General Description: EC 135 Training Manual General
General Description: EC 135 Training Manual General
General Description: EC 135 Training Manual General
Training Manual
General
General Description
Table of Contents
The Development of the EC 135 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 First Limit Page (FLI) P2/T2 and P2+/T2+ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
General Description of the EC 135 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Page for Electrical and Vehicle Parameters (ELEC/VEH) . . 66
Maintenance Concept . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 SYSTEM STATUS Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
Documentation of the EC 135 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 CAUTION/FUEL FAIL Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
Cockpit Arrangement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 CAUTION/BACKUP Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
Instrument Panel with CDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 FLIGHT REPORT Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
Triple Rotor RPM Indication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 CPDS Switch Over Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
Torque Indicator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Normal Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
Dual TOT Indicator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Derivative Mode with one VEMD Line off . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
Dual nn1 Indicator T1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Derivative Mode with CAD off . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
Dual n1 Indicator P1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Backup Mode with CAD and one VEMD Lane off . . . . . . . . . 86
Oil Temperature and Pressure Indicator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Backup Mode with both VEMD Lines off . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
Cockpit Display System (CDS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Maintenance Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
CDS Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Flight Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
CDS Caution Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Failure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
CDS Advisory Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Overlimit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
DISPLAY SELECT Switch / SCROLL Button . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Transfer Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
Engine Parameter Indication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Function Times . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
Torque Indication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Data Loading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
Electrical Parameter Indication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 A/C CONFIG Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
Outside Air Indication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 CPDS Software Versions Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
Mast Moment Indication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 H/C Serial Number Changes Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
Fuel Indications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Warning Unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
Instrument Panel with CPDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 Switch Unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
Function of the CPDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 Overhead Console . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
CPDS Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 Pitot--Static System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
CAUTION / FUEL -- Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
First Limit Page (FLI) P1/T1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Handling of the EC 135 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122 This training document comprises the following ATA chapters:
Lifting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
General Description ATA 06
Jacking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
Shoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124 Maintenance Concept ATA 05/12
Weighing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126 Cockpit Arrangement ATA 31
Towing and Pushing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128 Instrument Panel CPDS ATA 31
Parking and Mooring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130 Instrument Panel CDS ATA 31
Cockpit Display System CDS ATA 31
Central Panel Display System CPDS ATA 31
Warning Unit ATA 31
Switch Unit ATA 24/80
Overhead Console ATA 24
Pitot--Static System ATA 34/30
Handling of the EC 135 ATA 07/09/10
EC 135 Variants
CPDS CPDS+FCDS CDS CPDS CPDS+FCDS CDS CPDS CPDS+FCDS CPDS CPDS+FCDS
The EC 135 T is powered by two engines Turbomeca ARRIUS 2B, the Tail Boom
EC 135 P is powered by two engines Pratt & Whitney PW 206 B. They
The tail boom can be separated from the fuselage, and consists of tail
are equipped with a digital engine control system.
boom cone, the horizontal stabilizer with end-plates, vertical fin with
Transmission integrated tail rotor, tail rotor gearbox and fairing.
Main Rotor
The helicopter is equipped with a four-bladed hingeless and
bearingless main rotor (BMR). The inboard flexbeam enables
movement of the blades in all axes. Blade pitch angles are controlled
through integrated glass/carbon fibre control cuffs.
The main rotor control linkage system is of conventional design. The
hydraulic system for the main rotor controls is designed as a duplex
system with tandem piston (both systems are active). In case of a
failure of one system, the remaining system has sufficient power to
ensure safe flight operation and a safe landing.
Dimensions
2.65 m
2.00 m 1.56 m
3.20 m
12.16 m
10.20 m
5°
3.35 m 3.51 m
3°
0.66 m
5.87 m
10.20 m
Fuselage
The primary structure consists mainly of sheet metal design. Cabin
frame, bottom shell, doors, engine cowling, nose access panel and the
entire tail boom are made of composite material.
The cabin is accessible through six doors: two hinged doors for the
crew, two sliding doors for the passengers, and two aft clamshell doors
for the rear compartment.
