than necessary.
Furthermore, care must be taken not to introduce oil or grease into the coal dust. During
shutdowns, which shall be for only short periods, an advisable precaution will be to
reduce quantity in the container to bare minimum required for next light up. Due to
average lower temperature in the region spontaneous ignition of coal in open stockyard
is not expected
Coal stored while firing:

When pulverized coal is fired in kiln through burner at burner platform, chances of
explosion or backfire cannot be ruled out.
The following measures shall be adopted to prevent/control hazards associate with coal
handling during operation:
• Adequate number of DCP & CO2 fire extinguishers shall be provided in all vantage
points in the plant;
• All apparatus and conveying lines coming in to contact with pulverized coal shall be
earthed to avoid electrostatic charging;
• Regular monitoring of temperature in the bins;
• Storing limestone dust and sand near bins;
• Provision of pressurized water hydrant;
• Presence of an active safety committee which meets once in a month;
• Provision of security personnel round the clock;
• Provision of flow of water into the coal pit to cool down the temperature; and
• Small coal heaps shall be maintained in coal pit.
Petroleum products:
Since fuel oil is a combustible liquid, so most likely hazards is the fire hazard.
The following measures shall be adopted to prevent/control hazards associate with fuel
oil handling:
• Oil carrying pipes shall be properly insulated with standard hose pipe connections;
• Pumping stations shall be located away from the tanks;
• Provision of well laid out Fire Hydrant System comprising of a water pipeline
network, adequate number of hydrants and monitor points for fire fighting

• Provision of static water reservoir;

• Adequate number of DCP and CO2 Fire extinguishers shall be provided at all
vantage points in the plant;
• Provision of electrical & hand operated sirens at convenient location inside the plant;
• Adequate number of breathers shall be provided at the top of storage tanks;
• Adequate earthing and bonding shall be provided in all storage tanks, handling
machinery and structures, electrical motors;
• Flame-proof electrical fittings shall be provided in storage area;
• Presence of an active safety committee which meets once in a month;
• The surrounding area of the tank & plant shall be always kept clear;
• Standard hose pipe connects shall be always maintained;
• Only authorized persons shall be allowed inside storage area;
• Good Housekeeping shall be strictly maintained;
• No weeds, grass and combustible material in and around the fenced area;
• Adequate lighting in the workplace;
• Use of non-sparking tools and also the right tools for maintenance job
• NO SMOKING signs displayed;
• FIRE SUB-STATION shall be equipped with all accessories such as fire
extinguishers, fire hoses, water tank, one diesel operated fire fighting pump at the oil
storage tank area;
• Free access to hydrant point;
• Mock drills shall be conducted periodically;
• Provision of Security Personnel round the clock at the storage area;
• Leakage of oil shall be prevented and leaked oil if any shall be regularly cleaned by
using saw dust and sand; and
• Oil leakage during oil unloading shall be collected in a pit and transferred to storage
tanks back by pumping.
Specific Hazards
• Pool fire may occur due to accumulation of oil in the oil pit/oil drains. Sand bath
shall be provided at the vulnerable points and adequate number of DCP and CO2
fire extinguishers shall be provided at all vantage points;

• Tank fire may occur due to a) Thunder stroke, b) Short circuit and c) Over
pressurization. Following preventive/ controlling measures shall be put in place:
a) Lightning arrestors shall be provided to the tanks;
b) Flame-proof electrical fittings shall be provided in the storage area;
c) Proper earthing and bonding shall be provided in all storage tanks, handling
machinery and structure, electrical motors; and
d) In case of fire, effort shall be made to shut off all the operation and fire is to
be extinguished under controlled condition.
• DG bursting of gland followed with fire. Effort should be made to shut off source of
fuel and the fire shall be extinguished under controlled condition.
5.4.2 Main Component of the On-Site Disaster Management Plan
Disaster Management Plan does not cover the natural disaster and sabotage activities.
However, duties and responsibilities given in this DMP may be followed to deal with
emergencies, arising out of natural disasters and subrogate activities. The main
components of disaster management plan are as follows:
Emergency Response Organization
Following officers of the plant will be responsible for coordination, in case of emergency
situation in any section of the cement plant:
• Head of Project at Site : Site Controller

• Head-Operation (HOD) : Incident Controller
• Employee who give the first information : Primary Controller
about the incident/ accident
• Head-Personnel : Liaison Officer
• In-Charge of Security Personnel : Emergency/ Communication Officer
• Medical Officer

