TUTORIAL - 1 (VARIABLE SEPARABLE METHOD)

1. Solve the following problems

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(a) Show that u = log x2 + y 2 satisfy the two dimensional Laplace equation.
(b) Verify u = e−9t cos wx is the solution of one dimensional heat equation.
(c) For what value of c , u = sin ct sin x satisfy one dimensional wave equation.
2. Define homogeneous and linear partial differential equation with suitable examples. Solve the following partial differ-
ential equations::

(a) ux = 2xy u (b) uyx = uy

(c) uyy = 0 (d) uyy = 9
(e) uxx = ux (f ) uxx = u
(g) uxx − 9ux + 3u = 0 (h) uxy = uy

3. Define partial differential equation with suitable examples. Using the method of separation of variables solve the
following partial differential equations:

(a) ux − yuy = 0 (b) uxx − 4uyy = 0

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(c) ux + uy = (x + y)u (d) xuxx − yuyy = 0
(e) xuxy + 2yu = 0 (f ) xuxy − yuyy = 0
(g) xuxx − yuyx = 0 (h) x2 uy − y 2 ux = 0
(i) ux + u = uy , u(x, 0) = 4e−3x (j) ux · uy − u2 = 0

nd
(k) y 2 u2x + x2 u2y = (xyu)2
(l) x2 uxy + 9y 2 u = 0 , u(x, 0) = 4e1/x

4. Use the separation of variables u(x, y) = f (x) + g(y) to solve the following partial differential equations:

(a) yux + xuy = 0 , u(0, y) = y 2 (b) u2x + u2y = 1

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TUTORIAL - 2 (WAVE EQUATION)
1. Derive one dimensional wave equation of string of length L which is fixing at the ends.
2. Find u(x, t) from one dimensional wave equation, with the boundary condition
u(0, t) = 0 = u(L, t) , initial deflection f (x) and initial velocity ut (x, 0) = g(x) .
3. Find the solution of one dimensional wave equation by D-Alemberts method.
R.

4. Derive two dimensional wave equation with necessary assumptions.

5. Find the solution of two dimensional wave equation in rectangular membrane with necessary initial and boundary
conditions.
6. Derive Helmholtz equation and then solve it using initial and boundary equation.
D.

7. What is Helmholtz equation on F (x, y) and solve it subject to F (0, y) = 0 = F (a, y) = F (x, 0) = F (x, b) .
Find the solution of the wave equation utt = c2 uxx corresponding to the triangular initial deflection
8. ( f (x) =
2kx/L if 0 < x < L/2
with its velocity zero and c = 1 .
2k(L − x)/L if L/2 < x < L

9. Find the deflection function(u(x, t) of vibrating string of length L = π , where c = 1 , initial velocity is zero and
0.01 π if 0 < x < π/2
initial deflection is f (x) =
0.01 (π − x) if π/2 < x < π

10. Find u(x, t) of vibrating string of length L = π , initial velocity g(x) = 0 , c = 1 and initial deflection is 0.1x(π − x)
11. Find the deflection function u(x, t) of the string of length where c2 = 1 , the initial velocity is zero and the initial
deflection is 0.01 sin 3x
12. A tightly stretched string with fixed ends x = 0 and x = L is initially at rest in its equilibrium position. Find
u(x, t) if it is set vibrating by giving to each of its points a velocity k (Lx − x2 ) .
13. Find the deflection u(x, y, t) of the membrane with a = b = c = 1 if the initial velocity is zero and initial deflection
is k sin πx sin πy
14. Find the deflection u(x, y, t) of the square membrane with a = b = 1 and c = 1 if the initial velocity is zero and
initial deflection is 0.1 sin 3πx sin 4πy .

15. Find the deflection u(x, y, t)of the   membrane with sides a and b with c = 1 if the initial velocity is zero
 rectangular
2π 3π
and initial deflection is sin x sin y .
a b

TUTORIAL - 3 (HEAT EQUATION)

1. Derive one dimensional heat equation ut = c2 uxx with necessary assumptions.
2. Find the solution of one dimensional heat equation ut = c2 uxx with initial temperature f (x) and boundary
conditions u(0, t) = u(L, t) = 0 .