Fuel System
The fuel system comprises two fuel tanks, a fuel supply system, a
refueling and grounding equipment and a monitoring system. The
main tank and the separated supply tank with overflow to the main tank
are installed under the cabin floor.
Electrical System
The fully redundant electrical 28 V DC system is supplied by two
generators and the battery.
Landing Gear
The EC 135 has two cross tubes and two skids. The cross tubes are
constructed to be bent to absorb forces during touch down of the
helicopter.
Cabin Dimensions
1.26 m
1.15 m
0.70 m
1.22 m 0.97 m 1.79 m
1.50 m
0.89 m
Maintenance Concept
Maintenance Concept
Maintenance
Scheduled
Unscheduled
On Condition
The numbering system provides a procedure for dividing material into ! NOTE Element 1, element 2 and the pageblocks are set
chapter section subject and page. The number is composed of three by the ATA 2100 schematic. The following
elements, which have two numbers each. The chapter and section elements can be defined by the aircraft
element are established by ATA 2100. Subject and unit element manufacturer as required.
numbers are assigned by ECD.
ATA Numbering
28 -- 10 -- 00
Chapter Section Subject/Unit
CD--ROM
AMM CD--ROM
MML
Historical Record FLM
SDS CD--ROM T1 CDS/CPDS
T2 CPDS
MSM LOAP
CD--ROM P1 CDS/CPDS
P2 CPDS
WDM SB/ASB
CD--ROM Logbook
IPC SI/ASI
PCL
T1 CDS/CPDS
T2 CPDS
P1 CDS/CPDS
P2 CPDS
Cockpit Arrangement
Instrument Panel
Slant Console
Center Console
Collective Lever
General
All the instruments and indications to monitor the helicopter systems
are installed in the center section of the instrument panel.
Configuration
The following instruments, indicators and switches are installed in the
center section of the instrument panel:
-- Warning unit
-- triple rotor RPM indicator (incl. n2 indication for eng. 1/2)
-- torque indicator
-- dual TOT indicator
-- dual nn1 indicator (T1 engine only)
-- dual n1 indicator (P1 engine only)
-- chronograph
-- switch unit
-- oil temperature and pressure indicators for engines and
main transmission (different limit markers with the different
engines)
-- Cockpit Display System (CDS).
CAUTION
D-- HUMS
SYSTEM I SYSTEM II
PAGE
TQ
DC VOLTS
GEN AMPS CAUTION
BAT AMPS PAGE
OAT MM LMT
Vertical Speed
T
CDS
FAIL
WEIGHT
BRIGHTNESS
(Vne)
Indicator
HSI
CDS Nozzle
Switch Unit
n1 Indicator
TOT Indicator
Turbomeca
Pratt&Whitney
Introduction The switch CDS/AUDIO RES is installed in the grip of the cyclic control
stick and enables the pilot and copilot (if dual pilot controls are
The Cockpit Display System (CDS) provides indication of aircraft
installed) to acknowledge the cautions.
status information such as caution and advisory messages. It consists
of a self contained unit installed in the center section of the instrument -- test switch TEST/CDS
panel. The test switch TEST/CDS is installed in the overhead panel. It triggers
Various switches facilitate operation of the device and allow control of the testing of the CDS indications.
the indications. The brightness is automatically controlled with the aid -- CDS OVTP light
of a sensor.
The CDS OVTP indication light is installed in the center part of the
An indication light flashes as soon as the CDS discovers an internal instrument panel below the CDS on the left side. The light comes on
malfunction. if the internal temperature is higher than 63 °C.
The CDS is capable of identifying the type of engine installed
according to the wiring of the connectors. Power Supply
The casing of the CDS is cooled by the cabin ventilation system or the In order to guarantee continuous operation even in the event of failure
air-conditioning system, if installed. of one of the essential busbars, the CDS is supplied by both
ESSENTIAL busbars via the circuit breakers located in the overhead
Associated Controls and Indicators panel.
In order to provide proper function and handling, the following controls -- CDS/SYS 1
and indicators beside the CDS are available: -- CDS/SYS 2
-- MASTER CAUTION light Data Storage
The MASTER CAUTION light is installed in the center part of the
A CDS integrated memory has two functions which are as follows:
instrument panel RH of the warning unit.