Responsibility of Key Personnel
Site Controller
Head of the Project at site or his deputy will assume overall responsibility. As soon as he
is informed of the emergency, he shall proceed to the Emergency Control Center (ECC)
and his duties shall be:
• To assess the magnitude of the incident and decide if employees need to be
evacuated from assembly points;
• To maintain continuous review of possible development and to assess in
consultation with Incident Controller as to whether the shutting down the plant or part
of plant and evacuation of person is required;
• To exercise direct operational control over the areas other than affected;
• To give necessary instructions to Liaison officer and Emergency officer regarding the
help to be obtained from out side agencies like fire brigade, police and medical;
• To advice liaison officer to pass necessary information about the incident to news
media and ensure that the evidences are preserved for inquiries to be conducted by
statutory authorities;
• To liaison with senior officials of Police, Fire, Medical, MSPCB and Factory
Inspectorate; and
• To issue authorized statement to news media.
In Case of Accident
During the time of any accident or emergency condition, the person present at site shall
has to inform the Shift In-Charge immediately which shall be followed by:
• Shift In-Charge will inform to respective Department Head, Time Office and Security
Personnel;
• According to the seriousness of the accident, the Department Head will arrange duty
doctors, ambulance and inform the personnel department;
• The department head will immediately report to spot and collect the cause of
accident;
• The department head will make a final report;

• The cause of accident shall be analyzed and rehabilitation measure shall be

implemented; and
• The workmen shall be advised to do the work with more safety measures.
Emergency Shutdown Procedure

If necessary, full or partial shut down of the plant shall be followed under the judgment of
the Incident Controller or the Site controller. On hearing the emergency siren/message
over phone, the following procedure will be followed to shutdown the plant.
• The operation/ maintenance department will stop incoming and outgoing petroleum
product supply or coal supply;
• If the unloading of petroleum products/ Coal is in progress that will be stopped and
vehicle/tanker will be sent out of the area;
• Head (Operations) will stop all the production/ maintenance activity if necessary;
• Loading of cement will be stopped and the vehicles will be sent out; and
• The individuals designated for the emergency preparedness will carry out the work
as assigned to him as per the checklist.
Medical Facility Available at CMCL:

The focus of medical facilities shall be to:
• Equip the hospital/ health center with necessary equipment/ medicines;
• To keep the blood group record of all the employees;
• To train the Doctors for handling emergency situation/ casualties;
• To keep liaison with city hospitals and other hospitals in the area; and
• To keep the list of the blood donors ready.
Keeping in view the above requirement, CMCL shall have full fledged Dispensary at the
Plant. Full time doctor, Nurses, paramedical staff, laboratory staff and attendants shall
be employed. Ambulance facility is also proposed to be provided.
Post Emergency Activities

Post emergency activities comprise of steps taken after the emergency is over so as to
establish the reasons of the causation of the emergency and preventive measures. The
steps involved are:

• Collection of records;
• Conducting inquiry and concluding preventive measures;
• Making insurance claims;
• Preparation of inquiry reports with recommendations;
• Rehabilitate the affected persons within the plant and outside the plant; and
• To restart the plant.
Off – Site Emergency Plan

As per identified hazards, the possibility of “offsite” emergency situation are ruled out, as
CMCL is not likely to pose any off site emergency. Hence this plant does not call for any
preparation of an off site emergency plan. However, considering extreme situation,
District Authorities including police will be informed about any “Off-Site” emergency
situation that arises.
5.4.3 Environmental Management Cell

CMCL shall have a department consisting of officers from various disciplines
to co-ordinate the activities concerned with the management and
implementation of the environmental control measures. The organization and
responsibility of the Environmental Management Cell is presented below:
Chief General
Manager (Works)
Dy.Manager
(Process)
Part Time
Mech. Elect. Instr. Junior

Foreman
Engineer Engineer Engineer Engineer

Basically, this department shall undertake monitoring of the environmental pollution

levels by measuring stack emissions, ambient air quality, water and effluent quality,
noise level etc., initially by appointing external agencies wherever necessary. In case,
the monitored results of environmental pollution shall be found to exceed the allowable
values, the Environmental Management Cell will suggest remedial action and gets these
suggestions implemented through the concerned plant authorities.
The Environmental Management Cell shall also co-ordinate all the related activities such
as collection of statistics w.r.t health of workers and population of the region,
afforestation and green belt development.
To achieve the objective of pollution control, it is essential not only to provide best
pollution control system but also to provide trained manpower resources to operate the
same. Training facilities would be placed for environmental control. This training shall
cover the items listed below:
Awareness of pollution control and environmental protection;

Operation and maintenance of pollution control equipment;
Knowledge of norms, regulations and procedures; and
Occupational health and safety.
5.4.4 Environment Monitoring
On line dust emission monitors with trending facility are proposed for the major stacks
attached to Kiln, Coal mill, Cooler and Cement mill and the Stack emission monitoring
data will be interlocked with the main equipment with suitable alarm and tripping
provisions. Also, as a secondary step in ensuring a clean environment, it is necessary to
have a comprehensive monitoring programme, which continuously assesses the various
environmental aspects and sets guidelines with regard to measures.
For testing and monitoring requirement as statuary requirements, CMCL shall initially
hire the services of laboratory either of MSPCB or external laboratory recognized by
MSPCB. At later stage, CMCL shall develop in house facilities to monitor ambient air
quality inside the plant premises and emission from stacks on regular basis. CMCL shall

keep the records of pollution levels emitted from the operation on continuous basis as
per details given in Table 5.4.
Table 5.8 : Proposed Environmental Monitoring Schedule

