STUDENTS INDUSTRIAL WORK

EXPERIENCE SCHEME
(SIWES)
TECHNICAL REPORT

BY

OBAGUNWA DARE TEMITOPE

141101001

FACULTY OF PHARMACY,

UNIVERSITY OF LAGOS

UNDERTAKEN AT
LAGOS UNIVERSITY TEACHING HOSPITAL (LUTH)
DURATION: 2MONTHS

(22ND Oct – 21TH Dec 2018)

 CERTIFICATION
This is to certify that this report is a detailed account of the Student Industrial Work
Experience Scheme (SIWES) undertaken by OBAGUNWA DARE T. at LAGOS
UNIVERSITY TEACHING HOSPITAL, IDI ARABA for a period of 2month and has been
prepared in accordance to regulation guiding the proportion of reports in the
Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lagos

STUDENT’S NAME AND SIGNATURE DATE

SIWES SUPERVISOR NAME AND SIGNATURE DATE

SIWES SUPERVISOR DEAN OF FACULTY

ASSOCIATE PROF. UKPO PROF. AINA
(DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY) FACULTY OF PHARMACY, UNILAG
FACULTY OF PHARMACY, UNILAG
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to acknowledge and show my Profound Gratitude to all those
that have contributed in small and great ways to the overall success of my Hospital
Pharmacy Training Programme in LUTH pharmacy department. Especially in the
aspect of Work ethics, Behavioral attitude to work and Discipline. I will not forget
my Gained experiences and how you Impacted me Mentally and Academically in
the short run.

INDUSTRY BASED SUPERVISOR (LUTH)

PHARM. JEGEDE (ORKCEP)
PHARM. ADAMU-ABDULKADU HAUWA (ORKCEP)
PHARM RUBY EDET (STAFF CLINIC PHARMACY)

INSTITUTION SUPERVISOR
ASSOCIATE PROF. UKPO
(DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY, FACULTY OF PHARMACY,
UNILAG)
 TABLE OF CONTENT
Cover Page i
Certification ii
Acknowledgement iii
Table of Content iv
- INTRODUCTION………………………………………………...5
1.1.PURPOSE OF TRAINING
1.2.BRIEF OVERVIEW OF LUTH
1.3.PHARMACY DEPARTMENT

- TRAINING PROGRAMME………………………………… 11
2.1. OVERVIEW OF TRAINING EXPERIENCES

- OBSERVATIONS AND CONTRIBUTIONS

3.1. OBSERVATION
3.2. CONTRIBUTIONS
3.3. CHALLENGES ENCOUNTERED DURING PERIOD OF TRAINING

- CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION……………….

4.1. CONCLUSION
4.2. RECOMMENDATION

- REFERENCES……………………………………………………
1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 PURPOSE OF TRAINING

The Student Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES) was initiated in
1973 by the Industrial Training Fund (ITF). This was to update practical knowledge
of students in the Universities, Polytechnics and Colleges of Technology.

It was aimed at bridging the gap between the theoretical knowledge

acquired in classes and technical knowledge in the industry by providing students
with the opportunities to apply their educational knowledge in real work situations.
Over the years, SIWES has contributed immensely to building the common pool of
technical and allied skills available in the Nigeria economy which are needed for the
nation’s industrial development.

Furthermore, the place and relevance of SIWES is underscored by the fact

that the scheme contributes to improving the quality of technical skills generally
available in the pool from which employer’s source technical manpower Its gives
student the opportunity to blend the theoretical knowledge acquired in the
classroom and with practical hands-on application of knowledge required to
perform work in the industry. Also, it prepares students for employment and makes
the transition from school to the world of work easier after graduation.

I undertook my SIWES at Lagos University Teaching Hospital (Pharmacy

Department) which is located at Idi araba, Surulere Lagos Nigeria from October to
December 2018.

Pharmacy is the science and technique of preparing and dispensing drugs. It

is a health profession that links health sciences with chemical sciences and aims to
ensure the safe and effective use of pharmaceutical drugs.
 The scope of pharmacy practice includes more traditional roles such as
compounding and dispensing medications, and it also includes more modern
services related to health care, including clinical services, reviewing medications for
safety and efficacy, and providing drug information. Pharmacists, therefore, are the
experts on drug therapy and are the primary health professionals who optimize the
use of medication for the benefit of the patients.

