Solution:

Given Data:

*The density of the methane is:  methane  0.52 kg/m

3

*The velocity of the methane is: Vmethane  30 m/s

*The cross-sectional area of the burner from where the methane is entering is:
Amethane  8.2 cm 2

*The density of the air is:  air  1.2 kg/m

3

*The mass flow rate of the air is: m air  21 m methane

*The exhaust gas density is: exhaust  0.68 kg/m

3

e cross-sectional area of the exhaust is: Aexhaust  196 cm 2

*Th

For the steady-state flow, the sum of the mass flow rate of the methane entering
the burner and the mass flow rate of the air must be same as the mass flow rate
of the exhaust gas:

m methane  m air  m exhaust

 methane  Amethane  Vmethane    21   methane  Amethane  Vmethane     exhaust  Aexhaust  Vexhaust 
 1 m2  
 0.52 kg/m 3
 8.2 cm 2
 2
 30 m/s  
 10000 cm    1 m2 
    0.68 kg/m 3
 196 cm 2
 2
 Vexhaust 
   21  0.52 kg/m 3  8.2 cm 2  1 m  10000 cm
2
 
   2
 30 m/s   
   10000 cm  
127.92  2686.32  133.28Vexhaust
Vexhaust  21.115 m/s

21.115 m/s .
Thus, the velocity of the exhaust gas is
Solution:

Given Data:

F =400 N, L1 = 3m

L2 = 2m, h1=48mm

h2 =72mm, b1=10mm

b2=20mm

The free body diagram of the simply supported overhang beam is shown below:

RB RD
Here, is the reaction force at the fixed support B and is the reaction force
at the roller support D.

The reaction force at B and D is calculated as:

FL2
RB 
L1  L2
400 N  2 m

 3  2 m
 160 N

FL1
RD 
L1  L2
400 N  3 m

 3  2 m
 240 N
The maximum bending moment occurs at point C where the concentrated load F
is acting. The location of the maximum bending stress will be at point C.

The magnitude of the maximum bending stress at C can be calculated by using

the bending equation:

M C  max

I y
 F  L1  L2  h2
 
 L1  L2  2
 max 
 b2 h23 b1h13 
 12  12 
 
 400 N  3 m  2 m  0.072 m
  
  3  2  m  2

 0.02 m   0.072 m  3
0.01 m   0.048 m  
3

  
 12 12 
17.28 N  m 2

5.299 107 m 4
 32608695.65 N/m 2

32608695.65 N/m 2 .
Thus, the maximum bending stress at point C is
Solution:

The Mohr circle for the given state of stress is shown below:

Here,
OA  100 MPa
OB  80 MPa
AF  BG  60 MPa
OD   1  Major principal stress
OE   2  Minor principal stress
OI  Normal stress on the plane rotated through 30° Counterclockwise
HI  Shear stress on the plane rotated through 30° Counterclockwise
 30 counter-clockwise is
The normal stress on the plane rotated through
calculated as:
OI  OC  CI
  OB  BC   CH  cos  80.54  60  
  80 MPa +  10 MPa     60.83 MPa  0.936  
 33.06 MPa  Compressive 

30 counter-clockwise is
The Shear stress on the plane rotated through
calculated as:
HI  CH  sin  80.54  60 
  60.83 MPa  0.351
 21.35 MPa  Downwards to the plane 
The position vector of the point P at which (-F) force is acting is:

P  ei + aj
=  5.9  i +  5.5  j m

The position vector of the point Q at which (F) force is acting is:

Q  ci +  a +b +d  j
=  5.6  i +  16.4  j m

The position vector of PQ is:

  
PQ  Q  P
  0.3 i +  10.9  j m

The modulus of PQ is:


 0.3 m    10.9 m 
2 2
PQ 

 10.904 m

The magnitude of the couple forces can be calculated as:


M  PQ F

5615 N  m
F
10.904 m
 514.95 N

 M   Iz 
  tan 1  y     
 M z   Iy  

Here, M y is the moment about the y-axis, M z is the moment about the z-axis, I z is
the second moment of area about the z-axis and I y is the second moment of area
about the y-axis.
Solution:

Given Data:

t2
x  20 
*The motion along the x-axis is: 4

t3
y  15 
*The motion along the y-axis is: 6

The velocity of the pin along the x-direction at t = 2s is:

dx
Vx 
dt
 t2 
d  20  
4
 
dt
 0.5  2 s
=1 m/s

The velocity of the pin along the y-direction at t = 2s is:

dy
Vy 
dt
 t3 
d 15  
6
 
dt
  2 s
2


2
=  2 m/s
The velocity of the pin is calculated as:

V  Vx2  Vy2

 1 m/s    2 m/s 
2 2

 2.236 m/s

The acceleration of the pin along the x-direction at t = 2s is:

d 2x
ax  2
dt
 0.5 m/s 2

The acceleration of the pin along the y-direction at t = 2s is:

d2y
ay 
dt 2
 t
=  2 m/s 2

The acceleration of the pin is calculated as:

a  ax2  a y2

 0.5 m/s    2 m/s 

2 2
 2 2

 2.062 m/s 2

The direction and the curvature of the path is shown below:

Solution:

Given Data:

*The magnitude of the joint reaction force is: F  350 N

L1= 30 mm, L2= 40 mm

θ1= 35°, θ2= 100°

The moment will be generated only by the horizontal component of the force F
about point C .The moment generated about point C on the prosthesis when
force F applies along line AB is calculated as:
M C   F  cos 1  L2 
 350 N  cos 35 0.04 m
= 11.468 N  m

Solution:
Given Data:

*The specific heat of the water is: c p  4.182 kJ/kg  K

k  0.6405 W/m  K
*The thermal conductivity of water is:

Ti  26.03C
*The temperature at the inlet cross-section is:

*The temperature at the outlet cross-section is: To  86.92C

*The uniform heat flux at the surface of the tube is: q  0.82 W/cm
2

The tube length can be calculated by equating the total heat flux throughout the
surface area to the heat conducted through water from inlet cross-section to the
outer cross-section:
dT
q k
L
k  dT
L
q
0.6405 W/m  K   86.92  26.03  K
 2
2 10000 cm
0.82 W/cm 
1 m2
 4.756 103 m

Solution:

Given Data:

*The diameter of the rivet is: d  35 mm

 w  150 mm
*The width of each plate is:

 b  200 MPa
*The allowable bearing stress for the plate is:

*The allowable shearing stress for the rivet is:  s  120 MPa

The maximum magnitude of the tensile load on the plate is calculated as:
P   s  Arivet

  35 mm 
2
P  120 MPa 
4
 115453.53 N

(a)

The minimum thickness of each plate is calculated as:

P   b  Abearing
P  200 MPa  d  t
115453.53
t
200 MPa  35 mm
 16.5 mm

(b)

The largest average stress in the plate is calculated as:

 P   A
P   t  w  d 
115453.53

16.5 mm   150  35  mm
 60.845 N/mm 2

The tube length can be calculated by equating the total heat flux throughout the
surface area to the heat conducted through water from inlet cross-section to the
outer cross-section:
dT
q k
L
k  dT
L
q
0.6405 W/m  K   86.92  26.03  K

10000 cm 2
0.82 W/cm 2 
1 m2
 4.756 103 m

Solution:

Given Data:

*The length of the rod is: L  0.3 m

TB  221.01C
*The temperature at the left wall is:

TL  86.29C
*The temperature at the right wall is:

*The heat transfer coefficient of the air is: h  17 Wm  K

2

*The temperature of the air is: Tair  66.79C

The average temperature of the rod is calculated as:
TB  TL
Tavg 
2
221.01C + 86.29C

2
 153.65C

The rate of heat loss from the surface of the rod is calculated as:

Q  hAsurface   Tavg  Tair 

 17 W/m 2  K     0.05 m   0.3 m   153.65  66.79  K
= 69.58 W

Solution:

Given Data:
R
*The inner radius of the hollow cylinder is: 2

*The outer radius of the cylinder is: R

*The mass of the cylinder is: M

*The mass attached to the end of the rope is: m

The moment of inertia of the hollow cylinder is calculated as:

1  R  2 
I   M     R 2 
2  2  
5
 MR 2
8

The angular acceleration of the hollow cylinder is calculated as:

a

R
2y
 2
t
R
2y
 2
Rt

Here, y is the dropping distance of the mass attached at the end of the rope.

The tension in the rope can be calculated by using the equation of motion for
the mass attached:
T  m  g  a
 2y 
 m g  2 
 t 

Thus, the moment of the friction force between the pulley and the shaft is
calculated by substituting all the values:
 f   T  R   I  
  2y   5 2y 
  m  g  2   R    MR 2  2 
  t   8 Rt 
  2 y  5 My 
 R m  g  2  
  t  4 t 2 

Solution:

Given Data:
F2  10 N
F4  5 N
x  2 cm
y  3 cm
The equilibrium equation in the vertical direction is:
F1  F2  F3  F4  R
F1  10 N + F3  5 N = R
R  15 N + F1  F3 ..................  1

Here, R is the resultant force.

The moment due to all the forces about a point on the y-axis is :
R  x   F1  10 cm    F2  6 cm    F3  4 cm    F4  12 cm 
R   2 cm    F1  10 cm    10 N  6 cm    F3  4 cm    5 N  12 cm 
2 R  10 F1  60  4 F3  60
R  5 F1  2 F3 ...................  2 

The moment due to all the forces about a point on the x-axis is:
R  y   F1 10 cm    F2  5 cm    F3  5 cm    F4  6 cm 
R   3 cm    F1 10 cm    10 N  5 cm    F3  5 cm    5 N  6 cm 
3R  10 F1  50  5 F3  30
10 5 20
R F1  F3  ...................  3
3 3 3

Solve equation (1), equation (2) and equation (3) to determine the three
unknowns:
F1  4.091 N
F3  0.455 N
R  19.545 N

Solution:

Given Data:

*The mass of the beam is: M  100 kg

*The mass of the boy is: m  50 kg

The weight of the beam will act downwards vertically. The components of the
weight vector are calculated as:
Wx  0
Wy   100 kg  9.81 m/s 2 
 981 N

Thus, the weight vector of the beam is:


W   Wx  i +  Wy  j
=  981 j N

Solution:

Given Data:

*The height of the hill for the prototype balloon is: H  0.3 m

*The height of the hill for the model is: h  0.1 m

*The initial vertical velocity for the model is: Vm  8 m/s

Both the model and the prototype will experience the same acceleration due to
the gravity under free fall. The initial vertical velocity of the prototype balloon
can be calculated by using the Newton’s third equation of motion as:
Vm2 Vo2

2h 2 H
H
Vo  Vm 
h
0.3 m
 8 m/s 
0.1 m
 13.86 m/s

Solution:

Given Data:

*The number of moles of the ideal gas is: n  5

*The general gas constant is: R  8.314 kJ/kmol  K

*The temperature of the ideal gas is: T  22C

*The edge length of the cube is: s  0.75 m

The volume of the ideal gas will be the same as the volume of the cube and can
be calculated as:

V  s3
  0.75 m 
3

 0.422m3

Apply the ideal gas equation to determine the pressure of the gas in the cube:
PV  nRT
nRT
P
V
103
5  8.314 J/mol  K   22  273 K
 103
0.422 m3
 29059.6 Pa
Both the model and the prototype will experience the same acceleration due to
the gravity under free fall. The initial vertical velocity of the prototype balloon
can be calculated by using the Newton’s third equation of motion as:

Vm2 Vo2

2h 2 H
H
Vo  Vm 
h
0.3 m
 8 m/s 
0.1 m
 13.86 m/s