Parameter Frequency Agency Location
Ambient Air Quality around the Plant Premises:
SPM & RSPM Twice in a External 3 locations near
week Company’s the plant
laboratory boundary
Stack Monitoring
SPM, SO2, NOx Once in a Company’s All stacks
month laboratory
Noise level
Noise level in dB(A) Once in Company’s Inside and at
three months laboratory plant premises
Waste Water Quality
pH, TSS, BOD, Oil & grease, Once in a External & Inlet & outlet
COD & Colour in case of STP month Company’s
pH, TSS & BOD in case of laboratory Inlet & outlet
STP
In addition to above:
• Detailed analysis of treated wastewater shall be carried out for the parameters as
specified in Schedule II by MOEF to assess its suitability for greenbelt development
once in three months; and
• Detailed analysis of sludge from the STP shall also be carried out once in a year for
their suitability to be used as manure.

Table No.5.9: COMPREHENSIVE MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR RISK ANALYSIS AND POSSIBLE HAZARDS
Operation process Measures to be taken if any

S.No. Possible Hazards Precautionary measures
Equipment /areas hazard occurs.
1. If any worker is hurt /burnt in plant, immediate

first aid should be given to the victim by trained
1. Workers are provided with gloves & proper
Charging of materials person and refer to the doctor/ hospital for
equipment to handle and feed the scrap.
into preheaters and further treatment.
1 Cutt may be possible. 2. Only trained and qualified people will operate
moving parts, other 2. Inform the In-charge Officer present in that
the furnace.
accessories. shift.
3. Information should be given to the
Director/CIF.
2 Rotary Kiln Fire hazard caused by 1. Sufficient clearance should be provided from
flames. Burns may be kiln to gangway. 1. Water hose will be operated to set out the
possible if directly coming 2. Emergency kit is kept ready nearer to the fire.
in contact. furnace. 2. Emergency alarm to be put on to signal the
3. Hydrant systems provided at conspicuous accident.
places. 3. First aid shall be rushed to the site by the
4. Water hose is provided. security staff.. Immediate First Aid should be
5. Furnace operator’s staff and labours are given to the victims and sent to hospital for
trained to fight fire. further treatment
4. Inform the manager / Director present in the
factory.
.

Continued..

S.No. Possible Hazardous Precautionary measures
1. Continuous monitoring of rollers of cement

1. Immediately drain out the furnace by pouring
mill and maintaining properly.
or tapping out.
2. Movement of labour is not permitted inside
In case of leak from the 2. Molten Slashed Metal is allowed to cool down
Various sections of 3. Noise zone sign displayed near the cement
3 cement plant causing before removing.
Cement Plant plant
splash of dust 3. Further process is stopped till repairs are
4. Safety shoes, safety goggles, hand gloves,
conducted. ln case of fire fighting equipments
nose masks and safety helmet provided to
are used to set out the fire.
workers.
A. Cooling pond/ water tank should be fenced or

covered.
Wastewater treatment Drowning of personnel is Drowned person should immediately be given
4 B. Must not be permitted for using the tank/pond
system possible first aid.
for general utility.

continued..
Electrical Shock possible In an event of electric leakage main supply
8 Control Rooms Earth leakage circuit breaker is installed.
due to leakage. should be immediately shut off.
1. Emergency kit is kept readily available in
store and working place.
2. Fire fighting equipments powder / Foam type
extinguishers on vehicle and mounting on walls
are kept readily available.
3. Hydrant system provided at conspicuous
place. 1 Installation of inert gas Nitrogen, Carbon
Welding Gas Oxygen
4. Fire fighting trained man is employed. dioxide. Equipments to take care of fire hazards
LPG and /Acetylene Fire hazards caused by
9 5. Cylinders are handled carefully without in the factory are being installed.
cylinders at Workshop flames and leakage.
dropping or rolling. 2. Hydrant point will be for gas cylinders stores
area
6. Precaution to ensure that cylinders are not and point where welding operation is done.
allowed to dash with each other.
7. Sand bed cushion available for the purpose
of unloading cylinders.
8. Periodic inspection done to avoid accident of
any kind.
1. No movement of outside people in conveyor

1. Weak rope and week belts shall immediately
bay will be permitted.
Belt and Bucker Hoist Rope Breakage be replaced.
10 2. The Shift In-charge shall do frequent check of
Conveyor System possible. 2 The conveyor movements are carried out only
the system regularly.
after getting the clearance.
Cut off the power supply, treat the injured for
Electrical power (B) Shock proof insulated PCC Platform.
electrical shock
11 Electrical transformer
Fire fighting equipment (i) Sand buckets. Immediately fight fire with available resources,
Fire (A)
(ii) Fire extinguisher. summon outside help if necessary.