-- Storage of all of the CAUTION indications having occurred
-- switch CDS/AUDIO RES within the penultimate minute.
-- Storage of the failures reported to the CDS by the engine
control units along with their respective failure codes.
CDS Master
OVTP Caution
CDS
AUDIO
RES
CB CDS/SYS1 CB CDS/SYS2
ESSENTIAL I ESSENTIAL II
Caution Display
SYST I, MISC, SYST II
Advisory Display
Engine Parameter Display
Default Values:
n1 for TM, TOT for P&W
Page Light
TORQUE Display
CAUTION PAGE Button
Electrical System Display Mast Moment Indication
VOLT/AMP Key
OAT Indication
Brightness Sensor
CDS FAIL Indication
WEIGHT Key or FUNCTION BRIGHTNESS Keys
(L316M30C1004 and up)
CDS Operation
Power Supply and Self Test Mast Moment Failure
The CDS is activated by setting the battery master switch BAT MSTR If there is a failure of the mast moment system detected, the caution
in ON position. This causes the CDS self test to be carried out. The MM FAILED comes up in the MISC field (depends on the part number).
CDS checks also the presence of the following engine cautions for
SYS I and SYS II: Continuity Test
Continuity tests of the connecting cables between some sensors and
ENG FAIL ENG FAIL
the CDS are made during CDS power -- ON self test. A failure is
ENG OIL P ENG OIL P indicated by displaying the respective detector name with an
FUEL PRESS FUEL PRESS additional ...CT at the end of the respective caution. If a ...CT -- caution
HYD PRESS HYD PRESS is indicated, the monitoring circuit of the corresponding system must
XMSN OIL P XMSN OIL P be assumed to be unable to activate the real system caution in case
of system failure.
GEN DISCON GEN DISCON
CDS Test Switch
The CDS test switch, located on the test switch panel of the overhead
If the cautions have been successfully detected INP PASSED comes console provides test function of the display screen and lights of the
on on the advisory display below the message CDS PASSED and CDS. Activation of the test switch causes the screen, the lights of the
engine configuration (early CDS versions only). If a caution is missing, CDS and the CDS OVTP light to illuminate.
INP FAIL appears in the center column of the caution display, followed
by the missing caution to the left/right.
The pilot has to acknowledge the messages by pushing the
CDS/AUDIO RES button on the stick grip. Subsequent to the
acknowledgement the CDS starts normal operation. If the self test was
not successful CDS FAIL will appear on the display.
The indication light CDS FAIL comes on only when the CDS self test
is faulty.
CDS FAIL
Priority of Cautions
SYS I/II MISC 21 OVSP FAIL (PW only) DG
1 ENG FAIL CDS PWR 22 GEN OVHT HOR BAT
2 ENG OIL P XMSN CHIP 23 GEN DISCON AP REDUCED
3 ENG CHIP TRGB CHIP 24 INVERTER ADC
4 FADEC FAIL XMSN OIL T 25 FIRE EXT FLOATS ARM
5 FUEL PRESS ROTOR BRAKE 26 FIRE E TST DECOUPLE
6 FUEL FILT AUTOPILOT 27 BUSTIE OPN AVAD FAIL
7 ENG O FILT DOORS 28 STARTER P/R SAS
8 ENG IDLE XMSN O FILT 29 ENG CHIP CT YAW SAS
9 ENG EXCEED TRIM 30 ENG OF CT XMSN CHP CT
10 ENG MANUAL GYRO 31 F FILT CT XMSN OT CT
11 TWIST GRIP ACTUATION 32 INP FAIL TRGB CHP CT
12 FUEL VALVE F PUMP AFT 33 INP PASSED MM FAIL
13 F VALVE CL F PUMP FWD 34 DAMPER
14 FADEC MINR (PW only) F QTY FAIL 35 CDS TEMP
15 DEGRADE (TM only) F QTY DEGR 36 ALT ALERT
16 REDUND (TM only) HTG OVTEMP 37 MSG
17 PRIME PUMP EPU DOOR 38 AUX F XFER
18 HYD PRESS BAT DISCON
19 XMSN OIL P EXT POWER
20 OVSP SHED EMER
Advisory Display
Scroll Buttons
SCROLL
DISPLAY
SELECT
P OPT Display Select Switch
F 1
1
M 2
Torque Indication
Scroll Switch to the
next CAUTION Page
Outside Air (if available)
Temperature Indication
Electrical Parameters
Indication
Fuel Indication incl.
