Addictive and

Dangerous Drugs Part 2

 Addictive and
Dangerous Drug Part 2

Copyright 2001
Bureau of Nonformal Education
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION,
CULTURE AND SPORTS

All rights reserved. No part of this module may be reproduced in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and
retrieval system, without the prior written permission from the publisher.

Published in the Philippines by:

Bureau of Nonformal Education

Department of Education, Culture and Sports
3/F Mabini Bldg., DECS Complex
Meralco Avenue, Pasig City, Philippines
Tel. No.: (02) 635 – 5189 Fax No.: (02) 635 - 5191
 What Is This Module About?

You are now going to study Part 2 of

Have you studied Part 1 of
the module Addictive and Dangerous
this module? Can you still
Drugs. This is on preventing drug
remember the different
abuse. It will help you identify the
types of addictive and
factors which contribute to the use
dangerous drugs? What
and abuse of addictive and dangerous
about their effects? If you
drugs. It will also teach you how to
have finished Part 1, I’m
respond to the problem of drug
sure that you know all these
abuse.
verywell.

This module is divided into two lessons:

♦ Lesson 1 — Reasons Why People Use Addictive and Dangerous
Drugs
♦ Lesson 2 — How to Respond to the Problem of Drugs

1
 What Will You Learn From This Module?

After studying this module, you should be able to:

♦ explain the reasons why people use addictive and dangerous drugs;
♦ identify the factors or conditions which lead to drug abuse;
♦ discuss methods of preventing drug abuse; and
♦ identify ways of helping people who use addictive and dangerous drugs.

Let’s See What You Already Know

Before you start with the module, try and answer the following questions. This
will determine how much you already know about the topics that we will discuss.
A. Indicate whether the statements below are correct or incorrect. Put a
check mark (4) under the appropriate column for each statement.
Statement Correct Incorrect

1. Most people use addictive and dangerous

drugs because they want to experiment.

2. Most often, young people use addictive and

dangerous drugs due to peer pressure.

3. Growing up in a chaotic home

environment or in a broken family
can lead to drug abuse.

4. Family problems, such as violence in the

home, cannot cause a person to use addictive
and dangerous drugs.

5. Drug dependency is a condition that cannot

be cured.

2
B. Indicate with a check (4) the phrases that describe the contributing factors that
lead to drug abuse.
______1. Having friends who use drugs
______2. Knowing how to cope with problems and stress
______3. Lacking adequate family support
______4. Engaging in wholesome, productive and fulfilling activities
______5. Being curious or interested in experimenting with drugs
C. Indicate whether the statements in the table below are preventive or
rehabilitative solutions to drug abuse. Put a check mark (4) under the
appropriate column (preventive or rehabilitative) for each statement.

Solution Preventive Rehabilitative

1. Educating people about the

effects of addictive and
dangerous drugs
2. Counseling
3. Medical care for health
problems caused by drug abuse

4. Holding forums and seminars

about addictive drugs
5. Psychiatric care

Well, how was it? Do you think you fared well? Compare your answers with those
in the Answer Key on pages 38–39 to find out.

If your answers are all correct, very good! This shows that you already know
much about the topic. You may still study the module to review what you already
know. Who knows, you might learn a few more new things as well.

If you got a low score, don’t feel bad. This only means that this module is for
you. It will help you understand important concepts that you can apply in your daily
life. If you study this module carefully, you will learn the answers to all the items in
the test and a lot more! Are you ready?

You may now go to the next page to begin Lesson 1.

3
 LESSON 1

Reasons Why People Use Addictive and

Dangerous Drugs

In Part 1 of this module, we learned about the effects of addictive and dangerous
drugs on our body and mind. We learned that drug abuse weakens a person physically,
mentally, emotionally and socially. Despite this, many people still use addictive drugs.
What may be their reasons? Can these reasons justify drug abuse? This lesson will
help us answer such questions.
After studying this lesson, you should be able to:
♦ explain the reasons why people use addictive and dangerous
drugs; and
♦ identify the circumstances or factors which contribute to
drug use and abuse.

Let’s Try This

Are you ready to have fun solving a puzzle? Look at the box below. It contains
some of the major reasons why people use addictive and dangerous drugs. Find these
key words in the puzzle on the next page. They may be found horizontally, diagonally,
vertically or in reverse. An example has been given to guide you.

Problems Stress Peer pressure Family

Experiment Environment Curiosity

To calm down Enjoyment Parents

4
 A C D P R O B L E M S U N O P R O B E C
M W Y B I F A M S Z H G R E K Q X L X Y
E R U S S E R P R E E P U W E A B C P T
N M O M C U R I O S I T Y K O E W M E Z
J F H Q E O P X Z M T X A Z C V T U R P
O E A K K M O P W Q B R K M B N O P I E
Y M B M G B P Q X Z G V E E O D S K M R
M L A D I S X P A R E N T S H B A Z E O
E O P X A L M E E T S E W O S M X Y N Q
N V B Z O G Y N E N V I R O N M E N T P
T O C A L M D O W N K O R B E T A B A M

Did you find all the key words? If yes, good! If not, look at the Answer Key on
page 40 to help you out.

Let’s Read

The use of addictive and dangerous drugs has become a widespread phenomenon
in the Philippines. As a matter of fact, it is one of our country’s worst problems. In
finding a solution to the problem, we must know what factors put a person at risk of
drug abuse. Study the pictures that follow to know some of the reasons why people
use addictive and dangerous drugs.
This is Richard Olaguer. He is 15 years old He learned how to use drugs from his
and he comes from a poor family. He has mother. All of his family use drugs. They
been using addictive and dangerous drugs use solvent, sometimes cough syrup or
since childhood. rugby, and even marijuana. Richard was
often beaten up by his Uncle Leo, so he ran
away.

5
Richard now roams the streets. He has no home. His problems seem to disappear when
he uses drugs. His favorite is the 40 ml or 60 ml cough syrup called Phydol because it
is cheaper than siopao. Richard says that the cough syrup is better if he drinks beer or
brandy afterward.

