Correct Option Is (C) .: Solution

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Solution:

Correct Option is (c).

The free body diagram of the C-D joint is shown below:

The equilibrium equation in the vertical direction is:

 Fy  0
 C  cos 30    D  cos 75   400 lb
0.866C  0.259 D  400....................  1

The equilibrium equation in the horizontal direction is:


 Fx  0
  C  sin 30    D  sin 75   0
0.966 D  0.5C  0....................  2 

Solve equation (1) and equation (2):


C  400 lb
D  207 lb
The free body diagram of the A-B-C joint is shown below:

The equilibrium equation in the vertical direction is:

 Fy  0
 B  sin 45    C  cos 30   300 lb = 0
0.707B   0.866  400 lb   300
B  914 lb

The equilibrium equation in the horizontal direction is:

 Fx  0
 B  cos 45   A   C  sin 30   0
646.3  A  200 lb = 0
A  846.3 lb

Solve equation (1) and equation (2):


C  400 lb
D  207 lb
Solution:

Note: Dear Student! As per our guidelines, we are only allowed to answer three
sub-parts of a question. Kindly repost the other parts again.

The free body diagram is shown below:

(a)

Take the moment of all the forces about point A:


MA  0

 4905 N  3 m    T 
2 
0
 2.5 
T  18393.75 N
(b)

The equilibrium equation in the vertical direction is:

 Fy  0
 1.5 
Ay   T    4905 N = 0
 2.5 
 
Ay  11036.25 N 

(c)

The equilibrium equation in the horizontal direction is:

 Fx  0
 2 
Ax   T  0
 2.5 
Ax  14715 N   
(a)

Along the u-axes, the resolved components are:


F1 : 250 N  cos 30  216.5 N

F2 :  150 N  cos 30  130 N

(b)

Along the v-axes, the resolved components are:


F1 :  250 N  sin 30   cos 15  120.74 N

F2 :  150 N  sin 30   cos 15  72.44 N

(c)

The magnitude of the resultant of the two forces is:


 F1    F2    2 F1F2 cos 120 
2 2
R

 250 N    150 N    2  250 N 150 N  cos 120 


2 2

 218 N

Solution:

Given Data:
u0
v  10 m/s
t 5s

The acceleration of the truck is calculated as:


v  u  at
vu
a
t
10 m/s

5s
 2 m/s 2

The distance travelled by the truck is calculated as:

v 2  2aS
 10 m/s 
2

S
2  2 m/s 2
 25 m

Thus, option (c) is correct.


Solution:

Given Data:
F  3000 kgf
D  10 mm
BHN  255

The mean indentation diameter is calculated as:

2F
BHN 
 Dg D   D 2
d2 
2  3000 kgf
255 
 10  10    10 2
 d2 
 10   10 2
d2    23000 kgf
10  255
 10 2

 d 2  10  0.749
100  d 2  85.581
d  3.797 mm

The mean indentation diameter is calculated as:

2F
BHN 
 Dg D   D 2
d2 
2  3000 kgf
255 
 10  10    10 2
 d2 
d  3.797 mm
Solution:

Given Data:
V1
r  10
V2
T1  290 K
P1  85 kPa
P3  6000 kPa

The pressure and temperature after the isentropic compression can be calculated
as:
1.4
P2  V1 
 
P1  V2 
P2  85 kPa   10 
1.4

 2135.103 kPa

1.4 1
T2  V1 
 
T1  V2 
T2  290 K   10 
0.4

 728.45 K

(a)

The highest temperature in the cycle is achieved after the end of the constant
volume combustion process:

T3 P3

T2 P2
6000 kPa
T3  728.45 K 
2135.103 kPa
 2047.067 K

(b)

The temperature at the beginning of the isentropic expansion process is:

T3
  r
1.4 1

T4
2047.067 K
T4 
 10 
0.4

 814.95 K
(c)

The overall cycle efficiency is calculated as:

 1 
   1  1.41   100%
  r 
 
 1 
 1   100%
  10  1.4 1 
 
 60.2%

The gage pressure that the person exerts on the oil can be calculated by equating
the sum of the hydrostatic pressure of oil and air with the sum of the
atmospheric pressure and the water pressure:

Pg  Poil  Pwater  Patm


 1m  
 1000 kg/m  9.81 m/s  30 in    1.013 10 Pa 
3 2 5

 39.37 in 
Pg   
  1m  
   49.3 kg/m3  9.81 m/s 2  30 in   
  39.37 in  
 108406.71 Pa
Solution:

Given Data:
P1  10 bar
V1  0.05 m3
V2  0.06 m3

The final pressure is calculated as:

1 1  PV
3 3
PV 2 2
3
V 
P2  P1   1 
 V2 
3
 0.05 
 10 bar   
 0.06 
 5.787 bar

The work done by the fluid is:

PV1 1  PV
W 2 2
1 n
  1000000 Pa  0.05 m 3    578700 Pa  0.06 m 3   1
 
 1 3  1000
 7.638 kJ

Negative sign indicates the work is done by the fluid.

Option (c) is correct.


(a)

The Shear force diagram of the simply supported beam is shown below:

(b)

The bending moment diagram is shown below:


Solution:

Given Data:

  y   y 2 
u  U 2      
  Y   Y  

(a)

At y = 0, the Shear stress value will be:

d    y   y  
2

 y 0    U 2 
      
dy 
   Y   Y   

 2U 2 yU 
   2 
 Y Y 
2 U

Y

(b)

At y = Y/2, the Shear stress value will be:

d    y   y   
2

 Y    U  2       
y
2
dy    Y   Y   
 2U 2 yU 
   2 
 Y Y 
2 U U
 
Y Y
U

Y
(c)

At y = Y, the Shear stress value will be:

d    y   y   
2

 y Y    U  2       
dy    Y   Y   
 2U 2 yU 
   2 
Y Y 
2 U 2 U
 
Y Y
0

The reaction forces at the supports are:


(a)

The Shear force distribution at any distance x from the left support is:

V  x    525 N    x  300 N/m 

Shear force will be zero at:


x  1.75 m from end A

The Shear force diagram is shown below:


(b)

The bending moment distribution at any distance x from the left support is:


M  x   300 N  m +  525 x   150 x 2 

Solution:

Given Data:

Vo  1105 m 3
o  400 kg/m3
At  103 m 2

(a)

The weight of the object will be same as the weight of the water displaced by it.
The amount of the water level drop when the object is removed is:
o gVo   water  g   At  h 
400 kg/m3 105 m3
h
1000 kg/m3 103 m 2
 4 103 m

(b)

The total force at the base of the tank when the object is immersed in water is:

Fwith    water  g  hbase  At    o  g  Vo 

Thus, the force will reduce at the base of the tank when the object is removed.

(a)

At y = 0, the Shear stress value will be:

d    y   y  
2

 y 0    U 2 
      
dy 
   Y   Y   

 2U 2 yU 
   2 
 Y Y 
2 U

Y

The force F can be calculated as::


F
A
  
 0.8 1000 kg/m3  9.81 m/s 2  2 m  1.2 kg/m 3  287 J/kg  K   20  273  K 

   
F    0.1 m    0.8 1000 kg/m 3  9.81 m/s 2  2 m  1.2 kg/m 3  287 J/kg  K   20  273 K 
4
2

 915.82 N
The first equation for the natural frequency is:
k
12 
m
k   2 rad/s   m
2

 4m

The second equation for the natural frequency is:


k
22 
m  m
k   1rad/s    m  m 
2

4m   m  m 
m  3m

Solution:

Given Data:
k  857.8 N/m
C  7.8 kg/s
m  0.0492 kg

(a)

The natural frequency can be calculated as:

k
n 
m
857.8 N/m

0.0492 kg
 132.04 rad/s

(c)

The critical damping value is:


Cc  2 mk
 2  0.0492 kg  857.8 N/m
 13 kg/s

(d)

The damping ratio is:


C
 
Cc
7.8

13
 0.6

System is underdamped

(b)

The damped frequency is calculated as:

d   n 1   2
 132.04 rad/s  1   0.6 
2

 105.632 rad/s

0.1592 Hz
d  105.632 rad/s 
1 rda/s
 16.82 Hz
In case of irrotational flow, the pressure along any streamline remains constant.

Apply the Bernoulli’s equation to determine the pressure at point 2:

P1 V12 P V2
  z1  2  2  z2
 g 2g  g 2g
 P1  V12 V22  
P2   g    
  g  2 g 2 g 
 7600 Pa  16  4  2 2 
 1000 kg/m3   3
  m /s 
1000 kg/m  2  
1 kPa
 13600 Pa 
1000 Pa
 13.6 kPa

The tire pressure is:

 S 2   water  g  0.9 m   20000 Pa 


Pt    air  g  0.6 m    S3   water  g  0.2 m    
 +  S1   water  g  0.75 m  
   1.2 kg/m3  9.81 m/s 2  0.6 m  
 
   0.411000 kg/m 3  9.81 m/s 2  0.2 m  
Pt   
   0.8  1000 kg/m 3  9.81 m/s 2  0.9 m   20000 Pa 
 
 +  1000 kg/m 3  9.81 m/s 2  0.75 m  
 
1 kPa
 33609.22 
1000 Pa
 33.609 kPa
The hydrostatic force acting on the gate A-B is calculated as:

 4m 
Fgate   SG   water  g   sin     6 m  4 m 
 2 
  1.5  1000 kg/m3  9.81 m/s 2  2 m  sin 30   24 m 2
1 kN
 353160 N 
1000 N
 353.16 kN

The pressure at point 1 is:

P1   SG   water   g  a   1.5 m
=  12.4  1000 kg/m3   9.81 m/s 2  9.81 m/s 2  1.5 m
1 kPa
=  364932 Pa 
1000 Pa
 364.932 kPa

2mg
Vt 
 ACd

From the Propane thermodynamic property table, the state corresponding to the
v  0.04259 m3 /kg specific volume is:
pressure of P = 16 bar and
Propane is at superheated vapor state.
Tsat  46.89C
The corresponding saturation temperature is:

The percentage uncertainity in the skin heat loss is calculated as:


0.3  0.075
%uncertainity = 100%
0.3
 75%

Solution:

Given Data:
r  1 mm
Q  1.5 cm 3 /s
g  10 m/s 2

The water level will stop rising in the vessel when the flow rate flowing into the
vessel becomes equal to the flow rate going out from the tube. The velocity of
flow from the tube is:

Q
V
 r2
1.5 cm 3 /s

   0.1 cm 
2

 47.746 cm/s

Thus, the depth of the water level is:


V2
h
2g
2
 1 m/s 
 47.746 cm/s  
 100 cm/s 

2  10 m/s 2
 0.0114 m

Solution:

The horizontal hydrostatic force on the gate is:

Fx   water  g  h  A
 1000 kg/m3  9.81 m/s 2  5 m   4 m  3 m 
 588600 N   

The vertical hydrostatic force on the gate is:

Fy   water  g  h  A
 1000 kg/m3  9.81 m/s 2  7 m   2 m  3 m 
 412020 N   

The horizontal location of the horizontal force on the gate is:


X 1m

The vertical location of the vertical force on the gate is:


 3 m   4 m
3

Y 5m+
12  5 m   4 m  3 m 
 5.267 m

Take the moment of all the forces about hinge O to calculate the magnitude of
P:
MO  0
 P  4 m    Fy  X    Fh   Y  3 m    0
P
 412020 N 1 m    588600 N  2.267 m 
4m
 436594.05 N

The moment of inertia of the given plate about the y-y axis is calculated as:

29 R 4
I yy 
192
29     90 mm 
4


192
 31132.69 103 mm 4

Thus, option (c) is correct.

Solution:

Given Data:
Patm  101325Pa

(a)

The pressure acting at the hole due to water in the bottle when the bottle is open
is:

Ph   water  g  0.1 m
=1000 kg/m3  9.81 m/s 2  0.1 m
= 981 Pa

The total pressure acting at the hole when the bottle is open is:
Pt  Ph  Patm
 981 Pa + 101325 Pa
= 102306 Pa

)
(b

The pressure acting at the hole due to water in the bottle when the bottle is
closed is:

Ph   water  g  0.1 m
=1000 kg/m3  9.81 m/s 2  0.1 m
= 981 Pa

The total pressure acting at the hole when the bottle is open is:
Pt  Ph
 981 Pa
(c)

Since, the total pressure acting at the hole when the bottle is open is more than
the atmospheric pressure at the hole, the water comes out.

But, the total pressure at the hole when the bottle is closed is less than the
atmospheric pressure at the hole, the water won’t come out.

Solution:

(a)

The horizontal component of the resultant force is:

  Rx  60 lb +  20 lb  cos 30    100 lb  cos 45    100 lb  cos 60 


 43.4 lb   

The vertical component of the resultant force is:


  Ry  30 lb +  20 lb  sin 30    100 lb  sin 45    100 lb  sin 60 
 35.9 lb   

The resultant force is:

 Rx    Ry 
2 2
R

 43.4 lb    35.9 lb 
2 2

 56.32 lb

(b)

The direction of the resultant force in counter-clockwise direction with the


horizontal is:

 35.9 
  tan 1  
 43.4 
 39.6

(c)

The x-coordinate of the resultant force from the origin is:

 100 lb  sin 45 4 ft    100 lb  sin 60 4 ft  


 56.32 lb  sin 39.6 x    
   20 lb  cos 30 3 ft    100 lb  cos 45 3 ft    60lb  3 ft  
x  2.32 ft to the right of O.

(d)
The y-coordinate of the resultant force from the origin is:

 100 lb  sin 45 4 ft    100 lb  sin 60 4 ft  


 56.32 lb  cos 39.6 y    
   20 lb  cos 30 3 ft    100 lb  cos 45 3 ft    60lb  3 ft  
y  1.92 ft below O.

Solution:

Given Data:
R  1.25 m
E  8200 kWh
con  90%
N  45000 rpm
The mass of the flywheel can be calculated as:

1
E  con   I   2
2
1  MR 2 
 con     
2

2  2 
 M   1.25 m  2   2 
2

8200000 W  3600 s = 0.9  0.5      45000  rad/s 


 2   60 
 
M  3781.22 kg

Thus, the required weight of the cylinder is:


W  M g
 3781.22 kg  9.81 m/s 2
 37093.77 N

Solution:

Given Data:
V1  1m/s
P1  2.8 bar
z1  z2
P2  1 bar
 water  1000 kg/m3
g  9.8 m/s 2

Wrong Usage
P1 V12
  z1
 water g 2 g
P2 V22
   z2
 water g 2g
 P  P  V 2 
V2  2   1 2   1 
  water  2 
 280000 Pa  100000 Pa   1 m/s  2 
 2    
 1000 kg/m 3  2 

 19 m/s

Correct Usage

P1 V12 P2 V22
  z1    z2
 water g 2 g  water g 2 g
 P  P  V 2 
V2  2   1 2   1 
  water  2 
 280000 Pa  100000 Pa   1 m/s  2 
 2    
 1000 kg/m 3  2 

 19 m/s

Solution:

Given Data:
h  5 cm of water
 air  1.13 kg/m3
 water  1000 kg/m 3
C p  0.98

(a)

The head in metres is:


1 m of water
h  5 cm of water 
100 cm of water
 0.05 m of water

(b)

The velocity of air can be calculated as:

2 g h   water   air 
V
 air
2  9.81 m/s 2  0.05 m of water   1000  1.13 

1.13
 29.45 m/s

Solution:
Given Data:

   rad/s 2
   rad/s

The time taken by the object is:



t
2 rad/s
t
5 rad/s 2
 0.4 s

The angular displacement of the object is:


   t
 2 rad/s  0.4 s
= 0.8 rad

The time taken by the object is:



t
2 rad/s
t
5 rad/s 2
 0.4 s

Solution:
The flexural stiffness of the simply supported beam under concentrated point
load at the mid span is:

48EI  mg
kb 
mgL3
48EI
 3
L

Here, E is the modulus of elasticity, I is the moment of inertia and L is the


length of the beam.