Low Level Red Light Select Switch for
incl. Electrical Parameters
FREE and XFER Light
Mast Moment Indication
incl.
Option 1 Limit Light
Display Line
Option 2
Display Line
WEIGHT Key
(with H/C MTOW
2835 kg inactive)
WEIGHT Key or FUNCTION
(L316M30C1004 and up)
General
The Central Panel Display System is an electronic indicating system
and presents various parameters of the onboard systems on three
screens.
The instrument panel contains most of the displays and instruments
and some of the control units installed in the helicopter. The
configuration of the instrument panel varies according to operators
needs and the associated equipment.
MASTER
CAUTION
CAD
CPDS -- Locations
Circuit Breakers
Test Switch
TEST
RESET
1 2
OVERSPEED OVERSPEED
ENG I
O M
F A
F X
ENG II
CAD
Switch
Voltage Adjusting Elements CDS AUDIO RES
integrated into Sensor Units CDS
AUDIO
RES
VEMD
Maintenance
Connectors Stick Grip
CPDS
10
8 12
6 14
4 16
CAD VEMD
CADSYS I CADSYS II
RS 422
MAINT.
CONN
ARINC 429
CDS/
AUDIO RES
Pelican
TEMP Rack WARNING
UNIT
FCDM Master AUDIO 2 1
Sensors GONG
APM FADEC
Caution
MFDAU
After the external self-test the functional integrity of the peripheral Test Pattern
assemblies is tested. After the test has run, the following cautions will
If the switch TEST CDS/WARN UNIT is set to position CDS, a test
be displayed on the CAD:
pattern appears with Cyclic Redundant Code (CRC), part number and
SYS I MISC SYS II configuration file number.
ENG FAIL+ F PUMP AFT** ENG FAIL+ Cyclic Redundant Code
ENG OIL P+ F PUMP FWD** ENG OIL P+
Check sum for the configuration file deviations (manufacturer only).
FADEC FAIL* EPU DOOR FADEC FAIL*
FUEL PRESS+ BAT DISCON FUEL PRESS+ Part Number
HYD PRESS+ EXT POWER HYD PRESS+ Last two digits of the part number identify the software version.
XMSN OIL P+ XMSN OIL P+ Example:
GEN DISCON+ GEN DISCON+
B19030GB08 corresponds to software version V2003
INVERTER*** INVERTER***
PITOT HTR PITOT HTR Configuration File
FLI FAIL* FLI FAIL* All software versions are delivered with a basic configuration file.
Necessary changes (e.g. after installation of optional equipment)
* only when the FADEC is switched off
might require the upload of a customized configuration file delivered
** only when the fuel pumps are switched off
by EUROCOPTER.
*** only if the respective system is installed
+ only these cautions trigger the INP FAIL, if they are not active during Example:
the test. Customized configuration files L316M30S0001
If an error occurs during the test, INP FAIL will appear at the bottom
edge of column MISC and a yellow bar above and below the respective ! NOTE The CPDS description shows the latest standards.
caution will flash. The corresponding caution will appear on the CAD. Major changes with part numbers and serial
After 8 seconds, the ACK NEEDED prompt is displayed on the upper numbers are shown in an overview page at the end
VEMD screen. of the CPDS description.
In case of a malfunction the respective caution will flash with a yellow
bar, above and below. This message has to be acknowledged by the
CDS/AUDIO RES or the select button.
B19030GB 08
4E2F60A6 L316M30S0001
ENGINE 1 ENGINE 2
n1 n1
Sensor n1 Analog n1 Analog Sensor
VEMD n1 Duplex VEMD
Module 1 Analog Module 2
Analog TQ TQ Analog
Signals nn1 (only TM) nn1 (only TM) Signals
CAD
TOT (only PW) TOT (only PW)
1 OF 2
1 06
Fuel Indication
Advisories
The advisories appear in green characters below the cautions in the
MISC column and provide the crew with information about the
operational status and optional equipment.