This is 21-year-old Amalia Conde from She buys solvent from her earnings. This
Anibong, Tacloban City. She went to Manila helps her forget about her miserable life.
because she was promised a job. However, She was brought to a Rehabilitation
because she had no money she became a Center and her treatment had already
prostitute. She earns three to five hundred started. However, she ran away and went
pesos from customers who take her to back to using drugs. Once she is under
cheap motels. the influence of drugs, she hurts herself
by burning different parts of her body
with a cigarette. She now uses cocaine.

6
 What did you feel after reading the story of Richard and Amalia? Do you want to
be like them? Explain your answer.
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________

Let’s Review

Answer the following questions.

1. When did Richard start using drugs?
__________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. Why did he use drugs?
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
3. What kind of drugs did he use?
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
4. What does he feel when he is under the influence of drugs?
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
5. Why did Amalia decide to go to Manila?
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
6. Did she find a good job there?
________________________________________________________________________
7. What happened to her after arriving in Manila?
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________

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 8. How does Amalia temporarily solve her problems?
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
9. What kind of drugs does she use?
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
10. Is there a remedy for her addiction?
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
Do you want to know if your answers are correct? You may compare them with
those in the Answer Key on page 40.

Let’s Learn

Addictive and dangerous drugs are often used because of the following reasons:
♦ Family problems — These may include lack of adequate parental
supervision, absentee parents, no one to talk to about problems, violence in
the family and physical or sexual abuse.

8
♦ Peer pressure — This refers to the influence of friends who are using
drugs or who want to try drugs. This is the most common reason why young
people use addictive and dangerous drugs.

♦ Curiosity or interest in trying out drugs — Some young people want

to know how it would feel to use drugs.

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♦ To experience the sensations of joy and enjoyment induced
by drugs.

♦ Having poor role models during one’s childhood — This means growing
up in an environment where the parents and/or other family members are
drug users.

10
♦ To relieve stress, anxiety and boredom — People who are under stress
and tension sometimes resort to drugs for relief. Those who are bored
because they have nothing to do also sometimes experiment with drugs.

♦ To forget or get away from problems — Some people see drugs as an

escape from their problems.

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♦ Lacking self-importance — There are those who, under the influence of
drugs, feel a false sense of self-importance, belongingness and positive self-
image which they lack in real life.

♦ Desire to experiment — Some people, especially those who are young,

become drug addicts as a result of their desire to experiment with different
kinds of drugs.

12
 Read the list below to better understand the circumstances or factors that can
lead to drug abuse.
Factors or circumstances that can lead to drug abuse
♦ Having parents or family members who use drugs
♦ Having friends who use drugs
♦ Growing up in an environment of illegal drug use
♦ Wanting to show one’s independence and willingness to take risks
♦ Having little interest in academic and spiritual goals
♦ Seeing oneself as being at odds with society
♦ Having no clear concept of what is right and wrong
♦ Perceiving a lack of parental support
♦ Having low self-esteem
♦ Being unable to cope with one’s problems
♦ Having suffered trauma and emotional crisis (such as the long-term
psychological effects of physical and sexual abuse)
♦ Having been a drug user during one’s teens
♦ Being unemployed and not having any other form of recreation and activity
♦ Using drugs to help one adjust to one’s job schedule (This may apply to
drivers, writers, actors, etc., who work long hours or have very hectic or
irregular schedules.)
♦ Using drugs to boost one’s strength and energy
♦ Wishing to relieve stress or anxiety
♦ Liking to experiment

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 Let’s Try This

Let’s see if you have understood the previous discussion. Try to solve the
crossword puzzle below.
1

4 5 6

Across
1 Who can influence young people to use addictive and dangerous drugs?
4 Some people become drug addicts because they want to __________ with
different types of addictive drugs.
6 People who have suffered _________ or emotional crisis such as physical
and sexual abuse may resort to the use of illegal drugs.
7 This is one factor that can lead to drug abuse. It refers to the surooundings
or situation a person grew up in.
9 In our earlier story, Richard Olaguer’s ________ taught him how to use
addictive and dangerous drugs.
Down
1 Most people who have strong and positive bonding with their ________
don’t resort to drugs. This is because they are open and they communicate
with each other.
2 Some people use addictive drugs to relieve ______ or anxiety.
3 One reason why people use addictive drugs is because they are _______.
They want to find out the effects of addictive drugs.
5 Most drug users have ________. They use addictive and dangerous drugs to
solve them.
8 In Richard Olaguer’s story, who beat him up?
Were you able to complete the puzzle? You may compare your answers with
those in the Answer Key on page 40.

14
 Let’s Study and Analyze

Pepito’s Life

Pepito was an only child. His parents were both working. His mother was the
vice president of a bank, while his father was the director of a government agency.
Most of the time, they were not home due to business engagements. They seldom saw
each other because of their busy schedules.
Pepito started using drugs at the age of 14. He tried drugs because he wanted to
know its effects. He acquired drugs from friends in the neighborhood. From
experimenting with drugs, he became a regular drug user. He started to conduct drug
sessions with friends. They were the ones who made him feel secure and accepted. He
went to them when he had problems.
Pepito’s parents did not know that their child had been using drugs. Pepito had
tried different drugs. The truth was, he used shabu, a stimulant which can boost a
person’s energy.
One day, a police officer called Pepito’s parents. He had terrible news for them.
He informed them about Pepito’s tragic death. Pepito died from a drug overdose. It
was learned that during a drug session, Pepito took different kinds of drugs at the
same time. His parents were shocked at the news. They never suspected that their only
son was a drug addict.
Based on the story, cite five (5) reasons why Pepito used addictive and dangerous
drugs.
1. _________________________________________________________
2. _________________________________________________________
3. _________________________________________________________
4. _________________________________________________________
5. _________________________________________________________

Compare your answers with those in the Answer Key on page 41.