1.2 BRIEF OVERVIEW OF LUTH

Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH), which is a popular Teaching

Hospital in Lagos Nigeria. It’s established in 1962 and also one of the twin
organizations (alongside College of Medicine of the University of Lagos) established
by the Federal Government of Nigeria for the education and training of Medical
personnel (Undergraduate & Post-graduate) as well as for providing specialized
medical care for patients. It is situated at idi araba -surulere, Lagos state.

It’s a tertiary health institution which is made up of several departments:

Internal Medicine, Psychiatry, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dentistry, Paediatrics,
Oncology, Radiodiagnosis, Surgery, Laboratory Medicine and Allied services
(Medical Social services, Nursing services, PHARMACY, Physiotherapy).

ABOUT THE HOSPITAL

LUTH VISION

- Providing Excellent services of International standard in patient care,

training and research
LUTH MISSION

- To develop professional skilled and Motivated staff to provide excellent services,

training and research using appropriate technology through partnership with
the private sector and other stakeholders, in an environment-friendly manner

1.3 PHARMACY DEPARTMENT

The Pharmacy Department is distributed into several units across LUTH. It’s
primarily responsible for the proper supply of medicines alongside proper storage
and distribution throughout the hospital. They (Pharmacist) mostly work alongside
the physicians and Nurses in the Patients wards in giving the Right Medications,
Right Dose and Right drug counselling to the Right Patients.

The majority of hospital Pharmacists are involved in patient Pharmaceutical

Care which is the responsible provision of drug therapy for the purpose of achieving
definite outcomes that improves a patient’s quality of life. These outcomes are the
cure of diseases, elimination or reduction of a patient’s symptomatology, arresting
or slowing of a disease process or preventing a disease. They also involve in
dispensary management, medicine information, aseptic compounding and
medication safety.

PHARMACY UNITS IN LUTH

o EMERGENCY UNITS
- Accident and Emergency Units
- Children Emergency Units
o In-Patient Pharmacy Unit
- IPP Unit
- Staff Clinic Pharmacy Unit
o Out-Patient Pharmacy Unit
- Yaba Out-Patient department
o Drug Production Unit
o Oncology Pharmacy Unit
o A Block Pharmacy Unit
o C Block Pharmacy Unit
o APIN (AIDS preventive initiative) Pharmacy Unit
o Theatre Drug Unit
o Guinness Eye Center Pharmacy Unit
o Pharmacy Main Store
ORGANOGRAM OF THE PHARMACY DEPARTMENT

DIRECTOR OF PHARMACEUTICAL SERVICES

DEPUTY DIRECTOR OF PHARMACEUTICAL

SERVICES

PRINCIPAL PHARMACIST

SENIOR PHARMACIST

PHARMACIST

CHIEF PHARMACY TECHNICIAN

SENIOR PHARMACY TECHNICIAN

PHARMACY TECHNICIAN

INTERN PHARMACIST

SIWES STUDENT
2.0 TRAINING PROGRAMME

2.1 DESCRIPTION OF TRAINING EXPERIENCES

During my SIWES training at LUTH pharmacy, I carried out my training
program in two pharmacy departments. i.e. ORKCEP (Olikoye Ransome-Kuti
Children Emergency Pharmacy) and Staff Clinic Pharmacy.

- CHILDREN EMERGENCY PHARMACY

I resumed work at the Children Emergency Pharmacy Department on the 22 nd

OCT, 2018. On the first day, I was introduced to the operations and activities in the
Unit. Before the end of the day, I got familiarized with the Unit and Drugs present
in the Pharmacy. The Children Emergency Unit deals with Child Patients in Wards
(I.e. Olikoye Ransome-Kuti Children Emergency Ward, D1, D2, D3, E. They attend to
Patients in the ward by dealing with their treatment sheet which contains their
profile, Drugs prescribed by the physician. These Treatment sheets are sent to the
pharmacy for review and dispensary of the drugs prescribed to respective patients
in the ward.

I learnt about the proper routine of attending to Prescriptions

(Interpretation, Assessment and Dispensing and Counseling), I went through most
of the Prescriptions to Check for its completeness and accuracy. Learning
extensively about the component of a prescription. On a daily basis, I learnt while
carrying out the Desk work Activities in the Unit. As I was allowed to Assess,
Dispense and counsel some patients, all under the supervision of the pharmacist-in-
charge.

During my training period in this department, I learnt how to carry out actual
drug compounding, initially by checking for the drug suitability/stability in Syrup in
the official book, how to calculate the required number of tablets and volume of
syrup to be used for the formulation, and also the various compounding ethics and
labelling. I was also allowed to compound some drugs(tablet) needed to be
formulated into syrup formulation under the supervision of the pharmacist.