In certain cases, instead of being displayed on the first page, the
advisories may be displayed on the second page. If a new caution
appears, the advisories will disappear until the caution has been
acknowledged. The green advisories appear initially in the lower part
of the display fields and then form a column, one after another, under
the cautions.
The following advisories are possible (depending on optional
equipment):
FLI DEGR
FLI FAIL
FLI DEGR
may appear as
CAUTION on both sides LIMIT Warning
LIMIT Counter
Message Zone
T
FLI FAIL
FLI DEGR
may appear as
Caution on both sides FLI DEGR
FLI -- Marking Symbology on Analog Display (Example T2/T2+, P2/P2+ highly similar)
T2+/P2+
OEI HI T
OEI LO appears, when operating in the OEI 2.0 min. power band
Topping Symbol indicates the selected OEI
OEI HI appears, when operating in the OEI 30 sec. power band
2.0 min. or 30 sec. power limitation
ENG EXCEED Caution engine parameter does not allow a minimum of 3 pulls with full single
EC135 T2 excursion time i.e. if the remaining total time is less than 90 s and 360 s
for the 30’’ and 2’ OEI power band respectively.
The ENG EXCEED caution appears on ground under the following
conditions: ! NOTE The ENG EXCEED caution is stored in the FADEC
Exceedance of a single time excursion in a OEI power band (2’ or 30’’). and appears at the next engine start up.
Significant exceedance of the 30’’ power band with reaching and Warnings
maintaining the following values for more than 5 seconds: 136 % Tq, LIMIT symbol with box and audio warning GONG
4.8 % n n1 (only possible in case of topping function failure) or 1024 °C
TOT. Two different limit conditions for the activation of the LIMIT light with
box and the audio GONG are possible:
If the accumulated time limit of one of the engine parameter does not
allow any more a triple complete usage of the emergency power time. -- The LIMIT symbol with box activation due to OEI/AEO
(90 sec. within the 30” power band and 6 min. within the 2’ power time limit exceedance.
band.) As soon as only 5 s of the allowed time in either power band (5’, 2’ or
EC135 P2 30’’) are left, a LIMIT symbol with a blinking red box appears. This
provides the pilot with a precaution that the allowed time within the
The ENG EXCEED caution appears in flight under the following power band is about to expire. If the allowed single time excursion is
conditions: consumed (counter reaches 0), the box stops blinking, turns into
Significant exceedance of the 30’’ power band with reaching and steady state. The audio GONG is triggered.
maintaining the following values for more than 5 seconds: 133 % Tq,
104.3 % n1 or 990 °C TOT (only possible in case of topping function -- The LIMIT symbol with box and activation due to
failure). limiting value exceedance.
Exceedance of a single time excursion in a OEI power band (2’ or 30’’). Exceedance of one of the engine or H/C limiting parameters (30’’
In the latest FADEC software version the caution disappears when the power, 5’ take-off power, mast moment) triggers the LIMIT symbol with
respective power band is left. the box in the steady state together with the audio signal at once.
The total allowed time in a OEI power band is expired. ! NOTE Whenever red limit has been reached or an
exceedance is evident, a logbook entry and
The ENG EXCEED caution appears on ground under the following maintenance action is required. Depending on time
conditions: and maximum value the lifetime of the major
If due to the cumulated total time in one or both OEI power bands any components can be reduced or totally expired.
A solid white rectangle associated with a parameter indicates the parameter shown by the needle.
If operation in a yellow range is detected, a countdown timer is automatically switched on and the
digital data is yellow underlined.
If operation in the red range is detected, the red underlining of the digits flashes.
PW TM
Normal operation range Caution range, the numeric Maximum range, the numeric If there is an invalid para-
value is yellow underlined value is red underlined meter, a yellow symbol
(blinking) and the yellow and appears
red markings grow
activates “system
failure” function + or -- + or --
END FUEL Kg
FF1 FF2
CAUTION/BACKUP Page
The CAUTION/BACKUP page is displayed on the CAD only if the
VEMD fails completely or has been deactivated. The following data are
displayed:
-- Cautions (degraded indication only)
-- Advisories
-- numeric readout of fuel contents in main and supply tanks.
