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    Solutions: Grain Cargoes

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    Kirtishbose Chowdhury
    1. When loading bulk grain carriers, many factors must be considered including stresses on the vessel from the cargo, proper trim, and preventing list. 2. To comply with stability requirements for loading grain, the chief officer must calculate heeling moments and load the cargo to minimize heeling by filling as many holds as possible. 3. When choosing a partly filled compartment, the one with the smallest heeling moment, width, and that is 75% or 25% full should be selected to reduce the heeling moment.

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    Solutions: Grain Cargoes

    Uploaded by

    Kirtishbose Chowdhury
    65 views3 pages
    1. When loading bulk grain carriers, many factors must be considered including stresses on the vessel from the cargo, proper trim, and preventing list. 2. To comply with stability requirements for loading grain, the chief officer must calculate heeling moments and load the cargo to minimize heeling by filling as many holds as possible. 3. When choosing a partly filled compartment, the one with the smallest heeling moment, width, and that is 75% or 25% full should be selected to reduce the heeling moment.

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    1. When loading bulk grain carriers, many factors must be considered including stresses on the vessel from the cargo, proper trim, and preventing list. 2. To comply with stability requirements for loading grain, the chief officer must calculate heeling moments and load the cargo to minimize heeling by filling as many holds as possible. 3. When choosing a partly filled compartment, the one with the smallest heeling moment, width, and that is 75% or 25% full should be selected to reduce the heeling moment.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    65 views3 pages

    Solutions: Grain Cargoes

    Uploaded by

    Kirtishbose Chowdhury
    1. When loading bulk grain carriers, many factors must be considered including stresses on the vessel from the cargo, proper trim, and preventing list. 2. To comply with stability requirements for loading grain, the chief officer must calculate heeling moments and load the cargo to minimize heeling by filling as many holds as possible. 3. When choosing a partly filled compartment, the one with the smallest heeling moment, width, and that is 75% or 25% full should be selected to reduce the heeling moment.

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    of 3

    Solutions: Grain Cargoes

    1. State the factors to be taken into account when loading grain with regards to:

    i) stresses;

    ii) trim;

    iii) list.

    Stresses – shear force, bending moment, spread equally, loadicator to monitor the stresses

    Trim- stern trim all times, stripping,

    List- vessel upright, torsional stress – could lead to structural failure, draft surveys

    2. A Panamax bulk carrier has been chartered to load grain. As a chief officer, describe
    the procedure to ensure that the vessel complies with the statutory requirements in
    relation to grain heeling moments.

    The heeling moment of the ships are to be kept as small as possible.


    This is done by having as many holds as possible completely filled with grain

    1. calculate maximum quantity to be loaded.


    2. load to have maximum number of filled hold
    3. consider vessel drat, trim & stresses
    4. Cargo weight divide SF = volume /depth of cargo
    5. find out the volumetric heeling moment for each hold
    6. multiply the volumetric heeling moment by an appropriate factor to compensate the
    rise of G
    7. divide the corrected volumetric heeling moment by SF to obtain heeling moment
    which are weight heeling moment. Add up to obtain total heeling moment.
    8. compare the total heeling moment with allowable heeling moment from grain stab
    booklet.
    9. Total heeling moment > allowable heeling moment go back to step 2.
    10. Total heeling moment < allowable heeling moment proceed further to stability
    calculations.

    The allowable heeling moments are the maximum permissible heeling moments for a
    particular condition beyond which it will be dangerous for the ship to proceed out to the
    sea in that condition of displacement and KG.
    The allowable heeling moments decreases with an increase in KG due to reduction in GM
    and consequently stability.
    3. List the factors to be considered when choosing a compartment that is to be a partly filled
    with bulk grain.

    1. If there is a compartment which is partly filled, choose one which has the smallest
    heeling moment.
    2. Has the smallest width
    3. Compartment is either 75% full or which is 25% full.

