Carburetors

The name itself comes from the first carbide lamps that used a small hole to
drip water on carbide rocks. This produced a gas that was fed through another
small hole and was burned. The use of precise holes to deliver a burnable fuel
is similar to the motorcycle carburetor, thus the name.

The motorcycle carburetor is a very touchy device that can cause all kinds of
trouble if mishandled or neglected. It is VERY expensive to have a dealer
overhaul an old carburetor but is well within the skill level of most garage
mechanics.

Honda used two basic types of carburetors, CV and slide both made by the
Keihin company. The CV type, Constant Velocity or Constant Vacuum, uses
pressure to raise the throttle slide where a cable is used in the slide model.

A carburetor is a device that controls both the amount of air and fuel that is
allowed into the cylinders. The amount of air is controlled by a butterfly valve
(CV) or a vertically moving throttle slide. The amount of fuel is controlled by
the drop in pressure in the throat of the carburetor and the size of the holes
that allow the fuel in.

Things you need:

● clean work surface that will not be disturbed

● carb cleaner, one can should do
● clean rags
● oil catch pan
● toothbrush or similar brush
● wood dowel rod and toothpicks
● standard set of tools
● compressed air source
● typical manual such as Clymers, Haynes or Chilton

Typical carburetor overhaul:

1) Turn the tank petcock to off and drain the fuel from the lower bowl of the
carburetor. Caution: the bowl screw may be fused to the bowl from neglect so
dont force it. The carburetor is made of aluminum and will not take rough
treatment very well and will strip, mar or even break if too much force is
used. If the fuel has been left in the bowl for a long time it will give off a very
strong characteristic odor. Discard the fuel properly. Small amounts of old
fuel may be burned, which in itself may take some effort to light it!

2) Disconnect the carb from the hard rubber engine sleeve and the air box.
Disconnect all cables and fuel lines. If your carburetor is a slide type you may
need to return to the slide you just removed at a later time.

NOTE: If you are just starting out in the wide world of motorcycle repair, it
may be wise to attach labeled tape to all things removed for future reference. I
didnt for my first carburetor rebuild and really boobed it up! A small
notebook will also help out if you make notes.

NOTE: If your bike has 2 or 4 carbs that are ganged together, do not separate
them but leave them in a group.

3) Set the carburetor on your work surface with a shop towel underneath.
Remove the 4 bowl screws and tap on the bowl with the handle of your
screwdriver until it drops off, it may stick. Remove the bowl drain screw and
check its washer. Many times this washer is damaged and will need replacing.
Clean the bowl.

4) Now you get your first look at the damage! If this carb, like so many, has
been sitting in the bike for years without use, it will be all gummed up or even
corroded! The lighter components of gasoline tend to vaporize off leaving the
heavier ones, also known as varnish.

5) FLOAT:
Remove the float pin. If it does not want to come out, you
need to heat it up. I use a heat gun but a small torch or even
matches will work. Caution: remember that this IS gas and it
is flammable! I dont recommend that you beat on the small
pin to remove it since the two posts that hold it in place are
aluminum and will break! The float will be brass or plastic
depending on the age of the bike. If brass, inspect for holes or major kinks in
the hollow float and replace if found. The plastic float does not suffer from
these problems but may be cracked and need replacing.

NOTE: carburetor rebuild kits can be purchased from a dealer and will usually
have all the parts needed to replace worn or damaged items. Although most of
the time I find such a kit is not needed, I would hold off until you know for
sure.

6) FLOAT VALVE and SEAT:

The small torpedo shaped piece of metal hanging from the float is
the float valve. Clean it up and check if the nipple-like pin in the top
(closest to the float) moves in and out freely. If it doesnt, soak it in carb
cleaner until it moves freely. This spring driven nipple serves as a shock
absorber to hold the valve in place. Check the beveled end of the valve for any
grooves from wear. If you can see one clearly you may want to replace it.
Later valves have a rubber beveled end and normally are OK.

The float valve seat is the round brass hole that the float valve sits in. Clean
and check it for wear. The seat can be screwed in, fitted with a washer or even
pressed in (no removal) so check before removing.

7) FUEL JETS:
The term jet refers to any device, normally brass on motorcycles, that has
a small hole. Your carb can have 2, 3 or even 4 jets depending on the
model and year. Remove the small brass jet(s). They may be screwed in (they
have a hex shape top) or pressed in (round top shown above). The pressed in
type normally has a small leaf spring holding it in. Caution: all brass parts can
be damaged easily with force! Soak these jets in carb cleaner and make sure
the jet is clear. Forcing something hard through the small jet hole can cause
damage to the hole. If needed use a soft material like a toothpick. Each jet will
be marked with a number, check it against the manual.
NOTE:check your manual to see if the jets are of the right number

8) JET HOLDER:
Underneath the jets are brass tubes called jet holders.
They make sure the jet is in the proper position and
allow air to mix with the fuel. Flip over the carb and press on the two holder
ends with a wood dowel rod to remove them. Soak these in carb cleaner and
make sure all openings are clear.