15
 Let’s Remember

People use addictive and dangerous drugs for many reasons. Common factors
which contribute to drug abuse include:

Family — Drug use is common among individuals who have family problems
such as communication problems, lack of love and security, and domestic
violence.
Friends — One of the common reasons why people learn how to use addictive
and dangerous drugs is through the influence of friends.
Environment — If a person grew up in an environment where drug use is
common and accepted, he or she may also use drugs.

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 LESSON 2

How to Respond to the

Problem of Drugs

After knowing the effects of drug abuse and the reasons behind its occurrence,
what do you think can you do? Do you know of a solution to the drug problem? Do
you know of any program or activity which could reduce the incidence of drug abuse
in your community? What are the possible treatments for drug users and addicts? In
this lesson, you will learn that everyone can make a contribution to fight the drug
problem.

After studying this lesson, you should be able to:

♦ discuss methods of preventing drug abuse; and

♦ identify ways of helping people who use addictive and dangerous drugs.

Let’s Think About This

Study the slogan below.

DRUGS!
Prevention is better than cure.
Explain what the slogan means.
_______________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________

You may compare your answer with the sample answer in the Answer Key on page 41.

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 Let’s Learn

In many countries around the world, governments and communities have realized
that one of the best ways of responding to the drug problem is reducing or preventing
the factors which encourage drug abuse. This means stopping the problem of drug
abuse before it actually begins or preventing more people from becoming drug
addicts. This involves educating people on issues concerning the different types of
addictive and dangerous drugs and the ill effects of drug abuse. Drug education
campaigns include putting up posters, setting up forums and seminars, educational
programs in schools, videos, brochures, and advertisements in newspapers, radio and
television that educate people about drugs.
Other prevention programs are designed to enhance “protective factors” and
reverse or reduce known “risk factors.” Protective factors are those that decrease the
possibility of drug use. Risk factors are those that increase the possibility of drug use.
Examples of these factors are shown below.

Protective Factors Risk Factors

(should be encouraged or enhanced) (should be reduced or reversed)

♦ Strong and positive familial ♦ Chaotic home

bonds environment, particularly that
in which parents abuse
♦ Parental monitoring and drugs or suffer from
support mental illness
♦ Clear rules of conduct ♦ Ineffective parenting,
that are consistently especially children with difficult
enforced within the temperaments or conduct
family disorders
♦ Active involvement of ♦ Lack of social
parents in the lives of their interaction and nurturing
children
♦ Poor social and coping skills
♦ Affiliation with peers
who use addictive and
dangerous drugs
♦ Approval of drug-using
behaviors in the family, work,
school, peer or community
environments

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 Let’s Think About This

From the list on page 18, we can see that parents play an important role in preventing
drug abuse. Note that many of the factors listed have to do with parents and the family.
Given these risk and protective factors, what then might parents do to prevent
or reduce the risk of drug use?
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
Look at the sample answer in the Answer Key on page 41.

Let’s Read

Below are some general rules to follow in order to avoid drug abuse.

Eight Ways to Avoid Drug Abuse

1. Avoid people who you know use addictive and dangerous

drugs.
2. Maintain good physical and mental health.
3. Understand your own self; accept and respect yourself for what
and who you are.
4. Develop your potentials; engage in wholesome, productive and
fulfilling activities.
5. Learn to relate effectively with others.
6. Have somebody with whom you can communicate your
problems freely.
7. Learn to cope with your problems and other forms of stress
without using drugs.
8. Develop a strong moral and spiritual foundation so you can say
NO to drugs if tempted by your friends.

Can you think of other things a person can do to avoid the use and abuse of drugs?

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 _____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
Compare your answers with the sample answers in the Answer Key on page 42.

Let’s Learn

Individuals, families and groups can do much to reduce the problem of drug abuse
in their communities. They can do the following:
1. Be informed about all kinds of drugs. Accurate information can help you
understand the drugs you and your family are using, so as to avoid abusing
such drugs. Knowing the bad effects of a drug also helps a person avoid it.

illegal drugs

prescribed drugs
2. Think about the drugs you and the rest of your family use, as well as when
and why they are used. Think about any family problems that might lead to
drug abuse – consider also social, sexual, financial or health problems.

illustration/pics

20
3. Talk to each other about your problems. Family communication is
important. You can also try talking with a priest or religious leader, a
barangay official, a neighbor, friends and other responsible individuals.

4. Look for alternatives to drug use and encourage everyone to use other
healthier ways to relax or deal with difficulties. Many problems like stress,
anxiety, boredom and even physical pain can be relieved without using drugs.
Alternatives to drug abuse include engaging in sports or any other worthwhile
hobbies.

21
5. Get active in your community to help prevent drug problems. Talk to the
local school, church, community group, sports club or parents’ association
about programs to increase drug awareness..

6. Get advice and help if you or anyone in your family has a problem with
drugs. Remember, there are many people and organizations who can help.

22
7. Push for legislation against the use of illegal drugs. This means
encouraging the enactment and enforcement of laws against drug abuse. The
providers and suppliers of illegal drugs should be punished. There should be
laws safeguarding the health of the people. If there are existing laws, they
should be implemented.

The following are critical areas for prevention:

♦ Family Relationships: There should be good family communication,
discipline, and firm and consistent rule-making by parents of young children.
Parents need to take an active role in their children’s lives, including warning
them about addictive and dangerous drugs. They should monitor their
children’s activities, get to know their friends and understand their children’s
problems and personal concerns without abusing their children’s privacy.
♦ Peer Relationships: The person should be able to choose his/her friends
wisely, preferring those who have no vices such as drug abuse. He/She
should also learn to say “no” or refuse the offers or suggestions of his/her
peers to try drugs. It is much better to engage in sports and other wholesome
hobbies or activities with friends than experiment with drugs. The person
should be able to improve communication skills and enhance positive social
behaviors by engaging in athletic activities or joining clubs or organizations.
♦ School Environment: The school should encourage academic performance
and strengthen positive values among their students. Curriculums should
support the students’ development in social skills. Students should also be
taught about the negative effects of addictive and dangerous drugs.
♦ Community Environment: The community should be involved in the fight
against addictive and dangerous drugs. It should engage in civic, religious, law
enforcement and government organizations. Community-based programs, such
as advertising restrictions and drug-free school zones, can also contribute to
the prevention of drug abuse.