Thus, the equivalent stiffness of the system is:


1 1 1
 
keq k k p
1 L3
 
k 48EI
48EIk
keq 

48 EI  kL3 
The radius of the Mohr circle is:

 5 ksi    15 ksi 
2 2
CD  CB  CE 
 15.81 ksi

The angle of the triangle ECF is:

  15  
   tan 1      60 
  5 
 11.565

The normal stress on the inclined plane is:

 11.565 
 n  5 ksi +  CE  cos
 2 
 20.73 ksi  compressive 

The Shear stress on the inclined plane is:

 11.565 
 n   CE  sin
 2 
 1.6 ksi
Solution:

Given Data:
d A  3 cm
l A  10 cm
d B  4 cm
lB  20 cm

Note: Dear Student! As per our guidelines, we are only allowed to answer three
sub-parts of a question. Kindly repost the other parts again.

(a)

The yield stress for material A and material B from the Stress-Strain curve is:

  y A
 250 MPa

  y B  165 MPa

(b)

The Elastic modulus for material A and material B from the Stress-Strain curve
is:

EA 
 150  100  MPa  500000 MPa
 0.03  0.02  102
EB 
 100  50  MPa  100000 MPa
 0.1  0.05  102

(c)

The force P required to stretch the composite rod by 0.3 mm is:


L  LA  LB
 Pl A   PlB 
  
 AA E A   AB EB 
   
 P 100 mm   P  200 mm 
0.3 mm =    
 
   30 mm  2  500000 MPa     40 mm  2  100000 MPa 
4  4 
P  160043.4 N

Solution:

Given Data:
m  0.957 kg
P1  15 bar
V1  0.08 m3
T2  60C
V2  0.08 m3
C p  0.92 kJ/kg  K
Cv  0.657 kJ/kg  K

Note: Dear Student! As per our guidelines, we are only allowed to answer three
sub-parts of a question. Kindly repost the other parts again.

(a)

The initial temperature of the gas is:

1 1  mRT1
PV
15 105 Pa  0.08 m 3
T1 
0.957 kg  287 J/kg  K
 436.91 K
(b)

The final pressure of the gas is:


T1 T2

P1 P2
 60  273 K   15 105 Pa 
P2 
436.91 K
1 bar
 11.43 105 Pa  5
10 Pa
 11.43 bar

(c)

The change in internal energy of the gas during the process is:

u  mCv  T2  T1 
 0.957 kg  657 J/kg  K   333  436.91 K
=  65333.31 J

Negative sign indicates that the heat is lost from the system.

Solution:

The total enthalpy that should be removed will be the sum of the enthalpy of
fusion of water and the enthalpy of reaching the water
H   mh fusion    mc p   Troom  Tice  
  450 g  334 J/g    450 g  4.2 J/g  C   29.44  0  C 
1 BTU
 205941.6 J 
1055 J
 195.21 BTU

 
 D 2  V1   d 2  V2
4 4

Solution:

Given Data:
W  6000 N
u0
v  1.75 m/s
t  0.5 s

Note: Dear Student! As per our guidelines, we are only allowed to answer a
single question. Kindly repost the other question again.

(b)

The acceleration of the weight can be calculated as:

v u
a
t
1.75 m/s  0

0.5 s
 3.5 m/s 2

The cylinder force required to accelerate the weight from 0 to 1.75 m/s is:
W 
Fcylinder  W     a
 g 
 6000 N 
Fcylinder   2
 3.5 m/s 2   6000 N
 9.81 m/s 
= 8140.67 N   

(a)

The cylinder force required to move the weight at constant velocity of 1.75 m/s
is:

Fcylinder  8140.67 N   

Solution:

Option (5) is correct. None of the alternatives.

The free body diagram of the E joint is shown below:

The equilibrium equation in the vertical direction is:

 Fy  0
 4
 TEB     TED  sin 30   900 N
 5
0.8TEB  0.5TED  900....................  1

The equilibrium equation in the horizontal direction is:


 Fx  0
 3
  TEB     TED  cos 30   0
 5
0.6TEB  0.866TED  0....................  2 

Solve equation (1) and equation (2):

TEB  785.05 N
TED  543.92 N

The free body diagram of the B joint is shown below:

The equilibrium equation in the vertical direction is:

 Fy  0

 TBC  sin 30    785.05 N 


4
=0
 5
TBC  1256.08 N

The equilibrium equation in the horizontal direction is:


 Fx  0

 TBC  cos 30   TBA   785.05 N 


3
=0
 5
TBA  1558.83 N

19 28 90

-2.836 3.532 0

0.977 1.878 -4
The pressure difference between the aircraft flying at the sea level and the
aircraft flying at the altitude of 3200 m is calculated by applying the Bernoulli’s
principle:

P V2 P1 V2
 z  1  z1
 air  g 2 g   air  1  g 2 g
P  P1
 z1  z
 air 
 air1  g
 1.225 
P  P1   3200 m   9.81 m/s 2  1.225   kg/m
3

 1.11 
 3810.875 Pa

Here, 1.11 is the volume correction factor at 3200 m altitude.


The Moment due to vertical force about point O is calculated as:
M O   100 N  sin 30 20 m 
 1000 N  m  Clockwise 

F1 force
The x-component of the is:
 F1  x  F1  cos 60
 300 N  0.5
= 150 N   

F1 force
The y-component of the is:
 F1  y  F1  sin 60
 300 N  0.866
= 259.8 N   

For adiabatic compression process:


Q  0

Q  U  W  First law of thermodynamics 


U    3.5 kJ 
 3.5 kJ

Option (c) is correct.


Solution:

Given Data:
d  25.4 mm
H  50 mm
v  25 m/min
f r  0.25 mm/rev

(a)

The cutting time to complete the drilling operation is calculated as:

H
Tc 
 vf r 
 
d 
50 mm    25.4 mm

 
25 103 mm/min  0.25 mm/rev
 0.638 min

(b)

The material removal rate during the operation is calculated as:

 vf  
MRR   r    d 2
d  4
 25000 mm/min  0.25 mm/min  
     25.4 mm 
   4
 39687.5 mm3 /min
Solution:

Given Data:
P1  100 kPa
T1  20C
m  0.2 kg/s
T2  500 K
c  70%

The ideal or isentropic work to the compressor:

c  c p   T2  T1   c p   T2,ideal  T1 
T2,ideal  c   T2  T1    T1
 0.7   500 K  293 K    293 K
= 437.9 K

(a)

The exit pressure is calculated as:


1.4
P2  T2,ideal 1.4 1
 
P1  T1 
3.5
 437.9 K 
P2  100 kPa   
 293 K 
 408.11 K

(b)
The power required to drive the compressor is:

W  m  c p   T2  T1 
 0.2 kg/s 1.005 kJ/kg  K   500  293  K
= 41.607 kW

The magnitude and direction of the force about point O is calculated as:
M O   300 N  cos 30 0.6 m 
 155.88 N  m  Clockwise 

(a)

The sum of the two forces is:


R  600 N  300 N
= 300 N   

(b)

The moment at point A is:

M A   300 N  0.8 m    600 N  0.5 m 


 60 N  m  Clockwise 

(c)

The location of the resultant force at the left of A is:


R  x   600 N  0.5 m    300 N  0.8 m 
1000 mm
x  0.2 m 
1m
 200 mm at the left of A

Solution:

Given Data:
m  10 kg
u  1 m/s
k  3000 N/m
h2m

The maximum compression of the elastic spring can be calculated by equating


the sum of the kinetic energy and the potential energy of the parcel with the
potential energy stored by the spring:
1 2 1
  m  u    mgh    k  
2

2  2


 m  u    2mgh 
2


 10 kg   1 m/s     2 10 kg  9.81 m/s  2 m 
2 2

3000 N/m
 0.3662 m

Solution:

Given Data:
m  9000 kg
T  100000 kN
v  10 m/s

The free body diagram of the aircraft is shown below:


The acceleration of the aircraft is calculated as:
88290 N  100000 N   9000 kg  a
a  1.3 m/s 2

Apply the Newton’s third equation of motion to determine the vertical distance:

v 2  2aS
 10 m/s 
2

S
2  1.3 m/s 2
 38.462 m

F   W
 0.5 100 N
= 50 N

Solution:

Given Data:
P  1000 W
m  70 kg
t  30 min
c p  3 kJ/kg C
Note: Specific heat of human body is

The temperature increase at the end of the 30 min exercise will be:
P  t  mc p T
60 s
1000 W  30 min 
1 min
T 
70 kg  3000 J/kg C
 8.57C

Thus, the closest answer is 8.8. Option (E) is correct.

Solution:

Given Data:
d  60 mm
Q  2.8 dm 3 /s
P2  101325 Pa
 water  1000 kg/m3

(a)

The cross-sectional area of the pipe is:



A d2
4

   0.06 m 
2

4
 2.83 10 3 m 2

(b)

Apply the continuity equation to determine the mean velocity of the fluid:

Q  A  v
1 m3 /s
2.8 dm3 /s 
1000 dm3 /s
v
2.83  103 m 2
 0.989 m/s

(c)

The pressure at point 1 is calculated by applying the Bernoulli’s equation:

P1 v 2 101325 Pa
   50 m
 water  g 2g  water  g
 0.989 m/s  
2
P1 101325 Pa
  50 m
1000 kg/m  9.81 m/s
3 2
2  9.81 m/s 2
1000 kg/m 3  9.81 m/s 2
P1  591336 Pa
Solution:

The velocity of blood in the third vessel is:

1 m3 /s
1.5 L/min 
Q3 60000 L/min
v3  

A3
 
2
 0.25 10 2 m
4
 5.1 m/s

The force generated in the x-direction in third vessel is:

 Fx  3    A3  v32  cos 60



  0.25 102 m    5.1 m/s   cos 60
2 2
 1000 kg/m3 
4
 0.255 N   

The velocity of blood in the second vessel is:

1 m3 /s
2.5 L/min 
Q2 60000 L/min
v2  

A2   0.75  102 m 
2

4
 0.943 m/s

The force generated in the x-direction in second vessel is:

 Fx  2    A2  v22  cos 45



  0.75 102 m    0.943 m/s   cos 45
2 2
 1000 kg/m3 
4
 0.0278 N   

Thus, the net force generated at the branch by the blood in the x-direction is:

 Fx  net   Fx  3   Fx  2
  0.255  0.0278  N
= 0.2272 N   
Solution:

Given Data:
a  9 in
h  12 in

The small elemental area in the parabola of thickness dy is shown below:

The area of the small element selected is:


dA  xdy
 y
  a   dy
 h 
x
The centroid of the parabolic area can be calculated as:
h

x

0
xdA

 h y

0
a
 h
 dy

h  a y  y 
0  2 h    a h   dy
 
 
h y
0  h  dy
 a

h
 a2 y2 
 2h  2 
 0

2
ah
3
3
  9 in
8
27
= in
8

Solution:

Given Data:
L  49 m
V  32 km/h
 air  1.23 kg/m3
C p  0.4

The power available at the rotor is calculated as:


1
Protor  C p    air     L2   V 3
2
3
1
 

 0.4  1.23 kg/m 3     49 m    32 km/h 
2
2


1 m/s 

3.6 km/h 
 1303225.51 W

Thus, the closest option is (D).

Solution:

Divide the whole part into two segments as shown below:

Part m 2 x (m) y (m)


Area
A1   r 2   x1  0 y1  0
1
 2  4r 4 4r 4
2 A2  r  x2   y 2  
4 4 3 3 3 3
The location of the centroid of the shaded area can be calculated as:
A1 x1  A2 x2
x
A1  A2
   4 
  m2     m
 
4   3 
 
  
 4
4
 m
9

A1 y1  A2 y 2
y
A1  A2
   4 
  m2     m
 
4   3 
 
  
 4
4
 m
9
The equivalent concentrated load to the uniformly distributed load can be
calculated as:
Q  30 N/m  4 m
= 120 N

The load diagram of the simply supported beam is shown below:

Take the moment of all the forces about point A:


MA  0
0   120 N  2 m    50 N  6 m    By  7 m 
By  77.143 N

The resultant of the force system is:

R   120  50  N
= 170 N

The location of the resultant force from the point A is calculated as:
M A   R  x    By  7 m   0
77.143 N  7 m
x
170 N
 3.176 m

Solution:

Given Data:
m  100 kg
Q  400 L/s

The velocity of the flowing water at the depth of 3 m from the free surface is
calculated as:

25000 Pa V2
3m =
1000 kg/m 2  9.81 m/s 2 2  9.81 m/s 2
V  10.434 m/s

The component of the force in the x-direction is calculated as:

  
Fx   water  Q  V   water  Q  V  sin 25 
 1 m3 /s 
  1000 kg/m  400 L/s 
3
10.434 m/s    1  sin 25 
 1000 L/s 
 2409.76 N   

The component of the force in the y-direction is calculated as:

 
Fy    water  Q  V  cos 25   mg 
 1 m3 /s 
   1000 kg/m3  400 L/s   10.434 m/s  cos 25    100 kg  9.81 m/s 2 
 1000 L/s 
 4763.566 N   
The resultant force on the blade is:

 Fx    Fy 
2 2
R

 2409.76 N    4763.566 N  The direction of the resultant force with the


2 2

horizontal is:
 5338.4 N
 4763.566 
  tan 1  
 2409.76 
 63.17  Counter-clockwise 

Thus, the force required to hold the blade in the position is:
FB   R
 5338.4 N @63.17 counter-clockwise from the x-axis

Solution:

Given Data:
 desired  1.4 in

According to the deflection method of belt tensioning, the span of the


compressor belt is:
S 1
 desired  in
64
S  64 1.4 in
= 89.6 in
Solution:

Given Data:
 x  40 MPa
 y  80 MPa
 xy  0
  

Note: Dear Student! As per our guidelines, we are only allowed to answer a
single question. Kindly repost the other questions again.

(a)

The normal stress on the oblique face can be calculated as:

 n     x  sin 2      y  cos 2      xy  sin 2 

  40 MPa   sin 55    80 MPa   cos 55    0


2 2

   
 0.52 MPa  Compressive 

(b)

The Shear stress on the oblique face can be calculated as:

    y  
    x   sin 2    xy cos 2
 2  
 40 MPa  80 MPa  
    sin  2  55    0
 2  
 56.38 MPa  Counter-clockwise 

The transfer system of the mechanical system is:


1
X  s m

F  s s2 
k
m
Solution:

Given Data:

 sea  water  1045 kg/m 3


L5m
w3m
h  1.4 m
d  0.5 m
yc  0.7 m

The Metacentric height of the rectangular block is calculated as:


I
Hm   BG
V
L  w3
 d
 12   yc  
L  w h  2
 3 m
2
 0.5 m 
   0.7 m  
12  1.4 m  2 
 0.0857 m
Solution:

Given Data:
d  2 mm
t  0.8 mm
k  0.15 W/m C
ho  31 W/m 2 C

(a)

The critical thickness of insulation is calculated as:


k d
rc  
ho 2
0.15 W/mC 0.002 m
 
31 W/m 2 C 2
1000 mm
 3.838  103 m 
1m
 3.838 mm

(b)

The heat transfer rate without the critical thickness is:


2 LT
Q without 
r 
ln  2 
 r1   1
k ho r2
2 LT

 0.0018 
ln  
 0.001   1
0.15 W/mC 31 W/m C  0.0018 mm
2

2 LT

21.84

The heat transfer rate with the critical thickness is:


2 LT
Q with 
r 
ln  c 
 r1   1
k ho rc
2 LT

 0.003838 
ln  
 0.001   1
0.15 W/mC 31 W/m C  0.003838 mm
2

2 LT

17.37

Thus, the percentage increase in the heat transfer rate when critical thickness is
used is:
Q with  Q without
%increase = 100%
Q with
1 1

 17.37 21.84 100%
1
17.37
 20.46%

Solution:

Given Data:

Ti  1.258 s
T f  1.11Ti
l  0.59 m

The distance x at which the hole must be drilled is calculated as:


ml 2
 mx 2
T f  2 12
mgx
ml 2
 mx 2
1.11 1.258s = 2 12
mgx
l2
 x2
12  0.0494
gx
 0.59 m 
2
 12 x 2  0.0494 12  9.81 m/s 2  x
12 x 2  5.815 x  0.3481  0
x  0.4146 m, 0.07 m

Thus, the correct answer is 0.4146 m because a 11% increase in the time period
will only be possible with this distance.