Continued..
Fire hazard may be 1. Fire proof system made available and fighting
Diesel Oil (HSD) Proper care is to be taken while storing and
12 possible if directly comes equipment like Foam, extinguishers and hydrant
storage. keeping the oil drums.
in contact. system, etc., are kept.
1. Proper care should be taken while handling
the chemicals.
In case of bottle
2. First Aid Box should be available at Site with
breakage, causes burns Instruction Boards to be displaced for
all necessary and required
13 Lab Chemicals and damage knowledge of other workers to take care of the
medicines.
to respirator systems situation in the event of occurrence.
3. Fire fighting equipment like
due to inhalation.
Extinguishers, sand buckets should be available
always.

Compliance to TOR raised by the MoEF
S.No MoEF-TOR Point Compliance status

1 Hydrogeological Environment
a Information and data on hydrogeology and geology of the project area and Baseline Environment, 3.2,1 & Fig 3.0 and 3.0a
preparation of hydro-morphological map of the project area
b Study of geomorphological features of the project area analyzing relief, slope Baseline Environment, 3.2.1,3.2.2 & Figs 3.0a,
and drainage pattern. Preparation of suitable drainage map of the project area. 3.0b & 3.0c
Please add a note on changes that could have occurred in drainage pattern after
the project has
c Map of major and minor fracture zones in the project area. Baseline Environment, Fig. 3.0a
d Preparation of watershed and sub-watershed boundary map within the project Baseline Environment, Fig. 3.0b
area.
e Study on availability of ground water in the area. Please add a note on change in Baseline Environment, 3.2.1 , 3.2.2 . & 3.6.2
availability of ground water after initiation of the project till date.
f Deteremine hydrogeological cycle and water budget of the area. Please add a Baseline Environment, 3.2.1 3.2.2 & 3.6.2
note on change in the water budget since the initiation of the project till date.
g Estimation of peak rate of run off (through Rational Method or Curve Number Baseline Environment, 3.6.2
Method) from the core project area. Predict the volume of runoff from the core
project area in to nearby streamsthrough derivation of rain-fall relationship.
h Impact on the catchment, watershed areas and water course running in the Impact Assessment, 4.4.5, 4.4.6
project area.
i Impact on local aquefers contiguous to the project site. Please add a note on the Impact Assessment, 4.4.6
impact on the local aquefers on account of existing aquefers.
j Impact on ground water quality and relating to permeability in the area and Impact Assessment, 4.4.6
location of major fracture zones.
2 Soil Environment
a Determine physico-chemical characteristics of soil: Texture, porosity, WHC, pH, Baseline Environment, Table 3.20
SOC, TKN, P, S, Ca, K, Mn, Mg and Fe. Soil Analysis shall be done once only
during the winter season. At least three sites each for buffer and core area to be
taken.
b Permeability rate in different soil horizons Baseline Environment, Table 3.7.2
c Analysis of impact of the project on soil. Baseline Environment 4.4.8 & table 4.1
3 Air Environment
a Micrometeorology: Collect micrometeorological data with respect to hourly wind Baseline Environment, 3.3.1 and Figures 3.1 to 3.
velocity and wind direction, relative humidity, ambient air temperature, cloud
cover, and daily rainfall data. The corresponding frequency distribution of wind
behaviour with w
b Baseline ambient air quality : SPM, RPM, SO2, Nox, && CO atleast 4 locations. Table 3.4 to 3,13
Data to be collected for 24 hours, twice a week atr each location for 16 weeks
spread over four seasons covering both core zone and buffer zone. Please
include the baseline data
c Prepare inventory of point and area sources. Impact Assessment, Table 4.4
d Evaluate cumulative effect of point and area sources using appropriate model in Impact Assessment, 4.4.2
preliminary estimation and Gaussian Plume Model in subsequent analysis to
establish source and receptor relationship.
e Quantify emission from all existing sources in the project area. Impact Assessment, Table 4.4, 4.10 & 4.13
f Quantitative prediction of air pollutants in the form of incremental ground level Impact Assessment, Table 4.5
concentration (GLC) to be done by Air Quality Prediction Modelling Software
g Calculate maximum resultant GLC at identified locations taking in to Impact Assessment 4.4.3 & Table 4.5
consideration background GLC and predominant wind direction.
h Estimate comprehensively the damages that have already occurred in the core Impact Assessment, Table 4.5, Fig.4.1
and buffer zone due to air pollutants in the area by taking help of air quality data
prior to setting up of the industry.
i Analysis of the current transportation arrangements and predict the impact of the Impact Assessment, 4.4.4 & table 4.7
vehicular emissions due to enhanced transportation.
4 Noise Environment
a Assessment of present and projected noise levels in the project area. Baseline Environment, 3.5 and tables 3.15 &
4.9
b Identification of source of noise. Impact Assessment, 4.4.7
c Prediction and evaluation of noise levels, their duration and diurnal variation if Baseline Environment, 3.5.1
any.

