Deepwater

Offshore

Shallow water
Not too long ago, shallow water would be described as up to 300400 feet 91121 meters) deep,
but nowadays anything under 1000 feet 305 meters) could be described as shallow water. [west
natuna basin]
Midwater

Midwater ranges from 10005000 feet 3051524 meters), although there still might be people that
would say 5004000 feet 1521219 meters) depending on their own personal experience and work
history.
Deepwater
Deepwater is considered to be anything more than midwater 4000/5000 ft or 1219/1524 meters)
but not ultra-deep. The top end of deepwater comes in at around 7000 feet 2133 meters). Just
like the shallow water definition creep over time, there was a time when even depths of 1000 feet
305 meters) were considered to be deepwater. This is an illustration of how we’ve evolved and
advanced technology over time.
Ultra-Deepwater
drilling between 700012000 feet 21343658 meters) at the time of writing. It won’t be surprising
to come back and edit these words in a few years time, with a few thousand extra feet added to
these figures.

Why Deepwater?

Approximately 70% of hydrocarbon reserve potential in Indonesia is located in the offshore API
2017. The deposits are larger accumulations and produce at higher rate due to better permeability
and constant pressure. this allow ultimate recovery rates and extended drainage life of reservoir.
moreover, the rising of onshore drilling costs making deepwater more attractive.

The Challenges of Deepwater Field’s Development in Indonesia

 Oil companies continue to push the boundary of deepwater drilling, but technology sometimes
trails their requirements

 Dealing with more challenges and high risk

 As we know that, deepwater fields are a highly specialized sector with many technical
challenges. According to Karloo 2007, there are various challenges on the Deepwater Fields
development. The deepwater sector has particularly shown an unprecedented cost increase
primarily due to deep water construction and installation vessels, drilling rates, high demand
for fabrication yards, equipment, and demand for experienced engineers and project managers.
The main attributes could be divided into the following sectors: 1 Drilling rigs, particularly
deepwater rigs, 2 Offshore installation and construction vessels, 3 Fabrication, 4
Engineering and Project Management, 5 Steel, 6 Equipment, 7 Construction Labor.

 As a result of that, increased demand for higher energy by the developing countries has
resulted in high oil prices which is a prime factor for the increase in capital development costs.
Beside of that, there are some specific challenges base on the case study on the deepwater
field’s development in Indonesia. One of them is the annular pressure buildup. Based on

Deepwater 1
 Rizkiaputra., et al 2016, for the subsea walls, the only accesible annulus is the annulus
between production tubing and production casing or linier. When trapped annular fluid heats
up, the fluid expands and will increase the annular pressure. Should the annulus between the
surface and production casing gets trapped, the pressure buildup on this annulus would put
the integrity of the well in jeopardy. Beside of that, the various interpretation of subsurface
behaviour is also the challenge of Deepwater development in Indonesia. According to
Kurniawan., et al 2015 in Kutei Basin, the subsurface description is challenging because the
field is a system of individual hydraulically discrete reservoir segments not all of which have
been penetrated. Furthermore, the results of characterizing and mitigating the risks have been
applied in the planning and execution of development wells during drilling campaign of the
case study. The depositional environment is challenging due to the number of separate
reservoir system included in a single development. Limited well control requires heavy reliance
on seismic interpretation of two different data sets.

References:
Kurniawan, D., et al. 2015. Deep Water Reservoir Characterization and Its Challenges in Field
Development Drilling Campaign, Kutei Basin, Indonesia – A Case Study. Nusa Dua Bali: SPE/IATMI
Asia Pacific Oil & Gas Conference and Exhibition.
Korloo, Jafar. 2007. Indonesia Deepwater Field Development Technical, Contracting, and
Execution Challenges. Nusa Dua Bali: SPE Asia Pacific Oil & Gas Conference and Exhibition.
Rizkiaputra, Ricko., Ronny Siregar and Teguh Wibowo. 2016. A New Method to Mitigate Annular
Pressure Buildup by Using Sacrifical Casing, Case Study: A Deepwater Well in Indonesia. USA
IADC/SPE Drilling Conference and Exhibition.

Dimana letak deepwater di Indonesia? Mana yang sudah berproduksi? mana yang dalam fasa pengembangan? mana yang
eksplorasi

 More reserves found and exploration activities occured in the estern part of indonesia mainly
deepwater project DJMIGAS2012

Produced

 Merakes field, Eni : First production gas 2021, makassar strait offshore east kalimantan
[https://www.offshore-mag.com/production/article/14202123/eni-delivers-first-gas-from-
deepwater-merakes-project-offshore-indonesia]

 Jangkrik Field, Eni : start production 2017 Muara Bakau working area, in Makassar Straits
offshore Kalimantan [https://ngsuyasa.wordpress.com/2014/03/05/deepwater-jangkrik-
complex-development-projects-at-muara-bakau-in-offshore-indonesia/]

 West Seno, first deepwater project

Pengembangan :

Indonesia deepwater development : Awalnya terdiri dari 3 blok migas yaitu makassar strait West
seno - operated, Maha field 81.6%, muara bakau 2.5%, gendalo 1.8%, Ganal Gendalo 98.2%,
Gehem 52%, dan Rapak Bangka, Gehem 48%
2019 : Makassar strait dipisahkan dari proyek IDD, West seno masuk ke kontrak Rapak [kontrak
Ganal 2027, Rapak 2028

 IDD Consist of Bangka field, Gendalo Hub, and Gehem Hub Bangka first production 2016
august). Gendalo and Geehm targeted produced in 2025.
[https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/news/202101071535214214246/eni-ditargetkan-ambil-alih-
proyek-gas-idd-chevron-di-q12021]

Deepwater 2
  Abadi field [masela block, Maluku] : Planned commercial operation date 2027 project status
preparation stage [https://kppip.go.id/en/priority-projects/refinery/abadi-field-development-in-
masela-block/]

 JAMBU AYE UTARA FIELD KRUENG MANE BLOCK, Targeted production 2022 [https://business-
indonesia.com/project-update-oil-gas/]

Final plan of development : kalimantan's kutei basin

Tambahan

Deepwater 3
 https://www.adlittle.com/sites/default/files/prism/Global_deepwater.pdf

Natuna Sea : Block A WD 80 m, Shallow water], Block B 250320 ft, shallow water], East
Natuna/D-alpha WD 145 m, Shallow water]

Deepwater 4