The resultant velocity will be:



 R   ax i  2az k    2a y j  az k 
  a x i  2a y j  2 a z k 

Solution:

Given Data:
H  360 mm
t  20 mm
B  300 mm
(a)

The moment of inertia of the I-section about the x-axis is calculated as:

H 3t  t 3 B tB  H  t  2 
I xx  2  
12  12 4 

 360 mm    20 mm  3  300 mm 20 mm  300 mm   360 mm  20 mm  2 


3
 20 mm
  2  
12 12 4
 
 511360000 mm 4

(b)

The moment of inertia of the I-section about the y-axis is calculated as:

t3H  B 3t 
I yy   2 
12  12 
 20 mm    300 mm  3  20 mm 
3
 360 mm
  2 
12  12 
 
 90240000 mm 4

Solution:

Given Data:

 all  120 MPa

Note: Dear Student! As per our guidelines, we are only allowed to answer three
sub-parts of a question. Kindly repost the other parts again.
(a)

The maximum torque that can be applied to the solid shaft is:

Tmax 2 all

 0.2 m
  0.2 m 
4

32
  8  103 120 106 Pa
Tmax 
16
 188495.6 N  m

(b)

The maximum torque that can be applied to the hollow tube is:

Tmax 2 all

  0.2 m
  0.2 m    0.15 m  
4 4

32  
  1.094  10 3 120 106 Pa
Tmax 
16  0.2
 128883.84 N  m

(c)

Shear stress acting at point A of the shaft is shown below:


Solution:

Given Data:
R  150 mm
r  120 mm
vE  1.6 m/s

The velocity of point A (center) is:

 v 
vE  v A   r  A 
 R
 0.12 m  v A 
1.6 m/s = v A   
 0.15 m 
v A  8 m/s
Solution:

The small elemental area in the Rectangle is shown below:

The area of the small element selected is:


dA  bdy

The moment of inertia of the rectangle about the x axis is:

I xx   y 2 dA
A
h


2
h y 2
 bdy 
2
h
 b  2h  y 2  dy 

2
h
 y3  2
 b 
 3 h
2

 h  h3  3
 b     
 24  24  
bh3

12
The total moment of inertia of the cantilever beam is:

1
I  L  IO
2
LI
 O
2

The maximum deflection of the free end caused by the concentrated load is:

PL3
 max 
3EI
PL3

LI
3E  O
2
2
2 PL

3EIO

Here, E is the modulus of elasticity of the beam.

Solution:

Given Data:
L4m
d  20 cm
E  15.2 GPa
   kg/m 3

The total weight of the trunk will act at the centre of gravity of the trunk as a
concentrated load as shown:
The total weight of the trunk is calculated as:

W    d2  L g
4

 610 kg/m3    0.2 m   4 m  9.81 m/s 2
2

4
752 N

Thus, the deflection of the trunk at the center due to its own weight is calculated
as:

WL3
 max 
48EI
WL3

 
48E    d 4 
 64 
752 N   4000 mm 
3


 4
 
48  15.2  103 MPa     200 mm  
 64 
 0.84 mm

Solution:

Given Data:
P  450 W
Th  303 K
Qc  500 J/s

The coefficient of performance of the refrigerator is calculated as:


Qc
COP 
P
500 W

450 W
 1.11

Solution:

Given Data:

m  0.2 kg
F   1.6e 4 x i  N
@ x  0, v   6i  m/s

The acceleration of the mass is calculated as:


F  ma
1.6e  0.2 kg  a
4x

a  8e 4 x

dv
 8e 4 x
dt
v  8e 4 x t  C
6 m/s  8e0t  C
C  6  8t

v  8e 4 x t  6  8t
 
 8t 1  e 4 x  6

Here, C is the integration constant.


The value of x when v = 0 is:

 
0  8t 1  e 4 x  6
4t  3
e4 x 
4t
Take ln on both sides:
1  4t  3 
x  ln  
4  4t 

Solution:

Note: Dear Student! As per our guidelines, we are only allowed to answer a
single question. Kindly repost the other question again

Divide the whole part into three segments as shown below:


Part m 2 x (m) y (m)
Area
A1   80  120  mm 2 x1  60 mm y1  40 mm
1
 9600 mm 2
1 x2  60 mm y 2  100 mm
2 A2   120 mm  60 mm
2
= 3600 mm 2
  4  80 mm  4  80 mm
  80 mm 
2
3 A3  x3  40 mm +  80 mm   y 3 
4  3  3
 5026.55 mm 2  86.05 mm  33.95 mm

The location of the centroid of the shaded area can be calculated as:

A1 x1  A2 x2  A3 x3


x
A1  A2  A3


 9600 mm 2
   
 60 mm  3600 mm 2  60 mm  5026.55 mm 2  86.05 mm 
 9600  3600  5026.55  mm 2

 43.98 mm

A1 y1  A2 y 2  A3 y3
y
A1  A2  A3


 9600 mm 2
   
 40 mm  3600 mm 2  100 mm  5026.55 mm 2  33.95 mm 
 9600  3600  5026.55  mm 2
 70.15 mm
Solution:

Given Data:

 x  50 MPa
 z  30 MPa
 xz  15 MPa

The absolute maximum shear stress of the plane stress state given is:
2
   z 
   xz 
2
 max   x 
 2 

 50 MPa   30 MPa  


2

   15 MPa 
2
 
 2 
 42.72 MPa

Solution:

Given Data:
D  150 mm
d  100 mm
L  3.5 m
E  120 GPa
Le  2 L

Note: Dear Student! As per our guidelines, we are only allowed to answer a
single question. Kindly repost the other question again.
The critical load on the column can be calculated as:

 2 EI
Pcr 
L2e

 
 2  E     D4    d 4  
 64



4 L2


 
4 
 2   120  103 MPa      150 mm    100 mm  
 64
4



4   3500 mm 
2

 482001.3 N

Take the moment of all the forces about point A to calculated the reaction force
at point D:

MA  0
 2.5 kN 1 m    4.5 kN  3 m    RD  4 m   0
RD  4 kN

The equilibrium equation in the vertical direction is:


RA  RD  2.5 kN  4.5 kN = 0
RA  3 kN

Take a section Y-Y at a distance of x from the end A as shown below:


The Shear force Diagram is shown below:

The Bending moment diagram is:


Solution:
Given Data:

 0.45 m, 0, 0 
*The coordinates of point B is:

 0, 0.65 m, 0.25 m 
*The coordinates of point C is:

 0.45 m, 0.65 m, 0 
*The coordinates of point A is:

The force vector F is:


 
 CB
F  F  
 
CB
 0  0.45  i +  0.65  0  j   0.25  0  k 
 250 N  
 0.45   0.65    0.25
2 2 2

    135.71 i   196.02  j +  75.39  k  N

Thus, the moment of F about the point A can be calculated as:


 
M A  rB  F
  

 B A F 
  0.65  j     135.71 i   196.02  j +  75.39  k 
  49  i +  88.21 k  N  m

 
M A  rC  F
  

 C A F 
  0.45  i +  0.25  k      135.71 i   196.02  j +  75.39  k 
  88.21 k +  33.93  j +  33.93  j +  49  i
=  49  i   88.21 k  N  m
Solution:

Given Data:
N1  2000 rpm
T1  144
D1  360 mm
T2  72
D2  90 mm
C  750 mm

Note: Dear Student! As per our guidelines, we are only allowed to answer three
sub-parts of a question. Kindly repost the other parts again.

The output rotational speed is:


N1 T2

N 2 T1
2000 rpm  72
N2 
144
 1000 rpm

(a)

The velocity ratio is:


N1
r 2
N2

(b)

The angular velocity of the output shaft is:


2
2  N 2 
60
 104.72 rad/s

(c)

The linear belt speed is:


D2
v  2 
2
 104.72 rad/s  0.045 m
= 4.712 m/s

Solution:

Given Data:
Pmax  980 N
Pmin  400 N
C  6.8
FOS  1.25
 y  770 MPa
 e  350 MPa
 max  30 mm
G  80 kN/mm 2
Note: Dear Student! As per our guidelines, we are only allowed to answer three
sub-parts of a question. Kindly repost the other parts again.

The amplitude load is:


Pmax  Pmin
Pa   290 N
2

The mean load is:


Pmax  Pmin
Pm   690 N
2

The amplitude stress is calculated as:

 4C  1 0.615 
8    Pa  D
 4C  4 C 
a 
d3
 26.2 0.615 
8    290 N  6.8
 23.2 6.8 

d2
6125.17

d2

The mean stress is calculated as:

 4C  1 0.615 
8    Pa  D
 4C  4 C 
m 
d3
 26.2 0.615 
8    690 N  6.8
 23.2 6.8 

d2
14573.68

d2
The wire diameter is calculated as:
1   2
 m a a
FOS y e
14573.68 6125.17 6125.17
 2
1 d 2
d 2
d2
 
1.25 770 MPa 350 MPa
d  8 mm

The diameter of the spring is calculated as:


D
C
d
D  6.8  8 mm
55 mm

The number of turns is calculated as:

8 Pmax  D 3  n
 max 
Gd 4
8  980 N   55 mm   n
3

30 mm =
80000 MPa   8 mm 
4

n8

(4)

The free length of the spring is calculated as:

L f  nd  1.15 max
  8  8 mm    1.15  30 mm 
 98.5 mm

(5)

The Shear stress factor is calculated as:


1
Ks  1
2C
1
 1
2  6.8
 1.074

(6)

The Wahl’s correction factor is calculated as:

 4C  1 0.615 
K ws   
 4C  4 C 
 26.2 0.615 
 
 23.2 6.8 
 1.237

Solution:

Given Data:
R  287 J/kg  K
T  55C
u  1130 J/kg

The pressure of the air can be calculated as:


P   air  R  T
 
 1.293 kg/m 3  287 J/kg  K   55  273  K
= 121717.85 Pa

Thus, the enthalpy of the air is calculated as:


P
hu
 air
 121717.85 Pa 
 1130 J/kg +  3 
 1.293 kg/m 
 95266 J/kg
The velocity at the center is calculated as:

V1  2 g   h1  h2  h3 

 2  9.81m/s 2   0.03 m  0.07 m  0.471 m 


 3.35 m/s

The height h is calculated as:

 
Patm   

  898 kg/m3  9.81 m/s 2    Patm
 
  


   h  0.12 m  
 
    998 kg/m  9.81 m/s   0.06 m  0.12 m   
3 2

898h  107.76  179.64


100 cm
h  0.08 m 
1m
 8 cm

The pipe pressure is calculated as:

  1000 kg/m 3   9.81 m/s 2  


  
   0.45 m   
  
  1.293 kg/m3   9.81 m/s 2    Patm
   
PA      
   0.3 m       1.3  1000 kg/m   9.81 m/s   0.4 m   
3 2

 
  13 1000 kg/m 3   9.81 m/s 2  
  
   0.15 m   

PA  23547.81 Pa  106426.2 Pa
PA  82878.39 Pa

Solution:

Note: Dear Student! As per our guidelines, we are only allowed to answer three
sub-parts of a question. Kindly repost the other parts again.

The free body diagram of the simply supported beam is shown below:
Take the moment of all the forces about point A to calculate the reaction force
at point C:
MA  0
 800 N 1 m    C y  4 m   0
C y  200 N

The equilibrium equation in the vertical direction is:

 Fy  0
Ay  C y  800 N = 0
Ay  600 N

(a)

The maximum bending moment in the beam is:

M max  600 N  m

The maximum fiber stress can be calculated as:


M max 
 max
I 50 mm
600 N  m  0.05 m
 max 
 0.06 m   0.1 m  3 
 
 12 
 
 6 10 N/m  Compressive 
6 2

(b)
At the mid-span, the bending moment in the beam is:

M x  2 m  400 N  m

The fiber stress located 10 mm from the top of the beam at mid-span can be
calculated as:
M x 2 m  y 40 mm

I 40 mm
400 N  m  0.04 m
 y  40mm 
 0.06 m   0.1 m  3 
 
 12 
 
 3.2  10 N/m  Compressive 
6 2

(c)

The bending moment in the beam at 1 m from support A is:

M x 1 m  600 N  m

The fiber stress located 10 mm from the top of the beam at mid-span can be
calculated as:
M x 1 m  y 40 mm

I 40 mm
600 N  m  0.04 m
 y 40mm 
 0.06 m   0.1 m  3 
 
 12 
 
 4.8  10 N/m  Compressive 
6 2

The Shear force along the plane x-y at point A is:

Fy  540 N

Thus, the shear stress  xy at point A is calculated as:


Fy
  A  xy  
d2
4
540 N  4

   40 mm 
2

 0.430 MPa

Solution:

Given Data:
vc  8 ft/s
L  85 ft
(a)

The car is travelling at constant speed. That means the acceleration of the car
must be zero. The speed of the rope must be same as the speed of the car. Thus,
the speed of the box when    is calculated as:

 vB     vc  cos 20


 8 ft/s  cos 20
 7.52 ft/s

(b)

The speed of the box when   3 is calculated as:

 vB   3  vc  cos 30


 8 ft/s  cos 30
 6.93 ft/s
Solution:

Divide the whole part into 4 segments as shown below:

Part m 2 x (m) y (m)


Area
 45 m y1  5 m
  5 m
2
1 A1  x1  
2 3
 39.27 m 2  2.12 m
1 x2  3.33 m 4
2 A2  10 m  4 m y 2  6 m  m
2 3
= 20 m 2 = 7.33 m
A3   10  6  m 2 x3  5 m y3  3 m
3
 60 m 2
 43 m y 4  1.91 m
  3 m
2
4 A4  x4  10 m 
4 2
 7.07 m 2  8.09 m

The location of the centroid of the shaded area can be calculated as:

A1 x1  A2 x2  A3 x3  A4 x4


x
A1  A2  A3  A4


 39.27 m 2
     
 2.12 m  20 m 2  3.33 m  60 m 2  5 m  7.07 m 2  8.09 m 
 39.27  20  60  7.07  m 2

 2.016 m

A1 y1  A2 y 2  A3 y 3  A4 y 4
y
A1  A2  A3  A4


 39.27 m 2
     
 5 m  20 m 2  7.33 m  60 m 2  3 m  7.07 m 2 1.91 m 
 39.27  20  60  7.07  m 2
 4.54 m

Solution:

Given Data:
TBC  1500 N

Take the moment of all the forces about point A:


MA  0
 150 kg  9.81 m/s 2  sin 60 2.5 m    F 1.5 m  sin 30  
 
  4   3  0
 T
  BC   2.5 m  sin 30   T
  BC   2.5 m  cos 30  
  5   5  
0.75 F   2.3 1500 N   3185.89
F  352.147 N

The equilibrium equation in the vertical direction is:

 Fy  0
 3
Ay   1500 N     150 kg  9.81 m/s 2   0
 5
Ay  571.5 N   

The equilibrium equation in the horizontal direction is:


 Fx  0
 4
Ax  F   TBC    0
 5
Ax  847.853 N   

Solution:

Given Data:
m  0.25 kg
u  30 m/s
FD  0.9 N

(a)

The maximum height reached by the ball neglecting the air resistance is:

u2
S max 
2g
 30 m/s 
2


2  9.81 m/s 2
 45.87 m

(b)

The acceleration of the ball considering the air resistance is:


mg  F  ma

a
 0.25 kg  9.81 m/s   0.9 N
2

0.25 kg
 13.41 m/s 2

The maximum height reached by the ball considering the air resistance is:

u2
S max 
2a
 30 m/s 
2


2  13.41 m/s 2
 33.56 m

Solution:

Given Data:
m  0.5 kg
P1  2 MPa
T1  250C
n  1.25
T2  330 K

The volume at the end of the expansion process can be calculated as:
n 1
T2  V1 
 
T1  V2 
V1
V2  1
 T2  n 1
 
 T1 
1
 mRT1  n
 
 P1 
 1
 T2  n 1
 
 T1 
1
 0.5 kg  287 J/kg  K   250  273 K 1.25
 
 2  106 Pa 
 1
 330 1.251
 
 250  273 
0.0724 m3

0.1585
 0.457 m 3
The pressure after the expansion process is:
n
T  n 1
P2  P1   2 
 T1 
1.25
 330 1.251

 2  10 Pa  
6
 
 250  273 
 200028.2 Pa

Thus, the work done during the expansion process is:

2 2  PV
PV
W 1 1
1 n


  
200028.2 Pa  0.457 m 3  2000000 Pa  0.0724 m 3 
1  1.25
 213548.45 J

Solution:

Given Data:
d  0.3 in
v  0.4

The shear modulus from the Shear stress-strain diagram is:


60000 psi
G
0.003
 20  106 psi

(a)

The modulus of elasticity is calculated as:

E  2G  1  v 
 2  20000000 psi 1.4
= 56 106 psi

(b)

The force P required to cause the material to yield in shear is:

60 ksi
Pyield 

  0.3 in 
2
2
4
 424.4 kip

Solution:
Given Data:
v A  2 m/s
aB  50 m/s 2

(a)

The angular velocity of the pulley is calculated as:


vA

0.075 m
2 m/s

0.075 m
 26.67 rad/s

(b)

The angular acceleration of the pulley is calculated as:


aB

0.4 m
50 m/s 2

0.4 m
 125 rad/s 2

(c)

The velocity magnitude at C is calculated as:


vC  0.36 m  
  m  26.67 rad/s
= 9.6012 m/s

(d)
The tangential acceleration at C can be calculated as:

 at  C  0.36 m  
  m 125 rad/s 2
 45 m/s 2

(e)

The normal acceleration at C can be calculated as:

 an  C  0.36 m   2
  m   26.67 rad/s 
2

 256.064 m/s 2

The amount of solid-solution phase can be calculated as:

 x x 
mss   ss  1kg
x 
 ss l x
 85  60 
=  1 kg
 85  45 
= 0.625 kg

The amount of liquid phase can be calculated as:

 x  xl 
ml     1kg
 xss  xl 
 60  45 
=  1 kg
 85  45 
= 0.375 kg

The velocity of pulley C is:


vA 1
vC  
2 2
3m/s

4
 0.75 m/s  Upward 

The velocity of point B is:

vC
vB 
2
 0.375 m/s  Upward 

Solution:

Given Data:
P  2.4 kW
N  150 rpm
 all  84 MPa

The torque transmitted by the shaft is calculated as:


2 NT
P
60
60  2400 W
T
2 150 rpm
 152.8 N  m
The smallest diameter of the shaft to the nearest multiples of 5 mm is calculated
by applying the torsion equation:

T 2 all

 d min
  d min 
4

32
16 152.8 N  m
 d min 
3

  84  106 Pa
1000 mm
d min  0.021 m 
1m
 21 mm
Nearest value in the multiple of 5 mm is:
25 mm

Solution:

The uniform distributed reaction force from the ground is:

q 12 ft =  24 kips + 2  6 kips  


q  3 kip/ft  Upward direction 

The Shear force between A and C is calculated as:


V A C  3 x  2 x
x

The Bending moment between A and C is calculated as:

2 x2 3x2
M A C   
2 2
 0.5 x 2

The Shear force at point C is calculated as:


VC  3 kips

The Bending moment at C is calculated as:


M C  4.5 kips-ft
The Shear force between C and D is calculated as:
VC  D  3x  6

The Bending moment between C and D is calculated as:

 3  3x 2
M C  D  6 kips   x   
 2 2
 1.5 x 2  6 x  9

The Shear force at D is calculated as:


VD  12 kips

The Bending moment at D is calculated as:


M D  27 kips-ft

The Shear force diagram for the entire beam is shown below:
The bending moment diagram for the entire beam is shown below:
(a)

The component of the resultant force in the horizontal direction is calculated as:

  Rx   250 N  cos 36.87    500 N  sin 60   300 N


=  533 N  

The component of the resultant force in the vertical direction is calculated as:

  Ry    250 N  sin 36.87    500 N  cos 60 


=100 N  
The resultant force is calculated as:

 Rx    Ry 
2 2
R

 533 N    100 N 
2 2

 542.3 N

Thus, option (c) is correct.

(b)

The resultant moment of the three forces acting on the beam about C is
calculated as:

 250 N  cos 36.87 3 m    250 N  sin 36.87 0.5 m  


MC   
   500 N  cos 60 0.2 m    500 N  sin 60 2 m    300 N 1 m  
 441.1 N  m  counter-clockwise 

Thus, option (e) is correct.


(c)

The resultant moment of the three forces acting on the beam about D is
calculated as:

 250 N  sin 36.87 0.5 m  


MD   
   500 N  cos 60 0.2 m    500 N  sin 601 m    300 N  2 m  
 1158 N  m  Clockwise 

Thus, option (f) is correct.

The fin index is calculated as:

2h
m
kt
2  154 W/m 2  K

235 W/m  K  0.005 m
 16.2 m 1

The efficiency of the given fin can be calculated as:

 tanh  mL  
    100%
 mL 
 tanh  16.2 m 1  0.05 m  
   100%
 16.2 m 1  0.05 m 
 
 82.67%
(a)

The component of the resultant force in the x- direction is calculated as:

  Rx   25 N  cos 45    50 N  cos 30 


= 60.98 N

The component of the resultant force in the y-direction is calculated as:

Ry   25 N  cos 15    50 N  cos 60 


= 49.15 N

The resultant force is calculated as:

 Rx    Ry 
2 2
R

 533 N    100 N 
2 2

 542.3 N

Thus, option (c) is correct.

The conversion of 300 lb-s to N-s is:

 4.448 N   1 s 
300 lb  s        1334.4 N  s
 1 lb   1 s 
3 3
The conversion of 52 slugs/ft to kg/m is:

515.379 kg/m3
52 slugs/ft 3   26799.71 kg/m3
1 slugs/ft 3
Solution:

Given Data:

A  298 mm 2
L  10 m
P  28 kN
L  4.98 mm

(a)

The tensile strain is calculated as:


L

L
4.98 mm

10000 mm
 4.98 104

(b)

The elongation percentage is calculated as:


%Elongation is:
 4.98104 100%
 0.0498%

(c)

The modulus of elasticity is calculated as:


PL
E
AL
28000 N 10000 mm

298 mm 2  4.98 mm
 188674.16 MPa

(c)
Solution:

Given Data:
Q  35 ltr/s
V  4.75 m/s

The diameter of the pipe can be calculated as:



Q  d 2 V
4
3
1m /s 
35 ltr/s    d 2  4.75 m/s
1000 ltr/s 4
1000 mm
d  0.0968 m 
1m
 96.86 mm

Solution:

Given Data:
d  35 mm
V  3.5 m/s

The discharge of the pipe can be calculated as:



Q  d 2 V
4

   0.035 m    3.5 m/s 
2

4
1000 ltr/s
  3.367  103 m 3 /s  
1 m3 /s
 3.367 ltr/s
Solution:

Given data:
  40
F  70 kN

The component of the resultant force in the x- direction is calculated as:

 1   3
  Rx   100 kN     80 kN  5    70 kN  cos 40 
 2  
= 65.1 kN   

The component of the resultant force in the y-direction is calculated as:

 1   4
  Ry   100 kN     80 kN  5    70 kN  sin 40 
 2  
=  38.28 kN   

The resultant force is calculated as:

 Rx    Ry 
2 2
R

 65.1 kN    38.28 kN 
2 2

 75.52 kN

The direction of the resultant force measured clockwise from the positive x-axis
is calculated as:

 38.28 
  tan 1  
 65.1 
 30.456
(a)

The discharge of the flowing fluid for 44.5 cm manometer reading is calculated
as:

  0.139 m   2  9.81 m/s 2  0.445 m
2
Q
4
 0.0448 m3 /s

(b)

The discharge of the flowing fluid for 48.5 cm manometer reading is calculated
as:

  0.139 m   2  9.81 m/s 2  0.485 m
2
Q
4
 0.0468 m3 /s

Solution:

Given Data:
V  1 m/s
d  11 mm
  4 103 N  s/m 2

The Reynold’s number for the given flow of water is calculated as:
 water  V  d
Re 

1000 kg/m 3 1 m/s  0.011 mm

1.14  103 N  s/m 2
 9649.122
The new elongation of the rod after the boring is:
Lnew  L  0.15L
 1.15L
 1.15  0.636 mm
= 0.7314 mm

Thus, the total new elongation will be the sum of the elongation of the length in
which boring is done and the elongation of the solid rod in which no boring is
done.

Let x be the length upto which boring is done from one end. The total
elongation of the rod is now:

PLbore PLwithout boring


Lnew  
AE AE
P  x P  L  x
 
AE AE
P  x P  2.5 m  x 
 
AE AE
P
As is the normal stress in the solid rod    :
A
 b x   2.5  x 
0.7314  103 m  
E E
Here,  b is the normal stress in the hollow bored part.
Solution:

Given Data:
r  20
P1  95 kPa
T1  20C
T3  2200 K

The cut-off ratio of the diesel engine is:


T3
rc 
T1   r 
 

2200 K

 20  273 K   20 
1.4 1

 2.265

(a)

Thus, the thermal efficiency of the engine is calculated as:

  1 r   1  
  1      c    100%
   
 r   rc  1   
  1  2.265   1  
1.4

 1      100%

   20 
1.4 
1.4   2.265  1  
 63.52%

(b)

The mean effective pressure of the engine is calculated as:

MEP   
  c p  r  P1  T3  T1   r 
  

 
R  T1   r  1

  
0.6352  1.005 kJ/kg  K  20  95 kPa   2200 K  293 K   20 
1.4 
 
0.287 kJ/kg  K  293 K   20  1
 932.89 kPa
Solution:

Given Data:

 w  1000 kg/m3
P1  5 104 Pa
d1  4 cm
y  2.8 m
P2  1104 Pa
d 2  2 cm
g  10 m/s 2

The velocity of flow at the higher can be written in terms of velocity of lowest
point by applying the continuity equation:

d12  V1  d 22  V2
 0.04 m  0.04 m 
V2  V1  
 0.02 m  0.02 m 
 4V1

The velocity of water at the lowest point can be calculated by applying the
Bernoulli’s equation between 1 and 2:

P1 V12 P V2
  z1  2  2  y
w g 2 g w g 2 g
 5 10 4
Pa


V12
0

1 104 Pa 
 4V1 
2

 2.8 m
1000 kg/m3 10 m/s 2 2 10 m/s 2 1000 kg/m 3 10 m/s 2 2 10 m/s 2
0.75V12  4  2.8
V1 1.3 m/s
Solution:

Given Data:

A2  1530 mm 2

The axial load on the bar (2) is:

P2  275 kN  compressive 

The magnitude of the normal stress in bar (2) is calculated as:


P2
2 
A2
275000 N

1530 mm 2
 179.74 MPa  Compressive 
Solution:

Given Data:

m  55 103 kg
c  0.12 kg/s
k  859 N/m
  120 rad/s
FO  12 N/kg

(a)

The natural frequency of the system is:

k
n 
m
859 N/m

55 10 3 kg
 124.97 rad/s

(b)

The damping ratio of the system is:


c

cc
c

2 mk
0.12 kg/s

2  55 10 3
kg   859 N/m
 0.00873
(c)

The steady-state response of the system is:


FO
X
2 2
   2    2 
k  1   2     
  n    n 
12 N/kg

2
   120 rad/s  2    2  0.00873 120 rad/s  2
859 N/m  1      
   124.97 rad/s    
2
124.97 rad/s 
 0.00964 m
Solution:

Given Data:
m1  40 kg
m2  9 kg
 s  0.6
k  0.4
F  102 N

(a)

The vertical acceleration of the block will be zero. The horizontal acceleration
of the block is calculated as:

F  m2  a2  x   k  m2  g

a  
 0.4  9 kg  9.81 m/s   102 N
2

2 x
9 kg
 7.41 m/s 2

 a2  y  0

Thus, the resulting acceleration of the block is:



a2   7.41 i +  0  j m/s 2

(b)

The vertical acceleration of the slab will be zero. The horizontal acceleration of
the slab is calculated as:

m1  a1  x   k  m2  g  0

a  
 0.4  9 kg  9.81 m/s 
2

1 x
40 kg
 0.883 m/s 2

 a1  y  0

Thus, the resulting acceleration of the block is:



a1   0.883 i +  0  j m/s 2
Solution:

Given Data:
Re  11090
d  23 mm
   103 N  s/m 2

The velocity of flow of water can be calculated as:


 water  V  d
Re =

V
 1.14 10 3
N  s/m 2  11090
1000 kg/m3  0.023 m
 0.55 m/s

Solution:

Given Data:
A  5.85
B  5.2
C  4.1
D6

The coefficient of discharge will be the slope of the given graph and can be
calculated as:
A B
Cd 
D C
5.85  5.2

6  4.1
 0.342
Solution:

Given Data:
h2  289 mm
h1  303mm
Q  174 ltr/hr
A1  338.6 mm 2
A2  84.6 mm 2

The coefficient of discharge of the venture meter is calculated as:


Cd  A2
Q  2 g  h1  h2 
2
A 
1  2 
 A1 
 1 m2 
C d   84.6 mm 2
 
1 m3 /s  106 mm 2 
174 ltr/hr    2  9.81 m/s 2   0.014 m 
3.6  10 ltr/hr
6
 84.6 mm 2 
2

1  2 
 338.6 mm 

Cd  1.056

The moment due to the force about point P is calculated as:

 3   4 
M P  100 N   5 m    100 N   2 m 
 5   5 
 460 N  m  Clockwise 

Thus, option (a) is correct.


The SI unit for force is:

F   N  or  kg  m  s 2  ................  1

The SI unit for rate of change of momentum is:

p  m  v............  2 
Differentiate once with respect to time:
dp dv
 m
dt dt
  kg  m  s 2  or  N 

Thus, force and the rate of change of momentum units are same.