d Identification of high noise level zones along with their duartion and suggestions Impact Assessment,5.3.2. Table 4.9
for mitigation measures. Please add a note on success or failure of the project
after the initiation of the project.
e Monitor noise levels on hourly basis 24 hr cycle, twice a week for 16 weeks Baseline Environment, Table 3.15
spread over four seasons. Prepare table of C-Weighted peak levels in db(pKC)
and equivalent continuous sound levels (Leq) in dBA.
5 Water Environment
a Identify sources of water bodies including steams and bore wells in the project Project Description, 2.6.1
area.
b Identify present and future designated use of water including impact of the Project Description, 2..6.1
project on the water availability of different users.
c Identify sources of water pollution from the project activities. Environmental Management Plan, 5.3.4 , 4.4.5 & 4.4.6
d Assess surface water and ground water quality with respect to parameters Baseline Environment, Table 3.17
prescribed by CPCB. Please add a note on change in quality parameters since
the initiation of the project.
e Prepare water budget for the area. Baseline Environment, 3.6
f Details of Water Treatment Plant and Sewage Treatm,ent Plant installed or to be Environmental Management Plan, 5.3.5 & 5.3.6
installed/ capacity enhanced in the project area.
6 Land Environment
a Assess existing land use pattern and provide a detailed land use map of the Baseline Environment, 3.40 7 Table 3.30
project area.
b Preparation of Digital Elevation Model of the core project area in 1:10,000 scale Under Process
to enable topographic/terrian analysis
c Estimation of total limestone reserves in the project area with map showing the Project Description, 2.4.2
extent and locations. Determionation of the quantity of the limestone that could
be sustainably extracted from the project area without altering the delicate
geological balanc
d Prepare an inventory of wastes and waste disposal sites and plan for recycle or Environmental Management Plan,
reuse of the same. Please add a note on measures that have already been takenTable 5.1, 5.2, 5.3
since the project has become operational.
e Impacts of the project on land use and related activities. Impact Assessment, Table 4.1 & 4.14
f Indicate the presence of National Parks, Wildlife Sancturies, Reserve Forests, Introduction, Table 1.1
Archaelogical monuments and limestone cave network in the vicinity of the
project area ( within a radius of 25 km) and the impact of the proposed project
on them.
7 Biological and Ecological Environment
a Vegetation: Describe the vegetation type and their characteristics existing forest Baseline Environment, 3.8
cover.
b Information on flora: comprehensive list of plants found in the area including Baseline Environment, Table 3.21-3.22
lower plants and microflora arranged under different taxonomic groups, their
uses, density of trees, shrubs and herbs, estimation of volume of wood present
in tree component
c Information on Fauna: birds, reptiles, fish, and mammal grouped according to Baseline Environment, 3.8
classes. Migratory routes of animals and precautionary measures to be taken,
flight pattern of the migratory birds.
d Aquatic flora and fauna: Density and diversity of aquatic flora and fauna includingBaseline Environment, 3.8
phytoplankton, zooplankton and benthic communities.
e Threatened categories of species: Identification of threatened categories of Baseline Environment, 3.8
species of flora and fauna indicating their status.
f Impact of the project activities on the biodiversity in general. Impact Assessment, 4.4.9
g Possible impact of the project on the existing forest in the project area. Impact Assessment, 4.4.9
h A note on increase or decrease in flora after the initiation of the project. Impact Assessment, 4.4.9
8 GIS-Remote sensing
a GIS Remote sensing tool shall be employed for analyzing the impact of project Under Process
on existing forest cover, water bodies and settlement areas. The analysis should
be performed/ authenticated by an appropriate Government Organization.
9 Socioeconomic Environment
a Collection of secondary data on village wise population, sex ratio, literacy, Baseline Environment, 3.9
occupational structure, number of households and percentage of main workers
and non-workers.
b Collection of primary information on social amenities infrastructure facilities in theBaseline Environment, 3.9
study area.
c Assessment of impact on the sociao economic environment. Baseline Environment, 3.9

d Activities to be undertaken under corporate social and environmental Environmental Management Plan, 5..1
responsibility. Please furnish details of activities that have been undertaken so fa
as per the EIA of the existing project. In case of failure to meet the responsibility,
what additional measures are being considered
10 Issues to be addressed in Environmental Management Plan