-- engine 1 and 2 torque displays on analog scale with
numeric limiting values.
If a torque channel fails, the associated pointer and numerical readout
are faded out; the scale and TRQ parameter turn yellow.
As this page represents an emergency operating mode, no other
pages or data can be presented.
CAUTION/BACKUP Page
EC 135 T1/P1
EC 135 T2+/P2+
BACKUP Page
Supply Tank 2
Supply Tank 1
Main Tank
Normal Mode
In the normal mode all three screens are operative. All pages are
available in a variety of combinations, except the CAUTION/BACKUP
page.
The pages can be selected manually via the SCROLL key.
If the RESET key on the VEMD is pressed, the standard pages will
reappear on the screen.
ELEC SYSTEM
VEH STATUS
ELEC
FLIGHT
VEH REPORT
RESET
FLI
CAU
XXX
automatically
SCROLL
FLI
basic page
SYSTEM
STATUS
RESET
FLI FLI
SCROLL
ELEC
FLIGHT
VEH REPORT
SCROLL
FLI
automatically
basic page
SCROLL ELEC
VEH
RESET
CAU
BACKUP
Maintenance Menu
The maintenance menu is displayed on the VEMD (upper screen). The
sub menues provide access to flight and failure dates. The following
sub menues are possible:
-- Flight Report
-- Failure
-- Over Limit
-- Inflight EPC Result
-- Trans Data
-- Funct. Times
-- Data Loading.
The maintenance mode can only be entered when the engines are
detected in the “shut-down” state. The VEMD screens must be
switched off, the CAD must be switched on.
Maintenance Menu
FLIGHT REPORT
FAILURE
OVERLIMIT
OFF2 RESET OFF2
INFLIGHT EPC RESULT
TRANS.DATA
FUNCT. TIMES
DATALOADING
SELECT ENTER RESET
Flight Report
Flight Report History Page
The Flight Report History page shows CPDS flight numbers and
indicates duration of the respective flight.
Duration counting starts if:
-- n1 RPM engine 1 or engine 2 > 50 %
-- XMSN oil pressure is > 1 bar
-- angle of collective lever CLP > 28.5 (TM) or 17 % (PW ).
The Flight Report History can only be entered when the ground state
is detected. The page stores the last 32 flights. They are selectable
with the + / -- button.
Failure
Flight Selection Page
The Flight Selection page indicates flights on which failures occured.
It shows the flight numbers and the number of accumulated failures
during that flight.
It is possible to scroll within the last 32 flights with failures. By pressing
the ENTER button the failures of the selected flight will be displayed
in detail.
FLIGHT NO. 57
32
SUBSYSTEM NO. FAIL
+ VEMD 8
FLIGHT NO. NO. FAIL
57 12 10 CAD 2
--
Overlimit
Overlimit Menu Page
The Overlimit page shows the last 8 flight numbers. By selecting one
flight number a new page appears.
This page shows two ranges (MM > 66 %, > 78 %) together with the
time of exceedance and the maximum reached moment.
The lower two lines are indicating the cumulated time for the two
ranges.
Transfer Data
Transfer Data is used to copy data from one VEMD lane to the other
in case one of the processor modules has been changed or a
configuration difference between the processor lanes has been
indicated.
TRANSFER DATA
NO / YES
Functional Times
The Functional Times page shows the accumulated flight hours and
function times for the VEMD modules 1 and 2 and the function times
for the CAD.
FUNCTIONAL TIMES
Data Loading
With Data Loading a customized configuration file can be uploaded
(e.g. modified caution list).
DATA LOADING
ENTER
Basic Version for EC135 T1 (TM 2B1 engines) and P1 (PW 206B Certification of the TRAINING MODE (single engine) for EC135 P1
engines). (PW 206B engines) and EC135 T1 (TM 2B1 engines).
Mast moment indication > 50 % yellow range, > 78 % red range. Caution FUEL is integrated.
