29.principles of Teaching, Steps in Extension Teaching.

28. Principles of teaching, steps in extension teaching.
i. The learner should subscribe to and understand the purpose of the course
ii. The student should want to learn
iii. The teacher should keep friendly and informal relationship with learner
iv. The Physical condition should be favourable and appropriate to the learning
v. The teacher should involve the learners so that they participate and accept some
responsibility for the learning process.
vi. The teacher should use of the learners experience
vii. The teacher should prepare well for the class, should keep his teaching aids handy and
should be enthusiastic about teaching it.
viii. The teacher of instruction should be varied and appropriate
ix. The teacher should change his notes with the availability of new knowledge on the topic
of subject.
Steps in extension teaching
Extension teaching is a planned and deliberate act on the part of the extension agent.
The extension agent has to move step by step in a scientific way to impart training to the
clients who are farmers, farm women, and rural youth. The role of the extension agent is that
of a facilitator and motivator. Though details of the procedure may vary from situation to
situation, there are some steps which are basic to extension teaching. These are presented
below as suggested by Wilson and Gallup (1955).
Satisfaction
Action
Conviction
Desire
Interest
Attention
Step 1: Getting the ATTENTION of the learner
The first step in extension teaching is to make the people aware of the new ideas and
practices. The people must first know that a new idea, practice, or object exists. This is the
starting point for change. Until the individuals’ attention have been focussed on the change
that is considered desirable, there is no recognition of a problem to be solved or a want to be
satisfied. Teaching methods may be used at this stage are mass methods likeradio, TV,
exhibition etc and personal contact by the extension agent, contact through local leaders.
Attention: The first task of the extension worker is to attract attention of the learner to the
new and better ideas. Farmers are to be made aware of the improvement.
Step 2: Stimulating the learner’s INTEREST
Once the people have come to know of the new idea, the next step is to stimulate their
interest. This may be done by furnishing them more information about the topic in a way they
will be able to understand and use. It is necessary to present one idea at a time, relevant to
their needs. The important teaching methods at this stage are personal contact by extension
agent, contact through local leaders, farm publications, radio, TV, etc.
Interest: Once attention has been captured it becomes possible for the teacher to appeal to
the basic needs or urges of the individual and arouse his interest in further consideration of
the idea. Extension worker reveals now that practice will contribute to the farmer’s welfare.
The message should be presented attractively.
Step 3: Arousing the learner’s DESIRE for information
It means unfreezing the existing behaviour and motivating the people for change. At
this stage it is necessary to emphasise on the advantage of the new idea or practice. Visit to
demonstrations, farm publications, personal contact by the extension agent, group discussion
etc. are important at this stage.
Desire : The desire is concerned with the continuing learner’s interest in the idea or better
practice until that interest becomes a desire or motivation force. The extension worker
explains the farmer that the learner visualizes the action in terms of his own peculiar situation
and has acquired confidence in his own ability to do the thing.
Step 4: CONVINCING the learner for action
It is the stage of strong persuasion so as to convince the people about the applicability
of the new idea or practice in their own situation and that it would be beneficial for them. The
people are furnished with adequate information about the idea and how it works. Field day or
farmers’ day, slide show, personal contact by the extension agent and training are important
at this stage.
Conviction
Action follows desire, conviction of the people, and prospects of satisfaction. In this step, the
learner knows what action is necessary, and just how to take that action. He also makes sure
that the learner visualizes the action in terms of his own peculiar situation and has acquired
confidence in his own ability to do things.
Step 5: Getting ACTION by the learner
This is the stage of putting the idea or practice into operation. Small scale
demonstration with supply of critical inputs may be set up in real life situation of the
individuals who come forward. This provides the opportunity of direct experience on the part
of the learners. At this stage it is necessary to collect evidence of change such as change in
yield, income, employment etc. Demonstration, personal contact by the extension agent,
supply of critical inputs and ensuring essential services are important at this stage.
Action
Unless conviction is converted into action the efforts are fruitless. It is the job of the
extension worker to make it easy for the farmers to act. If new control measure is action
oriented, the recommended chemical should be available within the farmers reach. Necessary
equipments should also be available. If action does not quickly follow the desire the new idea
will fade away. Therefore this phase should never be neglected.
Step 6: Making sure that the learner obtains SATISFACTION from his action
To produce lasting change, the extension efforts should produce satisfying results.
Satisfaction may come from high yield, more income, better health etc. A satisfaction
reinforces learning and develops confidence, which generates motivation for further change.
To sustain the changed behaviour, it is necessary to furnish new and relevant information
about the practice on a continued basis, till change in the practice itself is felt necessary.
Satisfaction
This is the end product of the process. Follow-up by the extension worker helps the farmers
to learn to evaluate their progress and strengths. Satisfaction helps to continue his action with
increased satisfaction. Satisfaction is the motivating force for further learning. "A satisfied
customer is the best advertisement" will also apply to the extension worker.
The above six steps are often blend in with each other and lose their clear cut identify.
Of course these steps are based on motivation.
Use of mass media, local leaders, and personal contact by the extension agent are
important at this stage. Availability of critical inputs and essential services are also to be
ensured. It must be understood that the above six steps in extension teaching often blend in
with each other and lose their clear-cut identity. There is similar overlapping in the extension
methods used to advance each of the different steps; all methods are not equally effective for
different stages in this process; nevertheless, one method may, under certain condition,
contribute to several steps.

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28. Principles of teaching, steps in extension teaching.

Steps in extension teaching

Step 1: Getting the ATTENTION of the learner

Step 2: Stimulating the learner’s INTEREST

Step 3: Arousing the learner’s DESIRE for information

Step 4: CONVINCING the learner for action

Step 5: Getting ACTION by the learner

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