a Detaile of procurement of latest plant machineries well equipped with pollution Project Description, 2.5
control measures alongwith detailes of all polltion control equipments with their
working efficiency. Please furnish details of existing plant machineries and their
efficiency
b Environmental Management Plan during construction phase. Environmental Management Plan, 5.1
c Analysis of optimum use resources in the form of raw material, water, fuel, Environmental Management Plan, 5.2
energy, process optimization for more production and less waste generation,
preventive maintenance to minimize leakage and spillage and waste utilization
plan.
d Detailes of EMP at operational stage covering full details relating to solid waste Environmental Management Plan, 5.3.3 & 5.3.7
disposal.
e A detailed note on air pollution control measures at different emission points with Environmental Management Plan, 5.3.1
respect to air quality management.
f Analysis of design aspects, collection efficiency and emission norms from the Impact Assessment, Table 4.4
attached stacks of Air Pollution Control Equipments (APC)
g Discussions on management and disposal of solid waste and effluents Environmental Management Plan, 5.3.1
generated from these APC equipments. Please add a note on the current
practices being followed at the existing project.
h Fugitive dust emissions from the different storage and transfer points and the Environmental Management Plan, 5.3.1
haula road emissions and their detailed control aspects.
i Water management plan for most efficient use of fresh water. Project Description, Table 2 .7
j Wastewater management dealing with treatment methodologies and recycling Environmental Management Plan, 5.3.4 to 5.3.6
/reuse of treated wastewater. Comprehensive wastewater management plan to
achieve zero discharge norms.
k Creation of water harvesting ponds Environmental Management Plan, 5.2.6
l Details of solid waste inventorization, their characterization and their usage Environmental Management Plan, 5.2.7
m Steps taken towards non-generation of process hazardous wastes. Environmental Management Plan, 5.3.1
n Noise control devices with different equipments at design stage, protective Environmental Management Plan, 5.3.2
measures at work zone sites and supply of protective gears to affected
personnel.
o Rehabilitation measures for threatened categories of plants and animals. Please Not applicable as the exapansion will be done in non-
include information on rehabilitation measures that have been already adopted. agriculture and non-forest land
p Detailes of comprehensive plantation program covering allocation area, fund Environmental Management Plan, 5.3.12
allocation, selection of species and contingency plan. Please include a note on
the success or failure of plantation program undertaken so far.
q Details of peripheral development plan that would include development in Environmental Management Plan, 5.3.10
infrastructure, health, education and social cultural aspects. Please furnish
details of development plan already put into use.
r Details of EMP Cell with respect to monitoring laboratory, equipments, technical Environmental Management Plan, 5.4.3
manpower including their educational qualifications and experience in operating
the installed facilities and fund allocation.
s Details of monitoring program with respect to pollutant parameters and Environmental Management Plan, 5.4.4
monitoring schedule and reporting as per statutory requirements.
t Safety and disaster management plan with onsite emergency plan to deal with Environmental Management Plan, 5.4
accidents.
u Computation of Total Impact Score taking in to consideration environmental Impact Assessment, Table 4.14
degradation due to project implementation and consequent environmentqal
management plan followed by post project benefits.
v Delineation of Management Plan in relation to Air Pollution Accoustic Environmental Management Plan
Environment, Water Pollution, Land Environment and Biological Environment.
.4
ANNEXURE 1
Site Specific Micro Meteorological Monitored Data
Date Rain fall Rain fall Temperature C Humidity %

daily mm Month mm Min 0C Max 0C Min% Max %
January, 2007
1.01.07 Nil Nil 8.0 21.0 61.0 89.0
2.01.07 Nil Nil 7.8 20.5 53.6 89.0
3.01.07 Nil Nil 7.5 20.5 60 89.0
4.01.07 Nil Nil 7.5 21 56 89.0
5.01.07 Nil Nil 8.0 23.1 52.4 89.0
6.01.07 Nil Nil 8.0 24.9 45.3 89.0
7.01.07 Nil Nil 8.5 23.4 51.5 89.0
8.01.07 Nil Nil 7.5 24.3 51.0 89.0
9.01.07 Nil Nil 6.1 23.2 48.9 89.0
10.01.07 Nil Nil 7.0 22.9 48.5 89.0
11.01.07 Nil Nil 7.5 23 42.8 89.0
12.01.07 Nil Nil 8.4 23.1 42.4 89.0
13.01.07 Nil Nil 8.5 21.2 51.7 89.0
14.01.07 Nil Nil 7.4 21.4 40.3 88.0
15.01.07 Nil Nil 4.2 20.4 33.7 88.0
16.01.07 Nil Nil 3.4 20.9 37.0 88.0
17.01.07 Nil Nil 4.5 23.5 27.2 88.0
18.01.07 Nil Nil 8.0 22.9 33.0 88.0
19.01.07 Nil Nil 5.0 20.7 42.5 88.0
20.01.07 Nil Nil 7.6 21.4 43.8 88.0
21.01.07 Nil Nil 7.6 20.3 45.0 88.0
22.01.07 Nil Nil 7.2 21.7 44.6 88.0
23.01.07 Nil Nil 6.5 22.9 37.7 88.0
24.01.07 Nil Nil 8.5 25.9 35.0 88.0
25.01.07 Nil Nil 6.5 25.4 36.7 88.0
26.01.07 Nil Nil 7.4 25.3 38.7 88.0
27.01.07 Nil Nil 8.4 26.4 37.5 88.0
28.01.07 Nil Nil 8.6 27.7 39.0 88.0
29.01.07 Nil Nil 12.8 23.8 43.6 89.0
30.01.07 Nil Nil 10.8 25.7 50.9 89.0
31.01.07 Nil Nil 10.6 26.2 49.2 89.0
ANNEXURE 1