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 ♦ Drug Education and Drug Awareness: This involves conducting forums,
seminars and activities that focus on addictive and dangerous drugs
campaigns. These activities may be carried out in coordination with
organizations, private, religious and school sectors. These activities may
also encourage rehabilitated victims of drug abuse to speak about the
dangers of using addictive and dangerous drugs.

Let’s Review

Let’s see if you have understood our previous discussion. Write T if the sentence
is true and F if it is false. Write your answer in the blank before each sentence.
_____1. Drug education in secondary schools is an example of a preventive
solution to the problem of using addictive and dangerous drugs.
_____2. Having parents who are understanding and open to their children could
prevent the use of addictive drugs in the family.
_____3. A person who is well-informed about the harmful effects of addictive
and dangerous drugs will use these drugs.
_____4. The community has a role in preventing the use of addictive and
dangerous drugs.
_____5. Drug education can be promoted in the community through forums and
seminars against the use of addictive drugs.
_____6. One way an individual could prevent drug use is by focusing on other
activities, such as sports.
_____7. Having friends who use addictive drugs could encourage you to use
these drugs.
_____8. Trying out a drug just once is a safe and effective way to find out its
effects on the human body.
_____9. The best resource speakers for drug education campaigns are
rehabilitated victims of addictive drugs.
_____10. The best way a family can help prevent the use of addictive and
dangerous drugs is to avoid talking about the issue of drugs at home.

You may compare your answers with those in the Answer Key on pages 42–43.

24
 Let’s Think About This

Look carefully at these illustrations.

25
Answer the following questions.
1. How will you describe the illustrations on the previous page?
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
2. Where can you see advertisements like these?
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
3. What message do these advertisements portray about addictive drugs such as
cigarettes and alcohol?
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
4. Do you think that such advertisements promote the use of drugs? Why or
why not?
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
5. In some countries such as Thailand and Australia, advertisements about
smoking and alcohol have been banned. Do you think the Philippine
government should also ban advertisements on smoking and alcohol? Should
we prohibit our television, newspapers and billboards from advertising
addictive drugs? Explain the reasons for your answer.
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
Compare your answers with those in the Answer Key on page 43.

26
 You can discuss your answers with your Instructional Manager or Facilitator. You
can also discuss these with a member of your family, a friend or co-learner. Do they
agree or disagree with your answers? Why or why not?

Let’s Read

Helping Victims of Drug Abuse

Even with a strong drug-prevention program in our community, there may still
be victims of drug abuse who need help. What can we do to help drug addicts and
other victims of drug abuse?
Let’s study the case of Gia. She was a supermodel in the late1970s to the
1980s. Let us read her story.

Gia Marie Carangi came from a broken family. She became a model at
the age of 17. She eventually became one of the most sought-after fashion
models because of her aggressive and wild look.
When she hit stardom, she experienced a lot of pressure in her work.
She also had a love affair with her female makeup artist which did not work
out. Even though she was very famous and popular, she felt very lonely in
private. Ever since her parents’ separation, she had been longing for her
mother’s affection. She had difficulty coping with her situation which made her
unruly, unpredictable and wild. She would walk away in the middle of her
pictorials and not attend her appointments.
She had a friend who introduced her to a drug user. That was the start of
her drug use which eventually led to drug addiction. She tried using “coke” or
cocaine. She used drugs before and after pictorials. She became so
dependent on drugs that she was “stoned” even during pictorials. She also
experienced “shakes” (shaking of the body once the drug effect runs out)
when she was not under the influence of drugs. After using cocaine, she
moved on to using narcotics such as morphine and heroin which she took by
injection using syringes. In 1982, she tested positive for AIDS (Acquired
Immune Deficiency Syndrome). According to doctors, she got the virus from
using unsterilized syringes.
Gia died in August 1986 due to AIDS.

27
 Let’s Review

Answer the following questions.

1. What kind of addictive drug did Gia start using?
__________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
2. Why did she start using addictive drugs?
__________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
3. What other factors contributed to her drug dependency?
__________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
4. Did Gia’s drug dependency affect her work? How?
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
5. What did Gia experience when she was not under the influence of drugs?
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
6. What were the addictive drugs she tried afterward?
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
7. What kind of treatment should Gia have undertaken to avoid being sick with
AIDS?
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________

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 8. Do you think Gia would still be alive today if she had been treated
earlier? Why?
__________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
9. Who do you think could have encouraged Gia to undergo treatment? Why?
__________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
10. Do you agree or disagree that drug abusers can still be treated? How?
__________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________

Do you want to know if your answers are correct? Go to the Answer Key on page 44.
You can also discuss your answers with your Instructional Manager or Facilitator,
with members of your family, friends or co-learners. Do they agree or disagree with
your answers? Why or why not?
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________

29
 Let’s Learn

If there are drug abusers, there are also medical services and rehabilitation
centers that will help cure them of their addiction, and prevent them from becoming
drug dependents. These centers provide the following services:
♦ Preventive services such as forums and seminars on the different types of
addictive drugs, their harmful effects, and possible measures that the family
and community can take to prevent drug abuse.

♦ Early intervention such as drug education campaigns, drug testings and

health screening programs (e.g., chest X-rays to pick up early signs of health
damage) which can detect drug abusers. Early identification of drug abusers
can help their families, schools and communities provide necessary
measures to address the problems and needs of the drug abusers, and/or to
adopt appropriate treatments for drug dependency.