No of Tablet = Prescribed drug strength × Daily dosing × (Duration of use + 1)

Available drug strength

Volume of Syrup = 2.5ml × Daily dosing × (Duration of use + 1)

Where; Duration of use is usually 2 weeks(14days) and the +1 is for calculation in

excess for spillage, Prescribed drug strength is the amount in mg of the drug
prescribed by the doctor, Available drug strength is the amount in mg in which
the drug usually comes as, Daily dosing is the frequency of drug usage in one day.

Also, the First day of the Month, we as a Unit go to the wards to carry out the
headcount of the patients currently in the ward, Recording and Updating their Data
and their diagnosis so as their Medications obtained from their case file. At the End
of the month, I alongside the Pharmacists took Stock count of all the drugs in the
unit which is an end-of-the-month routine in the pharmacy. At the Later End of my
Training Programme in ORKCEP (Precisely my 3rd week), I was once privileged
alongside my other SIWES colleague to join the Medical student alongside with the
Consultant for a ward-round in ORKCE ward, I was able to learn new Medical
Knowledge where I learnt about the SOAP format used for documentation, drug-
drug interaction, adverse effects and also intervened and contributed in the
process of learning.

o STAFF CLINIC PHARMACY

After 3weeks training at ORKCEP, I was transferred to the Staff Clinic

Pharmacy Department for the rest of my Training Programme in LUTH. I was
orientated on the operations and Activities been carried out in the unit.
Staff clinic Pharmacy is under the Family Medicine department where they
deal with General Out-Patients under the:
A. NHIS (National Health Insurance Scheme) I.e. Government and Non-
Government Workers, LUTH workers and alongside Students under TISHIP
(Tertiary institution social health insurance scheme) who are under this scheme
can access good and effective Health care services at an affordable cost through
various prepayment systems. Those under this scheme contribute monthly or
annually to the pool in which the Collective money is been used to subsidize
Health cost for all beneficiaries.
B. Fee Paying Patients I.e. Those that aren’t under the NHIS. Here, Patients would
have to pay in full for their drugs

Some of the available Drugs are NHIS fully covered or partially covered while
some are not covered at all. NHIS Beneficiaries would have to pay 10% of their total
drug cost while the remaining 90% would have been covered by the Health
Insurance Scheme.

On resumption, every morning except Wednesdays (No clinic days), I do attend

the Health Talk meeting (where Health Practitioners alongside Pharmacists educate
and counsel Gathering of Patients on recent trends of Diseases and About Personal
Hygiene). Under the supervision of pharmacists, I participated in Prescriptions
Assessment, dispensing and sometimes Counselling of Patients. Also, toward the
end of every working hours, I’m assigned the job of inputting the patient’s data and
prescription records into the system for record purposes as it made me learn the
Importance of Documentation in Pharmacy.

I got familiarized with the classes of Drugs present in the Unit day by day. During
my work period here at Staff clinic pharmacy, I was made to read up, do some
findings and present on a topic, "The Recent Trends in the Management of
Hypertension" and also talk about 5 drugs on a daily basis (their Indications,
Interactions and side effects)
 RELATION OF WORK EXPERIENCE TO THEORY LEARNT IN
SCHOOL.
With Respect to theory learnt in school:

- I was able to link the compounding technique learnt in pharmaceutics to the

compounding of drugs I carried out in Children Emergency Pharmacy. In
which I learnt new calculation methods of compounding.
- I was able to carry out adequate pharmaceutical care and resolve drug
therapy problems, also counselled several patients on how and when to use
their medications.
- I was able to appreciate Pharmaceutical care more after we visited the
patient’s wards on a ward-round with consultants i.e. checking on them,
assessing their treatment sheet and intervening where necessary in their
medication
- I was able to learn more about drug-drug interaction and drug-food
interactions and side effects of drugs based on what I learnt in Clinical
Pharmacy and Pharmacology.
3.0 OBSERVATIONS AND CONTRIBUTIONS

3.1 OBSERVATIONS
As a student, my first observation was the cognition of the difference
between the “school environment and its activities” and the “Work Environment
and Activities”, as it is a different ball game entirely. I observed that a Hospital
Pharmacy does not look like a classroom environment where lectures are being
taught. It’s a place where one practice what he/she has learnt in the classroom.
Also, a Place where you have the Opportunity to learn while you delivering services
to the patients in relation to unusual Clinical problems, uncommon Drug
interactions and side effects.