Divide equation (1) by the area, stress over a cross-sectional area is:
F
   N  m 2 
A

Divide equation (2) by the area, momentum flux through a cross-sectional area
is:
p
  N  m 2 
A
Solution:

Given Data:
  
P  80 N
W  40 N
L2m

The free body diagram of the cantilever beam is shown below:

The equilibrium equation in the horizontal direction is:


 Fx  0
RAx   P  cos    0
RAx  80 N  cos 63
 36.32 N   

The equilibrium equation in the vertical direction is:

 Fy  0
RAy  W   P  sin    0
RAy   80 N  sin 63   40 N

 
 111.3 N 

Take the moment of all the forces about point A:


 L
M A   W     P  sin   L   0
 2
 2m
M A   40 N     80 N  sin 63 2 m 
 2 
 182.56 N  m  Counter-clockwise 

Solution:

Given Data:
S  225 mm
an  118 m/s 2
at  43 m/s 2

The distance OC can be calculated as:

 0.225 m   
2 2 0.225 m 
OC   
3  2 
 0.13 m

The value of angular velocity can be calculated as:


2
 d 
an     OC
 dt 
  2  OC
118 m/s 2

0.13 m
 30.13 rad/s

Solution:

Given Data:
m p  2440 kg
v  81 km/h
t  14 s
mt  472 kg

The acceleration of the pick-up truck is:

v
a
t
1 m/s
81 km/h 
3.6 km/h

14 s
 1.607 m/s 2

The time taken by the pick-up truck attached to trailer is:

mp  a 
m p  mt   v
t
 1 m/s 
 2440 kg  472 kg    81 km/h  
 3.6 km/h 
2440 kg 1.607 m/s 2 
t
t  16.71 s

Solution:

Given Data:
Li  100 cm
L f  102 cm
P  10 N

(a)

The deflection is calculated as:


L  L f  Li
  102  100  cm
= 2 cm

(b)

The strain rate is calculated as:


L

Li
2 cm

100 cm
 0.02

(c)

The stiffness is calculated as:


P
k
L
10 N

2 cm
 5 N/cm

The average DTI reading in mm is calculated as:


1
 8  18  9   in
DTI avg  1000
3
25.4 mm
 0.012 in 
1 in
 0.305 mm

Solution:

Given Data:
D  10 cm
Q  20 ltr/s
h  60 cm
Cd  0.98

(a)
The Throat diameter of the venture meter can be calculated as:
Cd  A2
Q  2 g h
2
A 
1  2 
 A1 
1 m 3 /s 0.98  A2  A1
20 ltr/s  3
  2  9.81 m/s 2   0.6 m 
10 ltr/s A1  A2
2 2

A12  A22
 168.121
A1  A2
2 2
 2  2
   0.1 m    A2  28264.67     0.1 m    A2
2 2

4  4 

  d   4.744 103 m 2
2

4
100 cm
 0.0777 m 
1m
 7.77 cm

(b)

The difference in the reading of mercury gauge can be calculated as:


Cd  A2
Q  2 g h
2
A 
1  2 
 A1 

20 ltr/s 
 3
1 m 3 /s 0.98  4.744  10 m  7.85 10 m

2 3 2
  
 2  9.81 m/s 2  h
3
10 ltr/s
   
2 2
7.85  103 m 2  4.744 103 m 2

2  9.81 m/s 2  h  3.427


100 cm
h  0.598 m 
1m
 59.8 cm
Solution:

The gage pressure of the gasoline line can be calculated as:

 Pgasoline    water  g  0.45 m  


Pgage   oil  g  0.5 m    
    Hg  g  0.1 m     gasoline  g  0.22 m  


 Pgasoline  1000 kg/m3  9.81 m/s 2  0.45 m 
 

  
370000 Pa  0.79 1000 kg/m 3  9.81 m/s 2  0.5 m     13.6 1000 kg/m3  9.81 m/s 2  0.1 m 
    

  0.70  1000 kg/m 3  9.81 m/s 2  0.22 m 
 

1 kPa
Pgasoline  354608.11 Pa 
1000 Pa
 354.61 kPa

Solution:

Given Data:
L2m
W  720 N
(a)

The law of lever is the sum of the moments due to both the load and the effort
on the lever must be zero about the fulcrum.

(b)

The diagram of the lever is shown below:

(c)

The effort needed to balance the load can be calculated by applying the law of
lever:
MF  0
W 1.2 m = P  0.8 m
720 N 1.2 m
P
0.8 m
 1080 N

(d)

The percent efficiency of the lever can be calculated as:


 720 N 
 1080 N 
   100%
 1 
 
 
 66.67%

The reaction moment about the y-axis can be calculated as:


M y   1000 N  0.55 m    1200 N  sin 10 0.22 m 
 504.2 N  m  Clockwise 

The reaction moment about the x-axis can be calculated as:

M x   1200 N  cos 10 0.22 m 


 260 N  m  Counter-Clockwise 

Thus, the resultant reaction moment at the O bearing is:

 Mx  My
2 2
M

 260 N  m    504.2 N  m 
2 2

 567.3 N  m

The free body diagram of the block A is shown below:


The equilibrium equation along the direction of the inclined plane is:

T  mA a A   250 lb  cos 60 


 250 lb 
T  2
 a A   125
 32.2 ft/s 
T  7.764a A  125.....................  1

Also, the acceleration of the block B will just be the half of the acceleration of
the block A:
aA
aB 
2

The free body diagram of the block B is shown below:

The equilibrium equation in the vertical direction is:


400 lb +  mB aB   2T
 400 lb 
2T   2
 aB   400
 32.2 ft/s 
 6.21 a A 
T    200
 2 
T  3.105a A  200........................  2 

Solve equation (1) and equation (2):


T  178.57 lb
a A  6.9 m/s 2
aB  3.45 m/s 2
The distance y  to the centroid is calculated as:
A1 y1  A2 y2  A3 y3  A4 y4  A5 y5
y
A1  A2  A3  A4  A5
 L    L4   L1  L2    L4     L3  L4  L5   
  L3   L1  L2    3     
  3 L     2 L2   L3  L4  L 5    
 2    2   3    2 
 
  L3    L4   L1  L2    L4   
   L3   L1  L2    2     2
   L3   
3   
   
 
  L4   L1  L2   
  L3   L1  L2     2
   2 L2   L3  L4  L5   
   
  L4   L1  L2   
   L3   L1  L2      
  2  
 
 105   100   460  90    100   
  105   460  90          105   
 2    2   3   
 
   180  105  100  660   105  100  660   
   
2
 
   
  105  100   460  90   
 100  
   105   460  90          105   
  2    2   3   
 
  105   460  90    100   460  90     180   105  100  660   
  2  
 
 100   460  90   
   105   460  90     2
 
   
 
 
 
 


 38850  52.5   18500 138.33   155700  432.5   38850  52.5   18500 138.33
38850  18500  155700  38850  18500
 283.053 mm
(a)

The force vector along AB is calculated as:

   4.5 m  sin 45   0 i    4.5 m  cos 45   0 j   0  6 m k 


FAB  900 N   
  4.5 m  sin 45   0    4.5 m  cos 45   0   0  6 m 
2 2 2
 
 3.182  i   3.182  j   6  k  m
 900 N  
7.5 m
  381.84  i   381.84  j   720  k  N

The force vector along AC is calculated as:

  3 m  i   6 m  j   6 m  k 
FAC  600 N  
  3  2    6  2    6  2 
 
 3 i   6  j   6  k  m
 600 N  
9m
  200  i   400  j   400  k  N

Thus, the resultant force acting at A can be calculated as:

  
FR  FAB  FAC
  381.84  i   381.84  j   720  k  N   200  i   400  j   400  k  N
=  181.84  i   781.84  j   1120  k  N

(b)

The coordinate direction angles of the resultant force are:


 
181.84
  cos 
1 
 
  181.84    781.84    1120 
2 2 2

 181.84 
 cos 1  
 1377.947 
 82.42

 
781.84
  cos 1  
 
  181.84    781.84    1120 
2 2 2

 781.84 
 cos 1  
 1377.947 
 124.57

 
1120
  cos 1  
 
  181.84    781.84    1120 
2 2 2

 1120 
 cos 1  
 1377.947 
 144.37

The free body diagram of the given beam is shown below:


The equilibrium equation in the horizontal direction is:
 Fx  0
Ax   10 kN  cos 30   0
Ax  8.66 kN   

The equilibrium equation in the vertical direction is:

 Fy  0
Ay  6 kN + 8 kN+  10 kN  sin 30   0
Ay  7 kN   

Take the moment of all the forces about point A:

 M A   6 kN  2 m    8 kN  4 m   10 kN  sin 30  6  3  cos 30  



 0
 20 kN  m  10 kN  cos 30  3  sin 30   
M A  25  95
 70 kN  m  Clockwise 

Solution:
Given Data:
m  4.02 gm
xmax  0.035 m
k  315830.996 N/m

The speed of the bullet when it hit the timber can be calculated by equating the
kinetic energy of the bullet with the potential energy stored in the spring:

1 1
 m  v 2   k  xmax
2

2 2
315830.996 N/m   0.035 m 
2

v
 1 kg 
 4.02 gm  
 1000 gm 
 310.229 m/s

Thus, option (c) is correct.


(a)

The maximum and minimum limit of hole is:

 d hole  max  30.25 mm


 d hole  min  29.85 mm

The maximum and minimum limit of shaft is:


d shaft max  30.15 mm

d shaft min  29.75 mm

(b)

The tolerance for hole is:

Tolerance hole   d hole  max   d hole  min


 30.25 mm  29.85 mm
= 0.4 mm

The tolerance for shaft is:

Tolerance shaft   d shaft    d shaft 


max min

 30.15 mm  29.75 mm
= 0.4 mm

(c)

The allowance in the upper limit is:

Allowance =  d hole  max   d shaft 


max

 30.25 mm  30.15 mm
= 0.1 mm

The allowance in the lower limit is:


c
(d)

The type of fit is Clearance fit.

The level in the tank is falling at the rate of:


 
Q   1 m 2  2  9.81 m/s 2  10 m
4
 11 m3 /s


  10 m   L  11 m 3 /s
2

4
L  0.14 m/s

Thus, the level of the water in the tank drops to 0.14 m for every second.

The correct value of W is:

 0.4 m  
 25 N    W  1.4 m =  25 N 1 m    W  2 m 
 1.4 m  
W  25 N
(a)

The velocity equation is:

for, 0  t  10
ds
v  0.6t
dt

for, 10  t  30
ds
v 6
dt

The v-t graph is shown below:


(a)

(b)

The acceleration equation is:

for, 0  t  10
d 2s
a  0.6
dt 2

for, 10  t  30
d 2s
a 0
dt 2

The a-t graph is shown below:


Solution:

Given Data:
m  45 kg
F  750 N
d  1.75 m

The free body diagram of the system is shown below:


The equilibrium equation in the horizontal direction is:
 Fx  0
   
2 2
F   TAC    T  0
   AB 2 
 2   1.75   2    3.25  
2 2 2
  
0.524TAB  0.752TAC  750 N..............  1

The equilibrium equation in the vertical direction is:


 Fy  0
   
T  1.75   T  3.25    mg   0
 AC   AB 2 
 2   1.75   2    3.25 
2 2 2
  
0.852TAB  0.659TAC  441.45 N..............  2 

Solve equation (1) and equation (2):

TAB  549.4 N
TAC  1380.15 N

The SI unit of surface roughness is microns:

ra  12.5  m

The force vector along AC is calculated as:



FAC  FAC 
 2i  6 j  3k 
 2    6    3
2 2 2

 FAC 
 2i  6 j  3k  m
7m
 2  6  3  
  FAC  i   FAC  j+  FAC  k  N.................  1
 7  7  7  

The force vector along AD is calculated as:



FAD  FAD 
 1.5i  6 j  2k 
 1.5   6    2 
2 2 2

 FAD 
 1.5i  6 j  2k  m
6.5 m
 15   6   2  
   FAD  i   FAD  j +  FAD  k  N............  2 
 65   6.5   6.5  

The force vector along AB is calculated as:



FAB   FAB  j...............  3

The weight vector of the flowerpot is:




W  65 kg  9.81 m/s 2 
  637.65  k.......................  4 

Separate the i, j, k coefficients from equation (1), (2), (3) and (4):

2   15 
i:  FAC    FAD   0
7   65 
 6   6 
j:   FAC    FAD   FAB  0
 7   6.5 
3   2 
k:  FAC    FAD   637.65  0
7   6.5 

Solve:

FAC  787.685 N
FAD  975.23 N
FAB  1575.37 N

Solution:

Given Data:
W  0.017 kN
P  150 kPa

The area of the cylinder is calculated as:


W
P
A
0.017 kN
A
150 kPa
 1.133 104 m 2

The energy emitted from the body is:

     
Eemitted   40 W/m 2    40 W/m 2    40 W/m 2    40 W/m 2 
 
  40 W/m 2    0.7  40 W/m    0  40 W/m    0  40 W/m   
2 2 2
 
 12 W/m 2

Option (a) is correct.

Solution:

Given Data:

1  2.21 kg/m 3
V1  45 m/s
A1  80 cm 2
 2  0.762 kg/m 3
V2  150 m/s

(a)

The mass flow rate through the nozzle is calculated as:


m 1  m 2  1  A1  V1
 1 m2 
 2.21 kg/m3   80 cm 2  2 
 45 m/s
 10000 cm 
= 0.7956 kg/s
(b)

The exit area of the nozzle is calculated as:


m 2   2  A2  V2
0.7956 kg/s
A2 
0.762 kg/m 3 150 m/s
10000 cm 2

 6.96 10 m 3 2

1 m2

 69.6 cm 2

Solution:

Given Data:

   kg/m 3
Q1  0.5 m 3 /s
d A  10 cm
d B  12 cm
d1  30 cm
VA  VB

The net flow rate through the pipe 1 must be same as the sum of the flow rate of
pipe A and pipe B:
Q1  QA  QB
   
   d A2  VA     d B2  VB 
4  4 
   
   d A2  VA     d B2  VA   Since, VA  VB 
4  4 
   
0.5 m 3 /s =    0.1 m   VA      0.12 m   VA 
2 2

4  4 
VA  VB  26.1 m/s

The velocity of the bead at any time t is given as:



 
ˆ
 ˆ  r
v  rr

 urˆ   utˆ 

The acceleration of the bead at any time t is given as:



a  r 2 rˆ  Coriolli's acceleration
 ut 2 rˆ  2uˆ

Solution:

Given Data:
d m  2.8 mm
d f  2.45 mm

(a)

The diameter of the wire before the cold-drawn is calculated as:

d i2  d m2
0.2 
di2
0.2d i2  di2    2.8 mm 
2

0.8di2  7.84 mm 2
di  3.13 mm

The total percent cold work that the wire undergoes is calculated as:
 di2  d 2f 
%cold work =  100%
 d 2 
 i 
  3.13 mm  2   2.45 mm  2 
   100%
  3.13 mm 
2

 
39%

(b)

Thus, the corresponding tensile strength, yield strength and the elongation for
the total cold work percent of 39% are:
 t  517 MPa
 y  427.5 MPa
Elongation = 5%

Solution:

Given Data:
m  15 kg
w  0.4 m
h  0.2 m
a  4 m/s 2

The net force acting on the plate is:

Fnet  ma
 15 kg  4 m/s 2
 60 N  
Th
us, the moment at A is:

M A    Fnet  cos 26.57 0.224 m 


   60 N  cos 26.57 0.224 m 
 12 N  m  Clockwise 

If the material is loaded with a force of (560 X 158) N:


P   560 158  N = 88480 N

The load on the material is way more than the Maximum load (27000 N).
Thus, the material will fracture.

If the material is loaded with a force of (280 X 158) N:


P   280 158  N = 44240 N

The load on the material is way more than the Maximum load (27000 N).
Thus, the material will fracture.

If the material is loaded with a force of (120 X 158) N:


P   120  158  N = 18960 N

This load is under the elastic limit of the material.