February, 2007
1.02.07 Nil Nil 11.0 24.0 62.90 89.0
2.02.07 Nil Nil 13.0 25.9 42.40 89.0
3.02.07 45.0 45.0 10.5 25.3 43.80 89.0
4.02.07 11.0 56.0 13.5 18.7 79.00 89.0
5.02.07 27.5 83.5 13.0 20.8 66.70 89.0
6.02.07 Nil 83.5 14.0 21.7 70.00 89.0
7.02.07 Nil 83.5 13.5 23.3 63.00 89.0
8.02.07 Nil 83.5 12.5 23.9 57.40 89.0
9.02.07 Nil 83.5 10.5 26.1 50.00 89.0
10.02.07 Nil 83.5 11.0 28.0 33.00 89.0
11.02.07 Nil 83.5 10.9 27.4 43.00 89.0
12.02.07 Nil 83.5 11.5 19.8 69.20 89.0
13.02.07 52.0 135.5 10.0 23.6 56.60 89.0
14.02.07 32.5 168.0 14.0 18.1 84.80 89.0
15.02.07 Nil 168.0 13.5 19.5 65.00 89.0
16.02.07 Nil 168.0 7.50 19.3 55.00 89.0
17.02.07 Nil 168.0 8.40 21.6 49.70 89.0
18.02.07 Nil 168.0 8.00 22.3 42.80 89.0
19.02.07 Nil 168.0 8.50 23.5 37.10 88.0
20.02.07 Nil 168.0 8.40 24.9 42.00 89.0
21.02.07 Nil 168.0 9.40 26.9 38.00 89.0
22.02.07 Nil 168.0 9.50 27.5 36.90 89.0
23.02.07 Nil 168.0 10.2 27.4 38.10 89.0
24.02.07 Nil 168.0 10.5 27.4 40.90 89.0
25.02.07 Nil 168.0 11.5 28.4 42.00 89.0
26.02.07 Nil 168.0 13.9 25.0 50.00 89.0
27.02.07 Nil 168.0 11.0 25.9 44.20 89.0
28.02.07 Nil 168.0 11.5 26.8 45.00 89.0
ANNEXURE 1

March, 2007
1.03.07 Nil Nil 11.0 21.5 70.60 89.0
2.03.07 Nil Nil 12.5 20.6 63.50 89.0
3.03.07 Nil Nil 10.5 25.9 43.90 89.0
4.03.07 Nil Nil 10.5 27.5 40.70 89.0
5.03.07 Nil Nil 13.4 25.4 48.30 89.0
6.03.07 Nil Nil 10.5 26.3 36.90 89.0
7.03.07 Nil Nil 10 25.6 33.10 89.0
8.03.07 Nil Nil 8.9 26.4 34.50 89.0
9.03.07 Nil Nil 9.0 28.3 32.50 89.0
10.03.07 Nil Nil 11.5 28.4 34.00 89.0
11.03.07 Nil Nil 11.5 29.2 41.00 89.0
12.03.07 Nil Nil 12.9 30.9 37.90 89.0
13.03.07 Nil Nil 15.5 31.9 37.00 89.0
14.03.07 Nil Nil 16 28.4 51.00 89.0
15.03.07 Nil Nil 12.50 28.4 41.00 89.0
16.03.07 Nil Nil 13.90 25.7 30.10 89.0
17.03.07 Nil Nil 8.00 26.6 34.80 89.0
18.03.07 Nil Nil 10.50 30 33.70 88.0
19.03.07 32.5 32.5 11.20 30.3 36.00 89.0
20.03.07 3 35.5 12.00 32.9 33.00 89.0
21.03.07 Nil Nil 14.30 32.2 34.60 89.0
22.03.07 Nil Nil 16.1 26 61.10 89.0
23.03.07 Nil Nil 17.5 29.9 47.00 89.0
24.03.07 Nil Nil 19 29 47.00 89.0
25.03.07 Nil Nil 18.5 28.0 59.60 89.0
26.03.07 Nil Nil 16.5 26.7 52.30 89.0
27.03.07 Nil Nil 16 27.3 62.30 89.0
28.03.07 Nil Nil 16 33.3 43.9 89.0
29.03.07 Nil Nil 14 35.1 22.5 89.0
30.03.07 Nil Nil 13.4 30 38.00 85.0
31.03.07 Nil Nil 12.5 29.4 42.30 88.4