Also observed that a Hospital pharmacy practice is one of the best fields of
Pharmacy where one can have a vast knowledge of many disease cases and their
different pharmacological approach of treatment, Knowing the patients and having
their drug profile and history assessable to the pharmacist. Also, Drug companies
come around to present on their new development of drugs and indication of their
products, their interactions, side effects and superiority over other products which
helps to improve Learning and awareness of their products.

3.2 CONTRIBUTIONS
My contributions were shown in my work done and services as a SIWES
student. I was able to maximize the Job efficiency and work output in my Posted
Units by assisting in carrying out the desk work activities of the pharmacy such as
aiding the work rate of the pharmacists by Assessing, Dispensing Prescriptions, and
Counseled Patients under Supervision, Stock counting and Compounding of Drugs
into Liquid formulation. Thereby speeding up the job completion process and
reducing the workload of the working Pharmacist in the units

Also, assisted in putting into the Hospital records, the Patient’s data and their
drugs information.
3.3 CHALLENGES ENCOUNTERED DURING PERIOD OF TRAINING
Some of the challenges I encountered during my SIWES programme are:

 Costing and Filling the prescriptions but as time went on, I was able to get

accustomed to the system, prices and calculations of the number of tablets the

patient will use for a particular duration indicated.

 Short-staff number of Pharmacists available, which results in much more work-

load on an individual pharmacist, slowing down the rate of delivering services to

the patients. Which could lead to frustration on both ends

 Shortage of drugs and Slow Supply of “out of stock” drugs and so in these cases,

I had to write out the outstanding drugs for the patient so they could purchase

outside.

 Understanding some doctors’ handwriting was another problem I encountered

but I was able to sort out this problem with the help of the pharmacists.

 Errors in costing due to sudden changes in prices of drugs, wrong dosage,

strength etc.

 Dealing with difficult patients in terms of attitude and impatience. With a

positive attitude towards work, I was able to deal with this.

4.0 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATION

4.1 CONCLUSION
My Two months Training as a Pharmacy Student at Lagos University Teaching
Hospital (Pharmacy Unit) was a huge success and a great time of acquisition of
knowledge and skills. It brought a more practical approach to the knowledge of
pharmacy and was an eye-opening to the scope of hospital pharmacy practice
including their roles, responsibility in the health care system in large. Through my
training, I was able to appreciate my chosen course of study (Pharmacy) even more,
because I had the opportunity to blend the theoretical knowledge acquired from
school with the practical hands-on application of knowledge gained here to
intervene in Patient-related Clinical Problems that contributed in a way to my
productivity in the organization. My training here has given me a broader view to
the importance and relevance of Pharmacy in the immediate society and Hospital,
as I now look forward to joining my future colleagues to improving the Pharmacy
Profession positively after graduation. A wide variety of experiences was acquired
with relation to Prescription Interpretations & Assessments and Dispensary, Drug
interactions and Pharmaceutical care.

I have also been able to improve my communication and presentation skills

and thereby developed a good relationship with Pharmacist and Interns at work
and majorly with the patients. I have also been able to appreciate the connection
between my course of study and other health-related disciplines in achieving a
common goal of the Patient’s interest.
4.2 RECOMMENDATIONS
With Respect to Challenges stated above:

I use this means to make the following recommendations.

Firstly, I recommend that Technology should be much more improved upon

in the aspect of storage of medical records of patients present in the wards, and for
also the “HospiPharm” software used in assessing & costing of prescriptions should
be frequently updated in other to obtain the trends of drugs available in the
Hospital and their current prices.

Also, recommend that the Government should employ more qualified

Pharmacists in other to make work Easier, Faster and more Accurate. They have
insufficient or no time at all in proper supervision and engagement of trainees. And
also, I recommend that the Government should provide accountants or financial
specialist who would be in charge of providing the cost of drugs and also the bill of
the patients as a full-time job thereby allowing the pharmacist to focus solely on
patient drug therapy and pharmaceutical care in order to improve the quality of
healthcare and life in general.

Allowances should be paid to students during their programme just like NYSC
and not after. This would help them a great deal to handle some financial problems
during their training course.
 REFERENCES
 Students industrial work experience scheme guide to successful participation
in SIWES by Olusegun A.T. Mafe.

 EMDEX; The complete drug formulary for Nigeria’s Health Professionals.

2017-2018 edition

 BNF for Children: British National Formulary 2017-2018 edition