The elongation in the material will be:
0.15 mm
l   18960 N
20000 N
= 0.1422 mm

Solution:

Given Data:
d i  50 mm
hi  2.794 MJ/kg
vi  0.0394 m3 /kg
d f  25 mm
h f  2.786 MJ/kg
v f  0.1043 m3 /kg

Apply the steady flow energy equation:

Vi 2 V f2
hi   hf 
2 2
V f  Vi
2 2

  2.794  2.786  106 J/kg


2
V f  Vi 2  16000..................  1
2

The mass flow rate through the inlet and the exit will be the same:
AV AV
i i
 f f
vi vf
2
d i2Vi d f V f

vi vf

 0.05 m   Vi   0.025 m   V f
2 2

 0.0394  m3 /kg  0.1043 m3 /kg


V f  10.6Vi ..........................  2 

(b)

Substitute equation (2) in equation (1) and solve for both the velocities:

 10.6Vi 
2
 Vi 2  16000
Vi  11.98 m/s

V f   10.6 11.98  m/s


= 126.988 m/s

(a)

The mass flow rate of the steam is:


AV
m  i i
vi

 d i2  Vi
 4
vi

  0.05 m    11.98 m/s 
2

 4
 0.0394  m3 /kg
 2.39 kg/s

From the psychrometric chart:


@ RH  17% and P  770 mm Hg

Enthalpy  h   99.3 kJ/kg


Specific volume  v   0.93 m3 /kg
Absolute Humidity  W   0
The centroid of the triangle is at:
b
x
3
h
y  m
3

The actual size of the specimen is:

 7  0  2  1 25.4 mm 
Sa   22.24 mm     in 
 3  1000 1 in 
 22.282 mm

Solution:

Given Data:
msphere  3.6 kg
mu  1.9 kg
ml  1.1 kg
mH  0.4 kg
x  6 mm

The free body diagram of the hand is shown below:


Take the moment of all the forces about point O:
MO  0
 FD  sin 21 0.125 m    mu  g  0.13 m    ml  g  0.412 m  
 0

   mH  g  0.641 m   3.6 N  9.81 m/s  0.641 m
2
 

  
 FD  sin 21 0.125 m   1.9 kg  9.81 m/s 2  0.13 m  1.1 kg  9.81 m/s 2  0.412 m 

 0
  
  0.4 kg  9.81 m/s 2  0.641 m  3.6 N  9.81 m/s 2  0.641 m
  

FD  714.84 N

The equilibrium equation in the horizontal direction is:

 Fx  0
Ox   FD  cos 21   0
Ox  667.36 N

The equilibrium equation in the vertical direction is:


 Fy  0

 
Oy   FD  sin 21    mu g    ml g    mH g   3.6 kg  9.81 m/s 2  0

  
 1.9 kg  9.81 m/s 2  1.1 kg  9.81 m/s 2   
Oy   FD  sin 21    0
  
 0.4 kg  9.81 m/s 2  3.6 kg  9.81 m/s 2
  
Oy  187.1 N   

The average pressure exerted on the gate by the water is calculated as::

P
Pavg 
2


  water  g  h 
2


 1000 kg/m3  9.81 m/s 2  6 m 
2
 29430 N/m 2

The resulting force of the water on the gate is calculated as::

Fwater  Pavg   6 m  4 m 
 29430 N/m 2  24 m 2
 706320 N

The force required to hold the gate in place is calculated by taking the moment
of all the forces about hinged point:

 Fwater  4 m    P  3 m   0
706320 N  4 m
P
3m
 941760 N

x  0
P Mz y
y   
A I

 sigma(y) = -P/A + MzY/I


Solution:

Given Data:
L  350 mm
dbrass  25 mm
d al ,o  40 mm
d al ,i  25 mm
Ebrass  100 GPa
Eal  72 GPa
0.1L
L   0.35 mm
100

(a)

The magnitude of the load is calculated as:


PL
L 
 Abrass  Aal    Ebrass  Eal 
 
 4
2 
 
2 
0.35 mm      25 mm       40 mm    25 mm     72000  100000  MPa
 4
2


P
350 mm
 216142 N  Compressive 
(b)

The maximum allowable load for each rod is calculated as:


Pmo
 brass 
Abrass

  25 mm   120 MPa
2
Pmo 
4
= 58905 N

Pmo
 al 
Aal

Pmo 

4
 2 2

  40 mm    25 mm   80 MPa

= 61261 N

Thus, the maximum allowable load will be the load for brass as if the load for
aluminium is applied, the brass rod will crush or fail:
Pmo = 58905 N

Solution:

Given Data:
d  1 mm
VF  100 cm 3
y  20 mm

(a)

The volume of the capillary can be calculated as:



  1 mm   y
2
Vc 
4

   1 mm   20 mm
2

4
= 15.71 mm3

Thus, the pressure indicated by the McLeod gauge is calculated as:


Vc  y
P
VF  Vc
15.71 mm 3  20 mm

 3 1000 mm 
3

 100 cm  3   15.71 mm 
3

 1 cm  
 3.142 103 mm Hg

(b)

If the volume of the capillary is dropped in comparison with the volume of the
bulb, the indicated pressure will slightly decrease. This is because the gas
volume in the capillary will decrease.

Thus, free body diagram of the system is shown below:


The horizontal component of the resultant force is:

  Rx   4.92 kN  cos 30    6.28 kN  sin 22 


 6.613 kN   

The vertical component of the resultant force is:

  Ry   4.92 kN  sin 30    6.28 kN  cos 22 


 8.283 kN   

(a)

Thus, the force acting on the rope can be calculated as:

 Rx    Ry 
2 2
R

 6.613 kN    8.283 kN 
2 2

 10.6 kN

(b)

The angle which this rope makes with the vertical is:

  R 
     tan 1  y  
  Rx  
  8.283  
    tan 1  
  6.613  
 38.6

Solution:
Given Data:
d  20 cm
   kg/m 3
c  477 J/kg  K
Tr  600C
Ta  200C
h  45 W/m 2  K

(a)

The time taken by the rod to reach the temperature of 360oC is calculated by
equating the convection heat transfer with the heat stored inside the rod:

  d 2  L  c   Tr  360   ht   dL    360  Ta 
4

  0.2 m   477 J/kg  K   600  360   45 W/m 2  K  t     0.2 m    360  200 
2
7900 kg/m3 
4
t  6280.5 s
(b)

The maximum temperature at that time is:



  d 2  L  c   Tr  Tmax   ht   dL    Tmax  Ta 
4

  0.2 m   477 J/kg  K   600  Tmax   45 W/m 2  K  6280.5 s     0.2 m    Tmax  200 
2
7900 kg/m 3 
4
37683   600  Tmax   56524.5   Tmax  200 
 37683  56524.5  Tmax   12058560  22609800 
Tmax  1800C

Solution:

Given Data:
m  200 kg
Note: Dear Student! As per our guidelines, we are only allowed to answer three
sub-parts of a question. Kindly repost the other parts again.

(a)

The free body diagram of point A is:

(b)

The free body diagram of point C is:

(c)

The free body diagram of point D is:


Solution:

(a)

When    , the AD rope will take the full weight of the crate and the tensions
in the rope AB and AC will be zero.
TAC  TAB  0
TAD  200 kg  9.81m/s 2  1962 N

(b)

When   90 , the tension in the AD rope will be equal to the tension in the rope
AC and tension in rope AB will be zero.

TAC  TAD  200 kg  9.81m/s 2  1962 N


TAB  0

The linear density for [101] is calculated as:


1 1

LD  2 2
a 2
1 1

 2 2
4 2R
3
3

0.124 nm  4 2
 2.47 nm 1

Solution:

(a)

The transfer function is calculated as:


Y  s 1

F  s keq
1

1 1

k1 k2
k1k2

k1  k2

(b)

The transfer function is calculated as:

X  s 1

F  s keq
1

k1  k2
Solution:

Given Data:

PA  190 kPa
d  100 mm
L  40 m
hloss  1.5 m  4 = 6 m
zB  0.5 m
VA  VB

The pressure of the water as it arrives at B is calculated by applying the


Bernoulli’s equation between A and B:

PA VA2 PB V2
  zA   B  zB  hloss
 water  g 2g  water  g 2 g
190000 Pa PB
  0.5 m + 6 m
1000 kg/m  9.81 m/s
3 2
1000 kg/m 3  9.81 m/s 2
1 kPa
PB  126235 Pa 
1000 Pa
 126.235 kPa

(a)

The magnitude of the resultant force by parallelogram law is calculated as:

 10 kN    6 kN    2  10 kN  6 kN  cos 75 
2 2
R
 12.93 kN

(b)

Direction of the resultant force with the horizontal by parallelogram law is


calculated as:
  6  sin 45    10  sin 60  
  tan 1  
  10  cos 60    6  cos 45  
 66.16

The free body diagram is shown below:

The moment about O is:

M O   T  sin 16.103 30 m 
72 kN  m
T
 sin 16.103   30 m
 8.653 kN

The pressure at 2 m of water is calculated as:


P@ 2 m   water  g  h
 1000 kg/m3  9.81 m/s 2  2 m
= 19620 Pa

Solution:

Given Data:
ms  235 g
mal  105 g
mglass  17 g
mwater  195 g
The specific heat of the substance is calculated by equating the heat lost by the
substance with the sum of the heat gained by the aluminium, glass and water:

 ms cs Ts   mal  cal  Tal    mglass  cglass  Tglass    mwater  cwater  Twater 
 0.105 kg  900 J/kg C    0.017 kg  840 J/kg C  
    35  12.5  C
   0.195 kg  4186 J/kg C  
cs  
 0.235 kg    35  320  C
 310.77 J/kg C

Here, (-ve) sign indicates that heat is being lost by the substance.

Solution:

Given Data:
V1  V2  1 m/s
P1  101300 Pa
P2  202600 Pa
eth  789 kg/m3
g  9.8 m/s 2

The drop in height in order to achieve the required pressure is calculated by


applying the Bernoulli’s equation between the points 1 and 2:
P1 V12 P2 V22
  z1    z2
eth  g 2  g eth  g 2  g
P1 P2
  z2
eth  g eth  g

z2 
 101300  202600  Pa
789 kg/m3  9.8 m/s 2
 13.1 m

Here, (-ve) sign indicates the location of the lower level is below the upper level
of the pipe.

 R  sin   will be negative for this case:

Solution:

Given Data:
ms  200 t/h
T1  450C
P1  P3  40 bar
T2  50C
T3  400C

Note:

From the steam table:


h1  3331.2 kJ/kg
h2  209.34 kJ/kg
h3  3214.5 kJ/kg

The amount of water that must be sprayed per second is calculated by applying
the energy balance:
 2   m s  m   h3
m s h1  mh
m s   h1  h3 
m 
 h3  h2 

 200 t/h    3331.2  3214.5  kJ/kg
 3214.5  209.34  kJ/kg
1 kg/s
 7.767 t/h 
3.6 t/h
 2.1575 kg/s

Solution:

Given Data:

k  350 N/m
L3m
  

The stretched length of each spring is calculated as:


L
Ln 
cos 30
 3.464 m

Restoring force in each of the spring will be:


F  k   Ln  L 
 350 N/m   3.464  3 m
= 162.4 N

Thus, the mass of the lamp required for equilibrium is calculated as:

mg   2  F  sin 30 
2  162.4 N  sin 30
m
9.81 m/s 2
 16.55 kg
Solution:

Given Data:

d1  550 mm
d 2  300 mm
P1  14 N/cm 2
V1  2 m/s

(a)

The rate of flow of water through the horizontal pipe is calculated as:

Q    d1   V1
2

4

   0.55 m   2 m/s
2

4
= 0.475 m3 /s

(b)

The loss of head due to sudden con is calculated as:

V22
hc 
2g
2
 Q 
 
A
 2
2g
45.156 m 2 /s 2

2  9.81 m/s 2
 2.3 m
(c)

The pressure intensity in the smaller pipe is calculated as:

P1 V12 P2 V22
   h
 g 2g  g 2g c
 2 10000 N/m 
2

 14 N/cm  
 6.72 m/s 
2
 1 N/cm 2  4 m 2 /s 2 P2
    2.3 m
1000 kg/m3  9.81 m/s 2 2  9.81 m/s 2 1000 kg/m 3  9.81 m/s 2 2  9.81 m/s 2
1 N/cm 2
P2  96857.8 N/m 2 
10000 N/m 2
 9.685 N/cm 2

Solution:

Given Data:
F  22 N
d  0.9 m

(a)

The air exit velocity is calculated as:



F   air   d 2  Vexit
2

4
4  22 N
Vexit 
1.25 kg/m3     0.9 m 
2

 5.26 m/s

(b)

The volume flow rate needed is calculated as:



Q   d 2  Vexit
4

   0.9 m   5.26 m/s
2

4
= 3.346 m3 /s

(c)

The minimum power that must be supplied to the air stream is calculated as:
P  F  Vexit
 22 N  5.26 m/s
 115.72 W

Solution:

Given Data:
V1  17.3 m/s
V2  5.3 m/s

The loss of head due to sudden enlargement is calculated as:

 V V 
2

hL  1 2
2g
 17.3 m/s  5.3 m/s 
2


2  9.81 m/s 2
 7.34 m

Thus, option (a) is correct.

Solution:
Given Data:

r  0.27 m
M  15 kN  m
  

Note: Dear Student! As per our guidelines, we are only allowed to answer a
single question. Kindly repost the other parts again.

The bending stress at B is calculated as:


M B

d 4
r  sin 
64
64  15 kN  m  0.27 m  sin 28.6
B 
   0.54 m 
4

 464.48 kPa

Thus, option (c) is correct.

Solution:

Note: Dear Student! As per our guidelines, we are only allowed to answer a
single question. Kindly repost the other parts again.
The Number of links in the kinematic chain are:

n7

The Number of higher pairs in the kinematic chain are:

j6

The Number of lower pairs in the kinematic chain are:

h2

The degree of freedom of the kinematic chain is calculated as:


DOF  3  n  1  2 j  h
 3   7  1    2  6   2
4

Solution:

Given Data:
  
WA  350 lb

The free body diagram of the block A is shown below:

The tension in the rope is calculated as:


T  FA   350 lb  sin 60   0
T    N   303.11 lb
T  303.11 lb   0.35  350 lb 
 180.61 lb

The free body diagram of the block B is shown below:


The weight of the block B is calculated as:
T  FB
  R   180.61 lb
180.61 lb
R  WB 
0.35
 516.03 lb

Solution:
Given Data:
di  20 mm
Li  75 mm
P  5 kN

Note: The Poisson’s ratio and modulus of elasticity of 6061 T6 Aluminium is:

  
E  68.9 GPa

(a)

The decrease in the length of the block is:


PLi
L 
Ai E
5000 N  75 mm


  20 mm    68.9 103 MPa 
2

4
 0.0173 mm  Compression 

(b)

The new diameter of the block is:


d f  di
di

L
Li
 0.0173 mm 
d f  20 mm +  0.33   20 mm 
 75 mm 
 20.00152 mm

Solution:
Given Data:
Pb  930 mbar
Pe  780 mbar
 air  1.2 kg/m 3

Apply the Bernoulli’s equation between the beginning and the end point to
determine the vertical distance climbed by the hiker:

Pb Pe
 zb   ze
 air  g  air  g
Pb Pe
  ze
 air  g  air  g

ze 
 Pb  Pe 
 air  g
100 Pa
 930 mbar  780 mbar  
1 mbar

1.2 kg/m  9.81 m/s 2
3

 1274.21 m

Solution:

Given Data:
d b  20 mm
 d s  o  35 mm
 d s  i  22 mm
Li  600 mm
 b  0.1 mm/mm
 s  0.3 mm/mm
Eb  80 GPa
Es  200 GPa

(a)

The load P can be calculated by considering the maximum allowable change in


length of the composite bar as the maximum allowable change in length of the
brass because it has the least strain in it:
L   b  Li
 PLi   PLi 
     b  Li
A E A E
 b b  s s
  
 1  
   
   20 mm  2  80  103 MPa  
 4  
P   0.1
  
1 
  
    2  
     35 mm    22 mm     200 10 MPa  
2 3

   4   
   
P  3.978 108  8.59 10 9   0.1
P  2067397.15 N

(b)

The stress in the brass is:


P
b 
Ab
2067397.15 N


  20 mm 
2

4
 6580.73 MPa

(c)

The stress in the steel is:


P
s 
As
2067397.15 N

  2 
   35 mm    22 mm   
2

4 
 3552.35 MPa
The free body diagram of the cantilever beam is shown below:
(a)

The Shear force diagram is shown below:

(b)

The Bending moment diagram is shown below:


Solution:

The free body diagram of the beam is shown below:

Take the moment due to all the forces and couple moments at A to determine
the vertical reaction force at B:
MA  0
40 N  m   By  4 m   0
By  10 N  Upward 

Thus, option (a) is correct.


Solution:

The free body diagram of the beam is shown below:

Take the moment due to all the forces at A:


MA  0
 2 
 T  5 ft    T  10 ft    80 lb 13 ft   0
 5 
T  74.6 lb

The equilibrium equation in the horizontal direction is:


 Fx  0
 1 
Ax   T  0
 5
Ax  33.36 lb

The equilibrium equation in the vertical direction is:

 Fy  0
 2 
Ay  T   T    80 lb  0
 5
Ay  61.32 lb   

Solution:

Given Data:
vi  0
v f  25 m/s
h  3.6 m
g  9.81 m/s 2

The vertical distance travelled by the car from its rest position till it hits the
ground is calculated as:

v 2f
S
2g
 25 m/s 
2


2  9.81m/s 2
 31.86 m
Thus, the approximate number of floor of the building from which the car has
been dropped is calculated as:

h   h  3.6   (2h  3.6)   3h  3.6   32.4 m

Thus, the car has been dropped from 4th floor.

Solution:

Given Data:

k  1.35
P  101.325 kPa
V  0.05 m3
T  32C
C  0.08
Qin  15 kJ

Note: Dear Student! As per our guidelines, we are only allowed to answer three
sub-parts of a question. Kindly repost the other part again.