    The heeling moment for that hold will reduce substantially.

    4. With reference to the IMO International Grain Code 1991, explain the requirements in
    relation to the document of authorization.

    A document of authorization shall be issued for every ship regulation VI/9; loaded in
    accordance with the regulations of the International Code for the Safe Carriage of Grain
    in Bulk either by the for the Safe Administration or an organization recognized by it or by
    a Carriage of Grain Contracting Government on behalf of the Administration. in Bulk,
    section 3
    The document shall accompany or be incorporated into the grain loading manual
    provided to enable the master to meet the stability requirements of the Code.
    A ship without such a document shall not load grain until the master satisfies the
    Administration, or the Contracting government of the port of loading on behalf of the
    Administration, that the ship will comply with the requirements of the International Grain
    Code in its proposed loaded condition.

    5. State under what condition can bulk grain be loaded on a vessel that does not have a
    document of authorization.

    A ship not having on board a document of authorisation may be permitted to load bulk
    grain provided that:

    1. A total weight of the bulk grain shall not exceed 1/3 of the deadweight of ship.
    2. All filled compartment, trimmed, shall be fitted with centreline division extending,
    for the full length of such compartments, downwards from the under side of the deck
    or hatch cover to a diet below the deck line of at least 1/8 breadth of the
    compartment or 2.4 m whichever is the greatest.
    3. All hatches to filled compartment, trimmed shall be closed and covers secured in
    place.
    4. All free grain surfaces in partly filled cargo spaces shall be trimmed level and
    secured in accordance with A16, A17, or A 18.
    5. Throughout the voyage the GM after correction of FSE of liquids in tank shall be not
    less than 0.3m
    6 The master demonstrates to the satisfaction of the Administration of the loading port
    on behalf of the Administration that the ship in its proposed loaded condition will
    comply with the requirements of this section.
    6. With reference to the IMO International Grain Code 1991, elaborate on the stowage
    of bulk grain.

    For the stowage of bulk grain, the following should be complied with:
    1. All necessary and reasonable trimming shall be performed to level all free grain surfaces
    and to minimize the effect of grain shifting;
    2. In any filled compartment, trimmed, the bulk grain shall be trimmed so as to fill all
    spaces under the decks and hatch covers to the maximum extent possible;
    3. In any filled compartment, untrimmed, the bulk grain shall be fitted to the maximum
    extent possible in way of the hatch opening but may be at its natural angle of repose
    outside the periphery of the hatch opening;
    4. If there is no bulk grain or other cargo above a lower cargo space containing grain, the
    hatch covers shall be secured in an approved manner having regard to the mass and
    permanent arrangements provided for securing such covers.
    5. When bulk grain is stowed on top of closed ‘tween-deck hatch covers which are not
    grain-tight, such covers shall be made grain-tight by taping the joints, covering the
    entire hatchway with tarpaulins or separation cloths, or other suitable means;
    6. After loading, all free grain surfaces in partly filled compartments shall be level.

    7. Describe the construction of an over stowing arrangements in a partially filled


    compartment. Explain the purpose of such arrangements

    1. Firstly, the free surface shall be level and shall be covered with a separation cloth or
    equivalent or by a suitable platform. Such platform shall consist of bearers spaced not
    more than 1.2m apart and 25mm boards laid thereon spaced not more that 100mm apart.
    Platforms may be constructed of other materials provided they are deemed by the
    Administration to be equivalent.
    2. The platform or separation cloth shall be topped off with bagged grain tightly stowed and
    extending to a height of not less than 1/16 of the maximum breadth of the free surface or
    1.2m, whichever greater;
    3. The bagged grain shall be carried in sound bags which shall be well filled and securely
    closed;

    4. Instead of bagged grain, other suitable cargo tightly stowed and exerting at least the same
    pressure as bagged grain may be used.

    Overstowing arrangements is one of the methods employed to eliminate or reduce heeling


    moments in partly filled compartments

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