CMCL Eia Emp

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CMCL Eia Emp

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Submitted on

February, 2008 DRAFT

Environmental Management Plan

Lumshnong, P.O. Khliehriat,

Prepared by Bhagavathi Ana Labs Ltd., Hyderabad

1.1 IDENTIFICATION OF PROJECT & PROJECT PROPONENT

Cement Manufacturing Company Limited (CMCL), a public limited company registered

1.2 PURPOSE OF THE REPORT

Bhagavathi Ana Labs Ltd., Hyderabad 1_1

1.3 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT

Salient Features of Project

Industrial Expansion Project

Nature of the Project (For the proposed modernization cum

1.4 SITE SELECTION CRITERIA

Bhagavathi Ana Labs Ltd., Hyderabad 1_2

• Availability of land and water.

1.5 NEED FOR THE PROJECT – DEMAND SCENARIO OF CEMENT

Table 1.1 Cement Consumption Pattern in India

Bhagavathi Ana Labs Ltd., Hyderabad 1_3

1.6 Scope of the Study

The scope of the study includes detailed characterization of various environmental

1.6.2 EIA Methodology

Environmental Impact Assessment study has been conducted within an area of 10 km

• Identification of significant environmental parameters and assessing the status

Bhagavathi Ana Labs Ltd., Hyderabad 1_4

• Evaluation of impacts after superimposing the predicted scenario over the

FIG-1.1 FLOW CHART - REIA/EMP METHODOLOGY

EIA / EMP METHODOLOGY

Preliminary Field Visit

Preliminary Environmental Screening

Environmental Impact Assessment

Environmental Management Plan

Bhagavathi Ana Labs Ltd., Hyderabad 1_5

1.6.3 Environmental Focus Areas

Bhagavathi Ana Labs Ltd., Hyderabad 1_6

2.1 GENERAL OVERVIEW

2.2 Project Location

The proposed modernization cum expansion project is situated at Lumshnong, P.O.

Bhagavathi Ana Labs Ltd., Hyderabad 2_1

Bhagavathi Ana Labs Ltd., Hyderabad 2_2

2.3 Proposed Schedule for Project Approval & Implementation

The Project Site Layout Plan is shown in Fig- 2.2

Bhagavathi Ana Labs Ltd., Hyderabad 2_3

2.4 Detailed Process & Technology Description

Bhagavathi Ana Labs Ltd., Hyderabad 2_4

List of raw materials to Physical and chemical Quantity Source of

2.4.2 Source and Availability of Raw Materials

• Latitude : 250 00’ to 250 30’

Bhagavathi Ana Labs Ltd., Hyderabad 2_5

The chemical analysis of limestone reveals the following:

Bhagavathi Ana Labs Ltd., Hyderabad 2_6

Sn Properties Percent by mass (%)

Bhagavathi Ana Labs Ltd., Hyderabad 2_7

Raw Material Grinding

Bhagavathi Ana Labs Ltd., Hyderabad 2_8

Bhagavathi Ana Labs Ltd., Hyderabad 2_9

2.5 Storage Area

Bhagavathi Ana Labs Ltd., Hyderabad 2_10

Bhagavathi Ana Labs Ltd., Hyderabad 2_11

2.6.1 Water Supply

Table 2.7: Water Requirement (m3 / day)

Purpose Water Requirement (m3 / day) Source Type

Bhagavathi Ana Labs Ltd., Hyderabad 2_12

Proposed Modernization and capacity upgradation measures at CMCL, Lumshnong:

The capacity of the mill shall be increased to meet the

Total investment cost Rs 7,108 Lakhs

Bhagavathi Ana Labs Ltd., Hyderabad 2_13

3.1 Study Area

Baseline ecological data was collected to identify any

Bhagavathi Ana Labs, Hyderabad 3_1

3.2 GEOGRAPHY AND GEOLOGY OF THE AREA

3.2.1 Topography, Geology & Hydrogeology

3.2.2 Drainage pattern

Bhagavathi Ana Labs, Hyderabad 3_2

3.3.1 Micro Meteorology

Bhagavathi Ana Labs, Hyderabad 3_3