9) PILOT (SLOW) JET:

There will be one final jet in this area, the pilot or slow jet. This jet
controls the fuel while the bike is idling and is normally in the worst
condition. It can be found under a rubber plug and has a slotted head that can
be screwed out. This baby has to be super clean! Soak it and blow compressed
air through it until clear. PROBLEM: the pilot jet wont open up! This happens
a lot and can be troublesome. You have two options; 1) buy a new one or 2)
buy a carb jet cleaning set (offered in Dennis Kirks Catalog). The cleaning set
is actually a set of small wires that can be used to push through the jet
carefully. The other thing that can be used is a guitar string, sorry I dont
remember which one.

10) AIR SCREW:

On the side of the carb, sometimes the bottom, the air screw can be
found. Gently screw the air screw in and note how many turns it takes
to gently bottom out. This information may be helpful later.The air
screw works with the pilot jet to supply low idle mixture to the engine.
Remove it and watch out for a spring, metal washer and rubber washer. Make
sure it is clean.

11) THROTTLE SLIDE:

The throttle slide is the main device to determine the
amount of fuel the engine receives. If you have a CV
carb, remove the 4 screws on the top of the carb and
remove the throttle slide. Inspect the rubber
diaphragm for tears and clean the slide with carb cleaner. Any tears in the
rubber warrants a new slide. Clean and inspect the needle extending from the
bottom of the slide. It should show no grooves or nicks. This needle fits into
the main jet holder sometimes called the needle jet found in the bottom of the
throat of the carb.

If you have a slide carb, go back to the bike and inspect the throttle slide still
hanging from the cable. Clean it and the needle. Place both back in the carb
and check to see that the slide moves freely and has no hangups. If it does,
clean again with 0000 steel wool. Clean and check the inner wall of the carb
also.

12) MAIN BODY:

You now have to clear out all of the fuel and air passeges that tunnel through
the main body of the carb. Spray carb cleaner into all holes and passegeways
that you can find (place the oil drip pan under the carb to catch the overflow).
Now blow compressed air into the same holes to ensure that they are clear. If
one does not blow clear it may be a dead end, there are several. If one is
clogged there is little to do but soak and blow since most of the channels
make right angle turns and pushing through a wire is not possible.
NOTE: some people will soak the entire main body in a solvent at this time.
Caution: if you do soak the unit make sure the solvent will not damage the
aluminum body.

13) FINAL CHECK and ASSEMBLY:

Clean the outside of the carb body with carb cleaner and a toothbrush. If all
passeges are clear, all jets, valves, holders and slide are clean, reassemble the
carb.

Points of interest:
a) make sure the gasget for the CV slide diaphragm is in its proper groove
b) the jet holders are pushed fully in and seated
c) the jets are firmly in place and the pilot jet is screwed in
d) spring, washer and rubber washer for the air screw are in place
e) the bowl gasket is in place

14) ADJUSTMENTS:
If you have a brass float, set it to the specs in the manual. Set the air screw to
the number of turns also stated in the manual. If the air screw turn value is not
available, use the number you noted when taking it out. On the slide carbs
there is an idle set screw on the side of the carb. Set it so it just touches the
slide.

Theory of use:
When the pistons of the engine
move downward, they draw in air.
This air is pulled through the throat
of the carb and causes a drop in
pressure. This drop causes the fuel
to be drawn upward through the jet
like a straw. When at idle, the main
jet is closed by the needle hanging
from the slide and supplies no fuel.
Instead the drop in pressure causes the fuel to be drawn up through the tiny
pilot jet. Since the jet is a set diameter it will only allow a set amount of fuel
and thus a set idle. The air screw allows air to be mixed with this fuel and can
change the idle speed slightly. The final idle adjustment comes from the
butterfly valve (CV) or throttle slide position. Adjusting these devices
controls how much air passes and thus the position of the throttle slide and
main jet opening (because of the needle position). When the throttle is
opened, the slide moves up and the main jet opens allowing more fuel to enter
the throat. By the way, the pilot jet always supplies its fuel no matter what the
main jet is doing. Some bikes have a secondary jet that supplies fuel in an
intermediate range between idle and higher throttle settings.

The float does just that and floats on a bowl of fuel. If too much fuel enters
the bowl it starts to push on the float valve that closes off the fuels entrance.
When enough fuel is used the float drops enough to allow the valve to open
and allow in more fuel.

Possible problems:

● If too much fuel is entering the engine, the float valve may be set too
high allowing fuel to enter the throat of the carb. Another sign of this
may be fuel running from the drain tube. Sputtering and misfires may
result.
● If not enough fuel is getting to the engine the opposite may be true.
Typical symptoms are poor running and no power when throttle is
opened. Also check the fuel petcock and make sure there is no
obstruction.
● If fuel slowly leaks from the bowl lip, the bowl gasket is probably torn
and needs replacing.
● If the bike will not idle, the pilot jet most likely needs cleaning. Also
check the number of turns the air screw was turned out, usually about 1
turn out is average.
● If poor engine running presists check the connection of the carb to the
rubber sleeve on the engine. This connection must be tight.
● the engine races at a very high speed and will not idle down. This is
usually caused by the throttle slide (slide type of carb) being put in
improperly.
● pilot jet keeps cloging up time after time. This may result in rust or
sediment in the fuel tank. Install an in line fuel filter.