30
♦ Rehabilitative services such as medical care and psychiatric care for drug
abusers. Medical care includes hospital confinement until the drug user has
recovered from the harmful effects of addictive drugs. Psychiatric care
involves looking into the mental condition of a drug dependent. It includes
consultation with psychologists, psychiatrists and even taking medications
as treatment for the damaging effects of addictive drugs on the person’s
mental health. Some addictive drugs such as cocaine, shabu, and marijuana
may severely affect the mental condition of a person and may even result in
brain damage or severe mental disorders. Long-term treatment includes
counseling, regular checkups, home visitations and family group therapies.
Family group therapy is a counseling method that requires the participation
of a drug user’s family as support for the treatment of the drug dependent.

Let’s See What You Have Learned

Answer the following questions.

1. What medical treatment and rehabilitative services are available for drug
users in your community? (You may need to look or ask around in your
community to answer this question.)
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________

31
 2. How can these services help fight the problem of drug abuse in your
community?
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
3. How can you participate in solving the problem on addictive and dangerous
drugs in your community?
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
Have you finished answering the review test? If yes, you can compare your
answers with those in the Answer Key on pages 44–45.

Let’s Think About This

Drug abuse is not only a problem of the individual drug user or his/her family, but
of the entire nation as well. Over the past 20 years, there has been an increasing
population of drug users and abusers. It is possible that all communities have drug
dependents and are therefore affected by the drug problem.
However, we should not be discouraged because the drug problem has a solution.
But we must remember that this solution requires everybody’s help. The different
sectors of society should work together to prevent drug abuse. Here’s what they can
do:
♦ The government can build rehabilitation centers and conduct drug education
programs nationwide. It should also strictly enforce laws on addictive and
dangerous drugs and punish criminals who import, produce, sell or promote
the use of illegal drugs.
♦ Media should act responsibly in advertising. Newspapers, magazines,
television shows and radio programs should inform their readers and viewers
about the ill effects of addictive and dangerous drugs.
♦ Schools can educate students about addictive and dangerous drugs. They can
also involve parents in drug education or awareness campaigns.

32
 ♦ Nongovernment organizations (NGOs) can support government programs
and services which would cater to drug abuse victims and their families.
They can also support drug awareness and drug education campaigns.
♦ Churches of different religions can strengthen the morality and spiritual
foundation of their members to help minimize the incidence of drug use and
abuse.
♦ The family can teach its members the concept of what is right and wrong. It
should be sensitive and attentive to the needs of its members. The family
should help its members talk about and cope with the problems they face in
their daily lives.
The problem of drugs is everybody’s concern. We should all say NO to drugs.
Let’s join hands in protecting everyone from the harmful effects of addictive and
dangerous drugs. Say NO to addictive and dangerous drugs.

Let’s Try This

This is an optional assignment that you can do in your spare time at home. Have
you ever tried making a poster? Let us see how well you can make one.
Materials needed:
♦ Illustration board
♦ Old newspapers and magazines
♦ Paste
♦ Scissors
♦ Pencil
♦ Pentel pen
Procedure:
1. Choose a title for your poster. You can make your own title or choose one
from the list below:
♦ Drugs! Prevention Is Better Than Cure
♦ Say NO to Addictive and Dangerous Drugs
♦ Let Us Help the Victims of Addictive and Dangerous Drugs
2. After you have selected a title for your poster, look for information, data,
illustrations and pictures from old newspapers or magazines. You may cut
these materials and paste them on the illustration board.

33
 3. If you’re good in drawing, you may draw pictures referring to the title of
your poster. You may also ask a friend who can draw to help you out with
your poster.
4. After you have pasted the illustrations and materials from old newspapers
and magazines, or the illustrations and pictures you or your friend have
drawn, write the title of your poster in big bold letters. You may write the
title of the poster above or below the illustrations or pictures.
5. Did you finish your poster? You may hang it in your home, school, NFE
learning center or community. Put it in a place where many people can see it.
6. You may give a copy of your poster to your barangay chairman. The poster
could be hung in the barangay hall. You may also share with your family,
friends or co-learners how to make a poster campaigning against addictive
and dangerous drugs.

Let’s Remember

There are many solutions to the problem of addictive and dangerous drugs. These
involve or include:
♦ Preventive solutions — activities such as drug education and drug
awareness seminars designed to prevent or stop drug abuse. These involve
the different sectors of society such as families, communities, government
and nongovernment organizations, schools, churches and civic organizations.
♦ Protective factors — such as having a strong supportive and caring family.
This may potentially reduce an individual’s use of addictive and dangerous
drugs.
♦ Risk factors — such as a chaotic home life, living in an environment of
drug users, poor social and coping skills, and lack of social interaction and
inadequate parental nurturing may encourage people to use addictive and
dangerous drugs.
♦ Rehabilitative solutions — solutions to the immediate and long-term
treatment of drug dependents. This includes medical and psychiatric
treatment which attend to the physical and mental condition of drug
abusers.
♦ Long-term rehabilitative solutions — such as counseling, family therapy
and home visitation which involve the process of helping drug dependents
reflect on his or her problems and see alternative solutions other than
using addictive drugs.
Well, this is the end of Part 2 of Addictive and Dangerous Drugs! Congratulations
for finishing it. Did you like the module? Did you learn something useful from it? A
summary of its main points is given on the next page to help you remember them better.

34
 Let’s Sum Up

In this module, you have learned that:

♦ There are many reasons why people use or abuse drugs. However, drug abuse
is mainly due to three major factors, which are family, friends and
environment.
♦ The battle against addictive and dangerous drugs can be won with everybody’s
help. It is important to educate or inform everyone about the negative effects
of drug abuse.
♦ There are many things that individuals, families and groups can do to reduce
the problem of drug abuse in their communities. They should:
• Be informed about the problem of drug abuse.
• Think about addictive drugs and their effects.
• Talk to each other about their problems.
• Look for alternatives to drug use.
• Get active in their community to help prevent drug problems.
• Get advice and help in times of stress or problems.
• Push for legislation (encourage laws) against drug use and drug
abuse.
♦ Drug abusers can still be helped. This is done by recognizing the problem
and providing support, acceptance, understanding, rehabilitation or medical
care.
♦ There are facilities and centers that provide medical and psychiatric
treatment and care for drug abusers. These facilities and centers do not only
help abusers but also their families as well.