3. Derive two dimensional heat equation with necessary assumptions.

4. Writing one-dimensional heat equation with corresponding initial and boundary conditions, solve it by using separation
of variables.
5. Solve one dimensional heat equation under the boundary condition ux (0, t) = ux (L, t) = 0

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6. Find the temperature in a laterally(insulated bar of length L whose ends are kept at temperature 0 , assuming that
x if 0 < x < L/2
the initial temperature is f (x) =
L − x if L/2 < x < L

7. Find the temperature u(x, t) , which is distributed laterally in a insulated copper bar c2 = 1.158 cm2 /sec , 100 cm

nd
long and of constant cross section whose end points at x = 0 and x = 100 are kept at 0o C and its initial temperature
is f (x) = sin3 (0.01)πx .
8. Find the temperature in a laterally(insulated bar of length π whose ends are kept at a zero temperature, assuming that
x if 0 < x < π/2
the initial temperature is f (x) =
π − x if π/2 < x < π
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9. An insulated rod of length L has its ends A and B maintained at 0o C and 100o C respectively until steady state
condition prevails . If B is suddenly reduced to 0o C find the temperature at a distance x from A at time t.
∂u
10. Find the solution of one dimensional heat equation such that u is finite at t → ∞ , = 0 at x = 0 and x = L
∂x
where u = Lx − x2 for t = 0 between x = 0 to x = L .
R.

TUTORIAL - 4 (COORDINATE SYSTEM)

1. Derive the Laplacian equation in Polar coordinate system and also write the expression for Cylindrical coordinates
system.
2. Derive the Laplacian equation in Cylindrical coordinates system from the Laplacian in Cartesian coordinates system .
D.

3. Solve the two dimensional wave equation by circular membrane method.

4. Write the Laplacian in spherical coordinates. Also write the potential function with boundary and condition at infinity
and obtain Legendre equation from it
5. Define potential function . Write down Laplace equation in Spherical form and solve it.

OR
Define potential function and find its solution by Spherical membrane.

TUTORIAL - 5 (FOURIER INTEGRAL AND TRANSFORM)

1. Prove that the Fourier Integral of an odd function is a Fourier Sine Integral.
2. Obtain the Fourier Integral formula from Fourier series assuming required conditions.
 3. What is Fourier Integral? Using it show that

0
 if x < −1
Z∞ 
 −1
1 cos ωx − ω sin ωx + 3 if −1<x<0
dω =
π ω 2
 if 0<x<1
0 
0 if x>1


4. Define Fourier Cosine and Sine Integral and hence show that the following;
Z∞ Z∞ (π
cos ωx π −ax cos(π/2)ω cos ωx cosx, |x| ≤ π/2
(a) 2 2
dω = e , a, x > 0 (b) 2
dω = 2
a +ω 2a 1−ω 0 |x| > π/2
0 0

Z∞  π/2
 if 0≤x<1
sin ω cos ωx
(c) dω = π/4 if x=1
ω 
0 if x>1

0

5. Find the Fourier Integral of the following functions;


(
 π/2
 if 0≤x<1
sin x if 0<x<π
(a) f (x) = (b) f (x) = π/4 if x=1
0 if x>π

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
0 if x > 1, x < 0

( (
k 2 − x2 if |x| < k |x| if |x| < π
(c) f (x) = (d) f (x) =
0 if |x| > k 0 if |x| > π

6. Find the Fourier Cosine integral representation of the function f (x) = e−kx for k > 0. Using it , find the Fourier

nd
1
Cosine Transform of the function f (x) = .
1 + x2
7. Define Fourier Cosine and Sine Transform of any function? Show that Fourier Sine Transform and its inverse are linear
operators.
8. Find the Fourier Cosine and Sine Transform of f (x) = e−ax for a > 0 and show that
Z∞ Z∞
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x sin mx π −m cos kx π
(a) dx = e , m > 0 (b) dx = e−k , k > 0
1 + x2 2 1 + x2 2
0 0

Z∞
−|x| ω sin ωx
9. Find the Fourier Cosine and Sine Transform of f (x) = e and hence evaluate dω
1 + ω2
0
−ax
e
10. Find the Fourier Sine Transform of the function , a > 0, x > 0 then show that
x
R.

Z∞ x π
tan−1 sin x dx = e−a .
a 2
0

11. Find the Fourier Cosine Transform of the following functions;

( (
cos x if 0<x<π x2 if 0<x<1
D.

(a) f (x) = (b) f (x) =

0 if x>π 0 if otherwise

12. Find the Fourier Transform of the following functions;

2 2 2
(a) f (x) = e−a|x| , a > 0 (b) f (x) = e−ax , a > 0 (c) f (x) = e−x /2 (d) f (x) = xe−x
( ( (
1 − x2 , |x| < 1 |x|, |x| < 1 xe−x , |x| < 1
(e) f (x) = (f) f (x) = (g) f (x) =
0 |x| > 1 0 |x| > 1 0 |x| > 1
13. Derive the formula for Fourier Transform and its inversion.
( Z∞
1, |x| < 1 sin x
14. Find the Fourier Transform represented by the function f (x) = and then evaluate dx.
0 |x| > 1 x
0

15. Define Convolution of two functions . State convolution theorem on Fourier Transform . Verify convolution theorem
on Fourier Transform by choosing the suitable example.
16. Find the Fourier Cosine Transform of f (x) = e−x for x > 0 and hence by using Parseval’s identity show that
Z∞
dx π
2 2
= .
(1 + x ) 4
0