The supply tank volumes reverts from blue into yellow if no transfer is V2002 (Part Number: ...07)
provided or if the supply tanks volumes are below a certain value. Certification for Training Mode (dual engine) EC 135 T2 (TM 2B2
V2000A (Part Number: ...03) engines); integration of the modified fuel system.
Voltage adjustment unit installed in the sensor units under the cabin
floor.
SN 169 and up
Only CPDS cockpit is available.
SN 218 and up
Maintenance connector installed in front of the center console
(possible retrofit back to SN 169).
SN 250 and up
Modified fuel system (increased volume, modified vent lines and
indication system).
SN 318 and up
CPDS software 2003.
Warning Unit
Warning Unit
Safety Guard
ACTIVE
Illuminates white, if the EMER
OFF SW has been released
AP. A. TRIM ! NOTE BAT DISCH appears if the voltage of the EPU is
below the voltage of the battery and the battery is
The warning AP. A. TRIM indicates a failure of the autopilot system. It
discharded via the ESSENTIAL BUSSES only.
is illuminated for 10 seconds. The signal is triggered by the autopilot
computers.
XMSN OIL P
Rotor RPM The red indication XMSN OIL P comes on when the oil pressure in the
The ROTOR--RPM warning monitors a total of three limit values. It main gearbox is below 0.5 bar.
reacts in various ways depending on which limit value is exeeded or
dropped below. CARGO SMOKE
-- rotor RPM < 95 % (97 % T2/P2) The red indication CARGO SMOKE appears, when there is a signal
A steady red indication of ROTOR RPM and a pulsed tone from the smoke detector in the rear cargo compartment (optional).
is generated. (The pulsed tone can be switched off with FIRE--Warning with EMER OFF SW Switch
AUDIO RES.)
The warning unit consists of the fire warning logic circuit, FIRE
-- rotor RPM ≧106 %
indication with switch EMER OFF SW 1 and ACTIVE-indication resp.
The red indication ROTOR RPM flashes and a gong can be
FIRE indication with switch EMER OFF SW 2 and ACTIVE-indication.
heard. (The gong can be switched off with AUDIO RES.)
The fire warning logic circuit displays individual fire warnings for engine
-- rotor RPM ≧112 % 1 and engine 2 and if necessary activates the fire extinguisher system.
The red indication ROTOR RPM flashes and a continuous Operation of the switch EMER OFF SW 1 cuts the fuel supply to
tone is generated. (The tone cannot be switched off) engine 1 and the ACTIVE indication illuminates. Switch EMER OFF
BAT TEMP SW 2 cuts the fuel supply to engine 2.
The red indication BAT TEMP comes on when there is a battery n1 RPM Monitoring
overtemperature detected (above 70 °C). The n1 RPM is monitored for both engines separately. If the speed
BAT DISCH drops below 50 % signals are sent to the CPDS/CDS and
The red indication BAT DISCH comes on, when the battery is -- the ENG FAIL caution is triggered
discharded more than 2 ampers. -- the bleed air is switched off
-- the fire extinguisher system is activated, if a fire warning is
evident.
J1 J2
Switch Unit
Switch Unit
Control Switch
Generator 1
Control Switch
Generator 2
Control Switch
Battery/Ext.
Power
Overhead Console
Bus Bars
The following bus bars distribute the current to the individual
consumers:
-- ESSENTIAL busbar 1 (PP10E)
-- ESSENTIAL busbar 2 (PP20 E)
-- SHEDDING busbar 1 (PP10S)
-- SHEDDING busbar 2 (PP20S).
SHEDDING BUS II
SHEDDING BUS I
TEST
RESET
OVERSPEED OVERSPEED
1 2
EMER
M M M M
I A I A
N X N X
OF F OFF
NORM
Pitot--Static System
General altimeter and airspeed indicator or to the Air Data Computer (FCDS
cockpit). Ram-air pressure from the pitot tube and static pressure is
The pitot-static system picks up the dynamic and static pressure of the
supplied only to the airspeed indicator or to the Air Data Computer
ambient air of the helicopter. A number of drain ports are provided to
(FCDS cockpit).
remove water from the lines. Electrical heating elements prevent the
pitot and static pressure pickups from ice accumulation. With the static selector valve it is possible to select the pressure supply
from ambient pressure to cabin pressure in case of polluted external
Components static ports.