35
 What Have You Learned?

A. Fill in the blanks.

1. Many people use addictive and dangerous drugs to get away from
________________.
2. One of the common reasons why people learn how to use drugs is
through the influence of ________________.
3. Forums and seminars on drugs are examples of ________________.
services.
4. ________________ are one way of promoting tobacco and cigarettes
through the use of mass media.
5. ________________ is a counseling method wherein the members of
the drug user’s family participate as the support group for the treatment
of the drug user.
6. ________________ is the immediate and long-term treatment of drug
abusers.
7. ________________ is a rehabilitative solution which helps the drug
user understand his/her problems. It is a long-term solution because it
seeks to build the self-confidence of the person to find solutions to
his/her problems.
8. ________________ is conducted in communities, schools and
workplaces in order to identify drug users.
9. ________________ involves looking into the mental condition of the
drug user. He or she may undergo psychological tests and treatment.
10. ________________ refers to services that attend to the physical
condition of the drug abuser.
B. Encircle the correct answer.
1. What is an example of a “protective factor”?
a. poor social and coping skills
b. strong and positive bonds within the family
c. chaotic home environment
d. affiliation with deviant peers

36
 2. Which of the following is a treatment service for drug addicts?
a. laboratory test
b. drug education
c. psychiatric care
d. drug testing
3. Which of the following is a “prevention program”?
a. banning the advertisements of addictive and dangerous
drugs
b. drug testing in schools and workplaces
c. medical care
d. psychiatric care for drug addicts who are suffering from mental
problems
C. Define the following terms and give an example for each.
1. Protective factors (1 point)
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
2. Risk factors (1 point)
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________

After finishing the test, you may compare your answers with those in the Answer
Key on pages 45–47.
If you got:
0–5 You need to study the module again.
6–9 Reread the lessons you didn’t understand.
10 – 12 Just go back to the wrong items and review them
carefully.
13 – 15 Congratulations! You have learned a lot from this
module. You can now proceed to the next one.
37
 Answer Key
A. Let’s See What You Already Know (pages 2–3)
A. 1. Correct – Liking to experiment is one of the major reasons
why people try and use addictive and dangerous drugs.
2. Correct – Many young people use addictive and dangerous drugs
because they are influenced by their friends. Peer influence is one
factor which contributes to drug abuse among young people. They
often find it difficult to refuse offers to try out addictive drugs
for fear that they would not be accepted by their peers.
3. Correct – Growing up in a chaotic home environment could lead
to drug abuse because the person might experience family
problems such as violence in the family, absentee parents, lack of
adequate parental supervision or sexual abuse in the family. A
person who doesn’t have someone to talk to about his or her
problems might look for a group that is more willing to make
him or her feel secure and accepted even if these are drug users.
4. Incorrect – One of the reasons why people use and abuse
addictive drugs is due to family problems such as violence, sexual
abuse and absentee parents.
5. Incorrect – Drug dependency can be cured. There are medical
services and rehabilitation and treatment centers which offer
immediate and long-term services to drug users.
B. 1. (4) Having friends who use drugs – Peer pressure or the influence
of friends is one of the major reasons why young people use
addictive drugs. People who use drugs often encourage their
friends to try the drug to experience its effects.
2. Knowing how to cope with problems – People who know how to
cope with problems and other forms of stress most often don’t use
addictive drugs. These are the people who try to find solutions to
their problems. They may ask support from their families or close
friends. Most often, they participate in wholesome activities such
as sports, which can relieve their stress.
3. (4) Lacking adequate family support – Family problems such as
lack of communication and absentee parents may induce a person
to use addictive drugs. A member of a family who doesn’t feel
secure and loved has a tendency to seek acceptance from other
groups, including drug users.
4. Engaging in wholesome, productive and fulfilling activities –
Knowing the activities which would further develop your

38
 personality and tolerance to stress may keep you away from using
addictive drugs. These activities help in the development of your
self-confidence and self-reliance. Participating in civic and church
organizations are examples of wholsome and productive
activities.
You may have identified other activities which will help a person
avoid drug abuse. Show your answers to your Instructional Manager
or Facilitator for additional feedback.
5. (4) Being curious or interested in experimenting with drugs –
Some people use addictive drugs to find out its effects on the
human body. This is very dangerous and can lead to drug addiction
even after using the drug only once, because of the addictive
chemicals found in it.
C. 1. Preventive – Education and awareness campaigns regarding the
drug problem prevent and discourage people from using drugs.
2. Rehabilitative – Counseling is a long-term program in
rehabilitation centers and private institutions catering to drug
dependents and drug users. It is a program which helps drug users
understand their problems. It seeks to build the self- confidence of
the person for him or her to find solutions to his or her problems
without using addictive drugs. It can also help drug users reflect on
the harmful effects of addictive drugs.
3. Rehabilitative – Medical care is provided to drug dependents
whose health has been severely affected by drug use. Vital signs
of the drug user are monitored until he or she has physically
recovered from the harmful effects of drug abuse.
4. Preventive – Teaching people about the drug problem will make
them more vigilant and participative in solving it.
5. Rehabilitative – Psychiatric care is given to drug users whose
minds have been severely affected. This includes medication and
treatment of drug users.