The compression ratio of the Otto cycle is calculated as:


1
r  1
C
1
r  1
0.08
 13.5

(c)

The thermal efficiency of the Otto cycle is calculated as:


 1 
  1  k 1  100%
 r 
 1 
 1   100%
  13.5  1.351

 
 59.79%

(b)

The work output is calculated as:


W    Qin
 0.5979  15 kJ
= 8.9685 kJ

(a)

The heat rejected by the Otto cycle is calculated as:


Qr  Qin  W
 15 kJ  8.9685 kJ
= 6.0315 kJ
Given Data:

t  8 mm
  
P  600 kPa
d  1.6 m

Note: Dear Student! As per our guidelines, we are only allowed to answer a
single question. Kindly repost the other question again.

The hoop stress induced in the cylinder is:


Pd
h 
2t
0.6 MPa 1600 mm

2  8 mm
 60 MPa

The longitudinal stress induced in the cylinder is:


Pd
l 
4t
0.6 MPa 1600 mm

4  8 mm
 30 MPa
(a)

The normal stress perpendicular to the weld in the cylinder is calculated


analytically as:

  l    l   h  
n   h    2   cos 2 
 2    
 60  30   30  60  
      cos  2  20  
 2   2  
 33.51 MPa

(b)

The Shear stress parallel to the weld in the cylinder is calculated analytically as:

  l 
n   h   sin 2 
 2 
 60  30  
    sin  2  20  
 2  
 9.64 MPa

From the Steam table:

@ T  90C, P  2 MPa

Specific Enthalpy  h   378.53 kJ/kg


Specific Internal energy  u  = 376.46 kJ/kg
Specific volume  v   0.00103501m 3 /kg

Solution:
Given Data:

m  0.1 kg
f  3.185 Hz
KE  0.7 J
PE  0.3 J

Note: Dear Student! As per our guidelines, we are only allowed to answer a
single question. Kindly repost the other questions again.

The amplitude of the oscillation can be calculated as:

1
 m   2 f   A2  KE  PE
2

2
1 2   0.7  0.3 J
A 
2  3.185 Hz 0.1 kg
 0.22 m

Thus, option (b) is correct.

The number of convolutions to get a deflection of 360o is calculated as:


PR 2
  nAe 
Et 3
Et 3
n
2 Ae  PR 2
3  2 rad 
2 Pa   2 m    360 
 360 

 
2     2 m    50 Pa    0.6 m 
2 2

 0.22

Solution:

The first force vector in Cartesian form is:


F1     450 N  cos 45 sin 30  i +  450 N  cos 45 cos 30  j +  450 N  sin 45  k 
  159.1 i +  275.57  j +  318.2  k  N

The second force vector in Cartesian form is:


F2   600 N  cos 45  i +  600 N  cos 60  j   600 N  cos 120  k 
  424.26  i +  300  j   300  k  N

(a)

Thus, the magnitude of the resultant force is:



 265.16  +  575.57  +  18.2 
2 2 2
R
= 634 N

(b)

The direction cosines of the resultant force are:

 265.16 
  cos 1    65.28
 634 
 575.57 
  cos 1    24.8
 634 
 18.2 
  cos 1    88.36
 634 

Solution:

The first force vector in Cartesian form is:

  16  i +  18  j   24  k 
F1  600 N  
 16    18    24 
2 2 2

  282.353 i   317.647  j   423.53  k  N

The second force vector in Cartesian form is:

  20  i +  15  j   24  k 
F2  400 N  
 20    15   24 
2 2 2

  230.847  i   173.135  j   277.016  k  N

The third force vector in Cartesian form is:

  6  i +  4  j   24  k 
F3  800 N  
 6    4    24 
2 2 2

  191.54  i   127.694  j   766.161 k  N


(a)

The resultant force vector is:

  282.353  230.847  191.54  i +  317.647  173.135  127.694  j 


R 
 +  423.53  277.016  766.161 k 
  321.66  i   16.818  j   1466.707  k  N

Thus, the magnitude of the resultant force is:


 321.66  +  16.818  +  1466.707 
2 2 2
R
= 1501.658 N

(b)

The direction cosines of the resultant force are:

 321.66 
  cos 1    77.63
 1501.658 
 16.818 
  cos 1    90.64
 1501.658 
 1466.707 
  cos 1    167.61
 1501.658 
Solution:

Given Data:

F1  800 N
F2  350 N
d BC  20 mm
d A  10 mm
 y  250 MPa

The free body diagram of the boom is shown below:


Take the moment of all the forces about pin A to determine the tension in the
cable BC:
MA  0
 3 
 T   cos 30 2.5 m    F2  2.5 m  cos 30    F1  1.5 m  cos 30   0
 5 
 3 
 T  5  2.5 m    350 N  2.5 m    800 N 1.5 m   0
 
T  1383.33 N

(a)

Thus, the average normal stress in the cable BC is:


T
 BC 

  d BC 
2

4
4 1383.33 N

   20 mm 
2

 4.403 MPa

(b)
The equilibrium equation in the horizontal direction is:
 Fx  0
 4
Ax   T    0
 5
Ax  1106.66 N

The equilibrium equation in the vertical direction is:

 Fy  0
 3
Ay  F1  F2   T    0
 5
Ay  320 N

Thus, the resultant force at pin A is:

 Ax    Ay 
2 2
RA 

 1106.66 N    320 N 
2 2

 1152 N

The average shear stress in the pin A is:


RA
A 

  dA 
2

4
4 1152 N

   10 mm 
2

 14.67 MPa

(c)

The appropriate diameter for cable BC considering the yield stress is:

T
y 

  d BC  n
2

4
4 1383.33 N
 d BC  n 
  250 MPa
 2.654 mm

Solution:
Note: Dear Student! As per our guidelines, we are only allowed to answer a
single question. Kindly repost the other question again.

(a)

The pressure at the bottom hole if it is closed is:

 Mg 
Ph       water  g  H 
 A 

(b)

The volume of water per second will decrease in the container equal to the
volume of water exit the hole per second. The continuity equation is:
AV  Ah  v
Here, V is the velocity of drop of the water depth in the container and v is the velocity of flow
of water through the hole.

The Bernoulli’s equation between the top of the water surface in the container
and the hole is:

  Mg     Mg  
 A  V2  A    g  H    v 2  h
  H    water
 M  g  2 g  M  g  water  g  2 g
   

(c)

The speed of the water as it leaves the hole is:


  Mg     Mg  
 A  V2  A     v2
    water  g  H 
  H    h
 M  g  2g  M  g  water  g  2 g
   
v2 V 2
 h
2g 2g
v  V 2  2 gh

The Mohr Circle for the given state of stress is shown below:
Here,
OA  16 MPa
OB  48 MPa
AD  BE  60 MPa
CF  Maximum In-plane Shear stress.
OH  Maximum Principal stress.
OG  Minimum Principal stress.

(a)

The orientation of the planes of maximum in-plane shear stress from the vertical
plane is:
28.07
 
in  plane1 max 
2
 14.035

 in  plane2  max
 90  14.035  104.035

(b)

The maximum in-plane shear stress is calculated as:

 
in  plane max  CF  CD   60 
2
  32 
2

 68 MPa

(c)

The corresponding normal stress is calculated as:

  OC  CA  OA
 32 MPa  16 MPa
=16 MPa  Compressive 
Solution:

Given Data:

N  10 rev/s
   rad/s 2
t1  8 s
t2  10 s
t3  20 s

(a)

The maximum angular velocity will be achieved after the end of the 8th second:

 2 rad 
max  10 rev/s      t1 
 1 rev/s 
 2 rad 
 10 rev/s     0.3 rad/s  8 s 
2

 1 rev/s 
 65.23 rad/s

(b)

The total angular displacement of the wheel is:

 2 rad 
total  10 rev/s  8 s     max 10 s    max  20 s 
 1 rev 
 2459.55 rad
Solution:

Given Data:

W  2000 lb
 all  6 ksi

The maximum stress induced in the AB rod is:


PAB
 all 

  0.5 in 
2

4
6000 psi     0.5 in 
2

PAB 
4
 1178.1 lb

The maximum stress induced in the CD rod is:


PCD
 all  2
 5 
  in 
4 8 
2
5 
6000 psi     in 
PCD  8 
4
 1840.77 lb

Thus, the location of the stops from the B point is calculated as:
MB  0
 W  x    PCD  60 in   0
 2000 lb  x    1840.77 lb  60 in   0
x  55.22 in

The free body diagram of the bracket is shown below:


The equilibrium equation in the horizontal direction is:
 Fx  0
Ox   100 N  sin 30   0
Ox  50 N

The equilibrium equation in the vertical direction is:

 Fy  0
Oy  400 N +  100 N  cos 30   50 N  0
Oy  436.6 N   

Take the moment of all the forces about point O:


M O   400 N  0.5 m    100 N  cos 30 1 m    100 N  sin 30 0.5 m    50 N  2 m 
 211.603 N  m  Counter-clockwise 

The viscosity of the fluid from the 1st data is:


V1
 1  1 
0.3 m
0.3 N/m 2  0.3 m
1 
0.095 m/s
 0.947 Pa  s
The viscosity of the fluid from the 2nd data is:
V2
 2  2 
0.3 m
0.6 N/m 2  0.3 m
2 
0.191 m/s
 0.942 Pa  s

The viscosity of the fluid from the 3rd data is:


V3
 3  3 
0.3 m
0.9 N/m 2  0.3 m
3 
0.282 m/s
 0.957 Pa  s

(a)

Thus, the viscosity of the fluid is:


1   2  3
 fluid 
3


 0.947  0.942  0.957  Pa  s
3
 0.948 Pa  s

(b)

If the temperature is increased from 20oC to 30oC, the viscosity of the


Newtonian fluid will decrease.

Thus, the velocity of the upper plate will be higher as velocity is inversely
proportional to the viscosity.

Solution:
(a)

The continuity equation for two-dimensional flow is:

u v
 0
x y
11  0
Flow does not satisfy continuity equation.

(b)

The continuity equation for two-dimensional flow is:

u v
 0
x y
1 1
 0
y x
Flow does not satisfy continuity equation.

(c)

The continuity equation for two-dimensional flow is:

u v
 0
x y
22  0
Flow satisfies continuity equation.

Solution:

Given Data:

u  x2  2 y
1
v y
x
1
w  3y
2z
The velocity potential for the given flow is:

   ux


  x 2  2 y x
x3
  2 yx
3

   vy
1 
    y  y
x 
2
y y
 
x 2

   wz
 1 
    3 y  z
 2z 
ln  z 
  3 yz
2

x3 y y 2 ln  z 
  2 yx     3 yz
3 x 2 2

Solution:

Given Data:

m  100 kg
k  40 kN/m
c  400 N  m  s/rad

(a)

The natural frequency of the system is:


k
n 
m
40000 N/m

100 kg
 20 rad/s

(b)

The damping ratio of the system is:

c

2 km
400 N  m  s/rad

2 40000 N/m 100 kg
 0.1

The free body diagram of the beam is shown below:

The equilibrium equation in the horizontal direction is:


 Fx  0
 Ax   4 kN  cos 30   0
Ax  3.464 kN

The equilibrium equation in the vertical direction is:

 Fy  0
Ay  6 kN   4 kN  sin 30   0
Ay  8 kN

Take the moment of all the forces about point A:


M A   6 kN 1.5 m    4 kN  cos 301.5 m  sin 30   4 kN  sin 30 3 m +  1.5 m  cos 30   
 20.196 kN  m  Counter-clockwise 

Solution:

Given Data:

a p  b  cs p
b  6 m/s 2
c  0.02 s 2
s pl  100 m
vp  0

The time needed for the rocket to reach an altitude spl:

1 
s pl  v p t    a p  t 2 
2 
1 
 
100 m = 0 +   6 m/s 2  2 m/s 2  t 2 
2 
t  25
5s
The Mohr circle for the given state of stress is shown below:

Here,

OA  OB  OC  250 psi
(a)

The In-plane shear stress parallel to the grain is calculated as:

 in  plane   OC  sin 30 


  250 psi  0.5 
 125 psi

(b)

The normal stress perpendicular to the grain is calculated as:


   OC  cos 30 
  250 psi  0.866 
 216.5 psi

Solution:

Given Data:

N B  450 rpm
N A  140 rpm
rA  3 in
rB  5 in

The angular velocity of disk A at initial position and at final position is:
2
  A  i  450 rpm   47.124 rad/s
60
2
 A  f  140 rpm   14.661 rad/s
60

Thus the final linear speed at the point of contact between the disks is calculated
as:
vC  rA    A  f
 3 in  14.661rad/s
= 43.983 in/s

Solution:

Given Data:

A  0.04 m 2
t pete  0.003 m
k pete  0.2 W/m  K
tair  0.01 m
k air  0.026 W/m  K
T  40 K

(a)

The Resistance value for each of the two PETE layers is calculated as:
t pete
R1  R2 
k pete
0.003 m

0.2 W/m  K
 0.015 m 2  K/W

(b)

The Resistance value for the dead air is calculated as:

tair
R3 
k air
0.01 m

0.026 W/m  K
 0.385 m 2  K/W

(c)

Since, the layer of dead air has more resistance as compared to the PETE layers.
Thus, the best insulator is the layer of dead air.

(d)

The heat loss through the surface is calculated as:


A  T
Q
R1  R2  R3
0.04 m 2  40 K

 0.003 m   0.01 m 
 2  
 0.2 W/m  K   0.026 W/m  K 
 3.859 W

Solution:

Given Data:

Q  12.5 ltr/min
P  225 bar
 = 67%
(a)

The hydraulic power is calculated as:


P
W   water  g  Q 
 water  g
 1 m3 /s 
 12.5 ltr/min     225  10 Pa 
5

 60000 ltr/min 
1 kW
 4687.5 W 
1000 W
 4.688 kW

(b)

The input electric power is calculated as:

W
 
Winput
4687.5 W
W input 
0.67
 6996.3 W

The torque exerted at the pivot is calculated as:

T   F  sin   0.7 m
=  882 N  sin 30 0.7 m
=  308.7 N  m  Clockwise 
The mass weighed by the forklift’s cylinder is calculated as:
mg
P
A
669 N/mm 2  403 mm 2
m
9.81 m/s 2
1 tonnes
 27483 kg 
1000 kg
 27.483 tonnes

(a)

The moment about C is calculated as:

M C   F1  cos 1  AD    F1  sin 1  AB    F4  sin  4  DC    F2  cos  2  BC  


 65 N  cos 25 90 m    65 N  sin 25 90 m  
 
   80 N  sin 30 90 m    70 N  cos 50 90 m  
 2380.02 N  m  Counter-clockwise 
(b)

The moment about D is calculated as:

M D   F1  cos 1  AD    F2  cos  2  BC    F2  sin  2  AB    F3  sin 3  CD  


 65 N  cos 25 90 m    70 N  sin 50 90 m  
 
   70 N  sin 50 90 m    42 N  sin 25 90 m  
 3704.4 N  m  Counter-clockwise 

The free body diagram of the sphere is shown below:

Apply the sine law to determine the reactions at the contact surfaces:
R1 1750 N R2
 
sin 45 sin 270 sin 45

sin 45
R1  1750 N 
sin 270
 1237.44 N

sin 45
R2  1750 N 
sin 270
 1237.44 N

Solution:

Given Data:

Q  3907 L/min
Vmin  4.4 m/s
Vmax  6.92 m/s

Note: Dear Student! As per our guidelines, we are only allowed to answer three
sub-parts of a question. Kindly repost the other parts again.

(a)

The minimum diameter of the pipe can be calculated as:


  d min   Vmax
2
Q
4
3
1 m /s 
   d min   6.92 m/s
2
3907 L/min 
60000 L/min 4
d min  0.109 m
(b)

The maximum diameter of the pipe can be calculated as:


  d max   Vmin
2
Q
4
3
1 m /s 
   d max   4.4 m/s
2
3907 L/min 
60000 L/min 4
d max  0.137 m

(c)

The significance of using the maximum diameter pipelines in the hydraulic


system is that the pressure drop in the pipe will be less as compared to the
pressure drop in case of minimum diameter pipeline.