The pitot--static system of a conventionell cockpit consists of:
Pitot/Static Heating
-- Pitot tube
With the switch PITOT HTR in the overhead panel the electrical
-- 2 static ports heating for the pitot tube and the static ports can be switched on.
-- static selector valve (only pilot’s side)
There are three different versions for the indication in the cockpit:
-- Air Data Computer
-- Version 1: A green advisory comes on in the CDS if the
-- hose lines
heating is switched on (old software version).
-- flight instruments.
-- Version 2: A yellow caution appears in the respective field
Locations of the CDS/CPDS if the the heating is switched off.
-- Version 3: A yellow caution appears in the respective field
The pitot tube is located on the forward RH/LH side of the fuselage.
of the CPDS if the heating is switched off.
The static ports are located one on each side of the fuselage below the
A green advisory appears if the heating is switched on (SW
equipment deck. The static selector valve is located on the right-hand
2003).
side of the center part of the instrument panel.
For the dual pitot/static system two heating systems with two switches
The components are connected with hose lines.
are installed.
The pilot’s pitot-static-operated instruments are located on the
right-hand side of the instrument panel. ! NOTE With the EC 135 T2+/P2+ the RH Air Data Computer
is installed to provide speed signals for the CAT.A
Function
system.
The static ports supply static pressure to the vertical speed indicator,
Copilot Side
Air Data
Computer
Lifting
General
The helicopter can be lifted with main rotor blades installed or
removed. For lifting a hoisting device is necessary.
Procedure
-- The hub cap must be removed.
-- Carefully insert hoisting device into the hub cap support on
the rotor mast and attach with bolt.
-- Secure the bolt with the safety pin.
-- Carefully lift helicopter while observing balance.
-- Avoid jerky movements under all circumstances.
Hoisting Device
Bolt
Safety Pin
Side View
Jacking Shoring
General General
The helicopter can be jacked with four jacking brackets and four jacks. The helicopter can be shored at the tail boom.
Jack
Weighing
General -- Determine individual weights of weighing bracket and of 2
jacking brackets.
After completion of the leveling and dimensional check the helicopter
must be weighed. -- Attach 2 jacking brackets to the aft landing gear fittings.
Attach weighing bracket in the center of the front cross
Tools tube. Position one jack each with installed force measuring
device below the jacking brackets and below the weighing
The following tools are necessary for weighing:
bracket.
-- two jacking brackets -- Jack the helicopter.
-- one weighing bracket -- Apply spirit level or clinometer on cabin floor and level
-- three jacks helicopter in horizontal position.
-- weighing device
-- spirit level / clinometer. ! NOTE If weighing is performed with electronic force
measuring devices, more exact measuring results
Procedure are obtained by means of several weighing
-- The helicopter must be placed on a even and solid surface procedures.
in a closed draft-free hangar. Between the weighing procedures the force
measuring devices are to be interchanged in the
-- Remove ground handling wheels from helicopter.
counterclockwise direction. The final result of the
-- Establish empty weight condition of helicopter in weighing procedure is the mean value measured at
accordance with Flight Manual (FLM). the respective weighing point.
-- If installed optional equipment according to Equipment List
(EL) is weighed with the helicopter, ensure that the -- Read measuring values on the force measuring devices
equipment status is recorded at the time of weighing. and record the weighing result in the weighing report (Form
-- Ensure that prescribed filling quantities for lubricants and 201). Calculate net values and moments.
hydraulic fluid are observed. Defuel helicopter using its own
fuel pumps. After defueling appr. 9.45 l (2.5 gal U.S.) equiv.
7.6 kg (16.7 lb) of non-consumable residual fuel remains in
the fuel tanks.
Hydraulic Jack
Hydraulic
Jack Lever
Transportation Wheel
Skid Tube
Fixing Bolt
Towing Bar
Covers
Lashbag
NACA Inlet
Direction of main rotor
rotation
Fenestron
Engine Inlet
NACA Inlet
Engine Outlet
Ground Connection
Transport Sack
Front Windows
Pitot Tube