39
B. Lesson 1
Let’s Try This (pages 4–5)

A C D P R O B L E M S U N O P R O B E C
M W Y B I F A M S Z H G R E K Q X L X Y
E R U S S E R P R E E P U W E A B C P T
N M O M C U R I O S I T Y K O E W M E Z
J F H Q E O P X Z M T X A Z C V T U R P
O E A K K M O P W Q B R K M B N O P I E
Y M B M G B P Q X Z G V E E O D S K M R
M L A D I S X P A R E N T S H B A Z E O
E O P X A L M E E T S E W O S M X Y N Q
N V B Z O G Y N E N V I R O N M E N T P
T O C A L M D O W N K O R B E T A B A M

Let’s Review (pages 7–8)

1. Richard started using drugs when he was a child.
2. He learned from his mother and other family members
3. Solvent, cough syrup, rugby, marijuana
4. He feels better because the drugs make his problems seem to
disappear.
5. To look for a job
6. No
7. She became a prostitute.
8. She uses drugs.
9. Solvent, cigarette, cocaine
10. Yes, there is a remedy for her addiction. She can have herself be
medically treated or she can go back to the rehabilitation center
Let’s Try This (page 14)
1
F R I E N D 2S
A T
4
E X 5P E R I M E N T 6
T R
R I E
O L S
B Y S
8
L U
7
E N V I R O N M E N T
M C
9
S F A M I L Y
E

40
 Let’s Study and Analyze (page 15)
1. Absentee parents – Pepito’s parents were seldom home due to
their work.
2. Curiosity – Pepito wanted to know the effects of drugs so he tried
using them.
3. To experiment – After trying one kind of drug, he thought of
experimenting with others.
4. Influence of friends – Pepito had friends who used drugs. They
also provided Pepito with drugs.
5. Problems – Pepito used drugs to escape from his problems.

C. Lesson 2
Let’s Think About This (page 17)
The best solution to the problem of the use and abuse of addictive and
dangerous drugs is prevention. We must prevent people from being tempted
to use drugs and avoid the damaging consequences suffered by drug users.
“Prevention” of drug abuse involves educating people, especially the
youth. On the other hand, “cure” means rehabilitating or treating drug addicts.
Although rehabilitation centers and hospitals play an important role in helping
drug addicts, it is better to prevent drug abuse first rather than trying to repair
the physical, emotional, economic and spiritual damages inflicted by drug
addiction.
Let’s Think About This (page 19)
Given the “protective and risk factors,” it is important that in a family,
the parents should maintain open communication with its members. Open
communication may include family dialogues about work, school or the
neighborhood. This keeps the parents informed of what is happening in their
children’s lives. It also makes the children feel that their parents care about
them. Furthermore, it helps develop the children’s social interaction skills.
Parents should also get to know their children’s friends. They could
invite them for lunch on a weekend or on a nonworking day. Knowing who
their children hang out with helps parents assess whether their children are
exposed to illegal drugs.

41
Let’s Read (pages 19–20)
Other activities we can do to help avoid drug abuse are:
1. sports activities such as basketball, volleyball and swimming
2. church-related activities such as charity projects and catechism
classes
3. attending forums and seminars on addictive and dangerous drugs
4. any type of activity that will keep you preoccupied and fulfilled;
this will help keep you from using addictive and dangerous drugs
You may have identified other activities which can help a person avoid
illegal drug use and abuse. Show your answers to your Instructional Manager
or Facilitator for additional feedback.
Let’s Review (page 24)

1. (T) – Schools provide an important opportunity for teaching

young people about the damages of addictive and dangerous
drugs and how they can resist the temptation of using drugs.
2. (T) – Our parents play a significant role in preventing drug abuse.
Children who are able to talk to their parents about their problems
are less likely to resort to addictive drugs.
3. (F) – One way of preventing drug abuse is by educating people
about the harmful effects of drugs. Knowing these harmful effects
would make people think twice before using addictive and
dangerous drugs.
4. (T) – The community plays an important role in the prevention of
drug abuse. Communities should make a clear stand against
addictive and dangerous drugs through legislation, law
enforcement, community-based education programs, creation of
drug-free zones and restrictions on drug advertising.
5. (T) – Forums and seminars could properly disseminate information
about addictive drugs and their harmful effects to members of a
community.
6. (T) – Engaging in activities such as sports will help focus our
thoughts and energy on healthy alternatives, instead of putting
ourselves at risk by using addictive and dangerous drugs.
7. (T) – Peer pressure is one reason why many people use drugs.
Having friends who use and abuse addictive drugs may encourage
individuals to take drugs to be socially accepted in a group. Others
are influenced to take drugs out of curiosity

42
 8. (F) – Experimenting with drugs, even if it is done once, is
dangerous and may even lead to addiction.
9. (T) – Rehabilitated victims are very credible in relating the harmful
effects of addictive drugs because they have experienced these
effects.
10. (F) – A family that avoids talking about drugs at home is not
helping to fight drug abuse. Families should be informed about
drugs and they should communicate with each other about their
problems. This includes talking about drug abuse, the effects of
drug use and what they can do to help fight the use and abuse of
addictive drugs.
Let’s Think About This (pages 25–26)
1. The illustrations show advertisements of tobacco, cigarettes and
alcohol.
2. These advertisements are seen in billboards, the print (magazines,
newspapers, etc.) and broadcast (television and radio) media.
3. The advertisements present addictive drugs as products which can
relieve stress, solve problems and make a person look good or
“cool” to others. Addictive drugs are also portrayed by
advertisements as products with no harmful effects to a person’s
health.
4. Yes, advertisements promote the use of addictive drugs such as
tobacco and alcohol because their harmful effects on people’s
health are not shown. They are presented as solutions to relieve
stress and cope with problems. The advertisements also mislead
consumers to think that that the drugs can make a person look and
feel good.
5. The learner may either agree or disagree. His/Her explanation may
be:
Yes, I agree with the advertisement ban on tobacco and
alcohol. They should be restricted from television, newspapers,
billboards and radio because tobacco and alcohol are addictive
drugs which are harmful to a person’s health. Aside from their
harmful effects, these drugs can be an expensive habit and actually
drain a person’s limited budget. Most importantly, through
advertisements, children are also encouraged to try addictive drugs.
No, I disagree with the restrictions on advertisements about
tobacco and alcohol. They are an important source of income for
television, newspapers and magazines. They also help provide
sponsorship for sports and cultural events and activities. The
Philippines is also a democratic country, hence tobacco and
alcohol companies have a right to advertise their products.

43
Let’s Review (pages 28–29)
1. “coke” or cocaine
2. Gia started using drugs because she felt a lot of pressure in
her work. She also had personal problems. Her relationship with
her female makeup artist didn’t work out. She has also been
longing for her mother’s affection ever since her parents separated.
3. Other factors which may have contributed to Gia’s drug
dependency are:
a. Having friends who use addictive drugs
b. Lack of parental support
c. Difficulty in coping with problems in daily life
d. To relieve stress and anxiety
4. Yes, her work was affected. She would walk away in the middle of
her pictorials and not attend her appointments.
5. “shakes” – shaking of the body once the drug effect has worn out
6. morphine, heroin
7. She should have been provided with medical care, psychiatric care
and rehabilitation.
8. Yes, if she had been treated earlier, maybe she would have been
free from addictive drugs. She wouldn’t have reached the point of
using morphine and heroin.
9. Anybody close to Gia could have encouraged her to seek
treatment. This could have been a close friend, a family member,
and maybe even her mother.
10. I agree that drug abusers can still be treated. It is a matter of
understanding their needs and problems. In treating a drug abuser, it
is important to involve the people who are close to him/her. His/Her
physical condition should also be evaluated in order to determine the
kind of treatment he or she requires.
Let’s See What You Have Learned (pages 31–32)
1. The following are possible existing treatment and rehabilitative
services present in your community:
♦ Counseling
♦ Drug education
♦ Drug testing

44
 ♦ Conducting chest X-rays for diagnosis of drug use and
abuse.
♦ Hospitals with drug treatment and rehabilitation facilities
including doctors, psychiatrists, rehabilitation clinics,
etc.
♦ Family therapy
♦ Home visitations
♦ Drug rehabilitation self-help groups
2. These services provide medical, psychiatric and psychological
care and treatment to victims of drug abuse as well as to their
families. They could help increase the awareness of
people on the ill effects of addictive and dangerous drugs.
3. We can help solve the drug problem in our community by
participating in community activities against addictive and
dangerous drugs. These activities may include discussing the
problem of drugs among our families and friends, conducting drug
education forums and other seminars against the use of addictive
drugs. We can also make posters illustrating the harmful effects of
addictive and dangerous drugs. These posters could be set in places
where many people will be able to see them. Finally, we can
provide moral, political and perhaps even financial support for the
establishment of drug rehabilitation centers that will provide
medical and psychiatric care for victims of drug abuse in our
communities.

D. What Have You Learned? (pages 36–37)

A. 1. problems 6. Rehabilitation
2. friends 7. Counseling
3. preventive 8. Drug testing
4. Advertisements 9. Psychiatric care
5. Family group therapy 10. Medical care
B. 1. (b) is the correct answer. Having strong and positive bonds within
the family may reduce the potential of drug use and abuse for its
members. Communication keeps the family abreast with what is
happening with each member. Moreover, open community will
aloow members to seek advice and support from the family. (a), (c)
and (d) are incorrect answers because they are “risk factors.”
Having poor social coping skills (a) may lead to potential drug use
and abuse.

45
 People who encounter difficulty in coping and relating with others
feel out of place. They may seek acceptance from other groups
who would be more willing to accept them. Growing up in a chaotic
home environment (c) prevents the family from communicating
with other members. Members may look for other groups where
they will feel more appreciated and loved. Being affiliated with
deviant peers (d) may encourage the person to conform with what
their peers do. If his or her friends use addictive drugs, he or she
is also likely to use drugs.
2. (c) is the correct answer. Some addictive drugs have chemical
contents which gravely affect a person’s mental capability.
Addictive drugs such as marijuana and shabu can lead to mental
illness or paranoia. People who use these drugs may need
psychiatric care which is also a part of treatment services.
Psychiatric care requires the patient to be psychologically
evaluated. The treatment he or she will receive would be based on
the results of the psychological exam.
(a) is incorrect because it is used for diagnosis of drug abuse but
not for treatment. Laboratory tests can determine the extent of
physical damage caused by drug abuse.
(b) is an incorrect answer because it is a preventive solution.
Conducting drug education or drug awareness campaigns can teach
and educate people on the different types of addictive drugs and
their harmful effects. Drug education can also encourage
participation from all sectors of the society in coming up with
programs and activities that could prevent drug abuse.
(d) is incorrect because it is used for diagnosis and detection of
drug abuse. Drug testing can be conducted in schools, community
centers, sports events and even at workplaces. This could
help identify people who use addictive drugs. Early detection of
drug abuse can help a person because he/she can be given the
necessary treatment he or she may need.
3. (a) is the correct answer. Banning advertisements on addictive and
dangerous drugs such as tobacco and alcohol is a preventive
program or activity. Other countries in Asia, such as Thailand, have
restrictions on advertisements for tobacco and alcohol. This is to
prevent people from using these potentially dangerous and
addictive drugs which are commonly promoted as a relief for
stress and a solution to problems. There are some advertisements
that insinuate that drugs can make a person look good and strong.
Advertisements on addictive drugs can disseminate false
information about drug products. It doesn’t present the harmful
effects caused by drugs. It may also invoke curiosity and interest

46
 of young people, making them want to try the drugs. (b) is
incorrect because it is used for early intervention. (c) and (d) are
incorrect because they fall under treatment services.
C. 1. Protective factors are factors which may potentially reduce an
individual’s use of addictive and dangerous drugs. Examples of
these factors are: strong and positive bonds in the family,
parental monitoring, clear rules of conduct that are consistently
enforced within the family and involvement of parents in the lives
of their children.
2. Risk factors are factors that may encourage people to use addictive
and dangerous drugs. Examples are: chaotic home environment,
poor social coping skills and affiliation with peers who use
addictive and dangerous drugs.

47
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Dangerous Drugs Board. Drug Abuse: Some Questions and Answers.
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