Solution:

Given Data:

d 1m
  

The tension in the mooring cable can be calculated as:


  L     
T    water  g   d 2    1 m       water  g   d 2  L 
 4 2    4 
   
 0.5 1000 kg/m  9.81 m/s  4   1 m   L  
3 2 2

  
T  
  1000 kg/m3  9.81m/s 2     1 m  2   L  1   
   
4  2   
 7704.76 N

Solution:

Given Data:

d  20 mm
L  60 mm
N  500 rpm
f  0.3 mm/rev
  

The machining time per hole can be calculated as:

L
T
fN
60 mm

0.3 mm/rev  500 rpm
 0.4 min

Divide the whole part into three segments as shown below:


x y
Part Area
A1   16  10  x1  8 y1  5
1
 160
A2     3  28.27
2
x2  4 y 2  5
2
1 4 5
3 A3   4  5 x3  16   17.33 y 3   1.67
2 3 3
 10

The location of the centroid of the shaded area can be calculated as:
A1 x1  A2 x2  A3 x3
x
A1  A2  A3


 160  8    28.27  4    10 17.33
160  28.27  10
 9.456

A1 y1  A2 y 2  A3 y 3
y
A1  A2  A3


 160  5    28.27  5    10 1.67 
160  28.27  10
 4.754

Solution:

Given Data:
Q  150 kJ
m  45 gm
Ti  32C
c  4.18 J/gm C

The final temperature of the water is calculated as:

Q  mc  T f  Ti 
Q
T f  Ti 
mc
150000 J
 32C +
45 gm  4.18 J/gm C
 829.45C

The mechanical advantage of the given pulley system is:


MA  4

Considering the pulley system as 100% efficient:


The velocity ratio of the given pulley system is:
VR  4

Thus, the effort FE is:


375 N
FE 
MA
375 N

4
 93.75 N

Thus, the reaction force at ceiling is:


FR  2 FE
 187.5 N

Solution:

Given Data:

Q  220 m3 /h
hL  5 m

The velocity at the nozzle can be calculated through the continuity equation:

  0.05 m   Vn
2
Q
4
3
1 m /s 
   0.05 m   Vn
2
220 m3 /h  3
3600 m /h 4
Vn  31.124 m/s

Apply the Bernoulli’s equation to determine the pump head available:


Pp V p2 Pn Vn2
  zp    zn  hL  hp
 water  g 2g  water  g 2g
 31.124 m/s 
2

000  0  2 m + 5 m  hp
2  9.81 m/s 2
hp  56.37 m

Thus, the power in kilowatts that the pump delivers to the water is calculated as:

W   water  g  Q  hp
 1 m3 /s 
 1000 kg/m  9.81 m/s   220 m /h 
3 3 2
  56.37 m
 3600 m 3 /h 
1 kW
= 33793.82 W 
1000 W
 33.8 kW

Solution:

Given Data:
L 8m
m  1150 kg

(a)

The free body diagram of the beam is shown below:


(b)

The tension in the cable can be calculated by taking the moment of all the forces
about point A:
MA  0
 W  cos 30 4 m    T  sin 40 6 m   0
1150 kg  9.81 m/s 2  cos 30 4 m
T
sin 40 6 m
 10133 N

(c)

The equilibrium equation in the horizontal direction is:


 Fx  0
Ax   T  cos 10   0
Ax  9979.1 N

The equilibrium equation in the vertical direction is:


 Fy  0
Ay  W   T  sin 10   0
Ay   1150 kg  9.81 m/s 2    10133 N  sin 10 
 9522 N

(a)

The ideal mechanical advantage of the pulley system is:


IMApulley  3

The ideal mechanical advantage of the inclined plane is:


L
IMAinclined 
h
7.2 m
 4
1.8 m

Thus, the ideal mechanical advantage of the system is:


IMAsystem  3

(b)

The effort force required to move the 600 N crate is:


600 N
IMApulley 
FE
FE  200 N

(c)

The efficiency of the system is calculated as:

 75 N 
    100%
 200 N 
 37.5%

Explanation:

The damping ratio is:


b

2 km

for, the system to be always overdamped,


 >1
That means, denominator must be less than the numerator.

As mass is fixed and cannot be decreased, the spring constant must be


decreased.

(a)

The actual mechanical advantage of the compound machine is calculated as:


1500 N
AMA 
50 N
 30

(b)

The total ideal mechanical advantage of the wheel barrow is calculated as:
 25 cm   200 cm 
TIMA    
 7.5 cm   55 cm 
 12.12

(c)

The actual mechanical advantage of the wheel barrow is calculated as:


AMAwheelbarrow  0.65  12.12
 7.878

(b)

The outer thermal conduction resistance is calculated as:


r 
ln  2 
r
 Ro  c   1
2 k
 14 
ln  
  12 
2 14.4 W/m  K
 0.0017 m  K/W

(a)

The gauge pressure in Pascals is:


9.81 Pa
P  160 mm H 2O 
1 mm H 2O
 1569.6 Pa

(b)

The gauge pressure in atm is:


1 atm
P  160 mm H 2O 
10332.27 mm H 2O
 0.0155 atm

(c)

The gauge pressure in mm Hg is:


1 mm Hg
P  160 mm H 2O 
13.6 mm H 2 O
 11.765 mm Hg

Solution:

Given Data:
 rod  0.9167 N/mm 2
P  18 N

The diameter of the rod is calculated as:


P
 rod 

d2
4
4  18 N
d
  0.9167 N/mm 2
 5 mm

The minimum length of the column is calculated as:



2 E
d4
 64
c   d 
2
2
4 L
 
2
  Ed2
2
c 
4 L2
 2  200  103 MPa   30 mm 
2

L
4  300 MPa
1m
 1216.73 mm 
1000 mm
 1.216 m

The Mohr’s circle for the given state of strain is shown below:
(a)

The maximum Shear strain is calculated as:

 CB    BE 
2 2
CH  CE   max 

 CO  OB    BE 
2 2

 245     66 


2 2

 390.62

(b)

The Major Principal strain is calculated as:


OF   major  CH  CO
 390.62   
 635.62   Compressive 

(c)
The Minor Principal strain is calculated as:
OG   minor  CG  CO
 390.62  
 145.62  Tensile 

Solution:

Given Data:
d st  12 mm
d p  40 mm

Note: The maximum stress which the strut and post can take before the rupture
happens is:
 st  50 MPa  As the strut is in tension 
 p  95 MPa  As the post is in compression 

(a)

The force in the strut before rupture happens is:


Pst
 st 

  d st 
2

4
50 MPa     12 mm 
2

Pst 
4
 5654.87 N

(b)
The force in the post before rupture happens is:
Pp
p 

 dp 
2

4
95 MPa     40 mm 
2

Pp 
4
 119380.52 N

Thus, the maximum load P that can be applied to the beam is:
P  Pp  Pst
 5654.87 N + 119380.52 N
= 125035.4 N

(c)

The volume of saltwater is:


m
 sw 
Vsw
6772.152 kg
Vsw 
1028 kg/m3
 6.588 m3
Solution:

Given Data:
d  1 cm

Note: The ultimate tensile strength of structural steel is:


 uts  550 MPa

Thus, the maximum load that the steel wire carries before it breaks is:
Pmax
 uts 

d2
4
550 MPa     10 mm 
2

Pmax 
4
 43196.9 N
(a)

The Young’s modulus of alloy A can be obtained by calculating the slope of the
stress-strain curve for alloy A:
220 MPa  90 MPa
EA 
0.02 mm/mm  0.005 mm/mm
 8666.67 MPa

(b)

The change in the length of the wire is:


L

L
 304.8 mm 
L  0.0045 mm/mm  1.25 ft  
 1 ft 
 1.7145 mm

Thus, the force used to stretch the wire in Newtons is:


PL
L 
AE
1.7145 mm     1.5 mm   8666.67 N/mm 2
2

P
 304.8 mm 
1.25 ft  
 1 ft 
 275.675 N
Solution:

Given Data:
hoil  33 cm
oil  753 kg/m3
rl  27 cm
rr  38 cm

(a)

The mass on the left cylinder to balance the system is calculated as:

mg
  oil  g  0.33 m     water  g  0.33 m 
   rl 
2

m     0.27 m    1000 kg/m 3  0.33 m    753 kg/m 3  0.33 m  


2

 18.67 kg

(b)

The pressure at the bottom of the oil when the system is balanced is calculated
as:
mg
 Poil  bottom    oil  g  0.33 m 
   rl 
2

18.67 kg  9.81 m/s 2



   0.27 m 
2 
 753 kg/m3  9.81 m/s 2  0.33 mm 
 3237.4 Pa
(c)

The difference in the height between the oil and water when the mass on the left
is removed is:
mg
  oil  g  h 
   rl 
2

18.67 kg  9.81 m/s 2


h
   0.27 m   753 kg/m3  9.81 m/s 2
2

100 cm
 0.1083 m 
1m
 10.83 cm

 c d  t   d  t 
  t      c ..................  1
k
 1 dt  dt

 d  t  
  t   k 2  t    c   ..................  2 
 dt 

 c d  t    d   t    ck 2 d   t  
  t      c    k 2  t      
 k1 dt   dt   k1 dt 
Solution:

Given Data:

a  2 m/s 2
m  250 kg

(a)

To determine the horizontal component of the force P is determined by taking


the equilibrium equation in the horizontal direction is:
  Fx  ma
 250 kg  2 m/s 2
 500 N  

Take the moment of all the forces about point B to calculate the vertical
component of the force P:
MB  0
 Fx  0.6 m    Fy 1 m    mg  0.2 m   0
Fy   500 N  0.6 m    250 kg  9.81 m/s 2  0.2 m 
 790.5 N  
(b)

The equilibrium equation in the vertical direction is:


Fy  RB  mg  0

 
RB  250 kg  9.81 m/s 2  Fy
 2452.5 N  790.5 N
= 1662 N
Solution:

Given Data:
n6
Vtank  600 m3
Q  10 mgd

(a)

The retention time in each of the settling tank when the tanks are connected in
parallel is:
nVtank
t parallel 
Q
6  600 m 3

0.043813 m3 /s
10 mgd 
1 mgd
 8216.74 s

(b)

The retention time in each of the settling tank when the tanks are connected in
series is:
Vtank
t series 
Q
600 m3

0.043813 m 3 /s
10 mgd 
1 mgd
 1369.46 s
Solution:

Given Data:
 x  150 MPa
 y  100 MPa
 xy  75 MPa

Note: Sign convention:

Clockwise rotation is negative whereas anticlockwise rotation is positive.

(a)

The normal stress on a plane rotated 60o clockwise along the x-axis is:

 x  y   x  y 
 x'    cos 2     xy  sin 2 
2  2 
150  100  150  100 
   cos  2  60     75  sin  2  60  
2  2 
 47.55 MPa  Tensile 

(b)

The normal stress on a plane rotated 60o clockwise along the y-axis is:

 x  y   x  y 
 x'    cos 2     xy  sin 2 
2  2 
150  100  150  100 
   cos  2  60     75  sin  2  60  
2  2 
 202.45 MPa  Tensile 

(b)

The shear stress on a plane rotated 60o clockwise is:


   y 
 xy'    x  sin 2     xy  cos 2 
 2 
 150  100 
   sin  2  60     75  cos  2  60  
 2 
 15.85 MPa

Solution:

Given Data:
w  4 ft
L  4 ft
FB  9200 lbf

The hydrostatic force on the gate in terms of the position of the centre of gravity
is:
Fh   yCG  L  w
  62.4 lbf/ft 3   yCG 16 ft 2
 998.4 yCG

The location of the centre of pressure is:


I xx sin 
yCP  
yCG A
 4 ft   4 ft  3 
  sin 90
 12 
  
16 ft  yCG
2

1.33

yCG

The water depth h is calculated by calculating the moment about point A due to
all the forces:
M A  0
 F   2 ft + y     9200 lbf  4 ft   0
h CP

  1.33  
 998.4 yCG   2 ft      9200 lbf  4 ft   0
  yCG  

1996.8 yCG  1327.87 yCG  36800 yCG  0


2

yCG  19.094 ft
h  yCG  2 ft
= 21.094 ft

The area through which the heat loss from the square takes place is:

A   4   1.2 m  2t  1 m
 4.8  8t

The thickness of the insulator is calculated as:


dT
Q  kA
dx

700 W  0.035 W/m  K   4.8  8t  m 2 


 25   15 
t
4.8  8t
 500
t
4.8  508t
1000 mm
t  9.448 10 3 m 
1m
 9.448 mm

The final length of the spring AB after stretching is calculated as:

 b
L f  sin  tan 1   b
 a
4000 mm
Lf 
 4
sin  tan 1 
 5
 6403.124 mm
The change in the length of the spring AB is calculated as:
L  L f  Li
 6403.124 mm  4000 mm
= 2403.124 mm

Thus, the tension developed in the spring AB is calculated as:


TAB  k AB L
  1 m   1 kN
 500 N/m   2403.124 mm   
  1000 mm   1000 N
 1.2 kN

Solution:

Given Data:
d  2.5 m
zt  25 m
Pt  6.5 m of water
vt  vb  5 m/s
hL  1.3 m

The pressure at the lower end of the pipe can be calculated by applying the
Bernoulli’s equation between top and the bottom:
Pb vb2 Pt vt2
  zb    zt  hL
 water  g 2 g  water  g 2 g
Pb Pt
0   zt  hL
 water  g  water  g
 9806.38 Pa 
 6.5 m of water  
Pb  1 m of water 
  25 m  1.3 m
1000 kg/m 3  9.81 m/s 2 1000 kg/m 3  9.81 m/s 2
1 m of water
Pb  321744.47 Pa 
9806.38 Pa
 32.809 m of water

Solution:

Given Data:
m  1.5 Mg
  0.2
v  80 km/h

The free body diagram of the car is shown below:

(a) For only rear wheel drive, the friction force at the front wheels will be zero.

The equilibrium equation in the horizontal direction is:


0.2 By  1500 kg  a.............  1

The equilibrium equation in the vertical direction is:

Ay  By   1500 kg  9.81 m/s 2 


Ay  By  14715.............  2 

Take the moment of all the forces about centre of mass:


MG  0
 1.25 m  A    0.75 m  B    0.2 B    0.35 m = 0
y y y

1.25Ay  0.05By  0..................  3

Solve equation (1), equation (2) and equation (3):


Ay  566 N
By  14149 N
a  1.886 m/s 2

The shortest time the car takes to reach the given speed when only rear wheel
drive is:
v  at
 1 m/s 
 80 km/h    1.886 m/s  t
2

 3.6 km/h 
t  11.783 s

(b) For all wheel drive.

The equilibrium equation in the horizontal direction is:

0.2 Ay  0.2 By  1500 kg  a.............  4 

The equilibrium equation in the vertical direction is:



Ay  By  1500 kg  9.81 m/s 2 
Ay  B y  14715.............  5 

Take the moment of all the forces about centre of mass:


MG  0
 1.25 m  A    0.75 m  B    0.2 A
y y y  0.2 By    0.35 m = 0
1.32 Ay  0.05B y  0..................  6 

Solve equation (4), equation (5) and equation (6):


Ay  537 N
By  14178 N
a  1.962 m/s 2

The shortest time the car takes to reach the given speed when all wheel drive is:
v  at
 1 m/s 
 80 km/h    1.962 m/s  t
2

 3.6 km/h 
t  11.326 s
Solution:

Given Data:
n full  2
ngraduated  8
S yt  1500 N/mm 2
E  207000 N/mm 2
FOS  2
P  15000 N
L  0.5 m

The volume of the leaf of the spring is calculated as:


S yt
b 
FOS
6 PL S yt

n full  ngraduated  bt 2 FOS
6  15000  500 mm  2
bt 2 
10  1500N/mm 2
 6000 mm3

(a)

Assume the width of leave as 50 mm to calculate the thickness of leaf:


b  50 mm

50 mm  t 2  6000 mm3
t 11 mm
(b)

The deflection at the end of the spring is calculated as:

12 PL3

Ebt 3  3n free  2nground 

12 15000 N   500 mm 
3


207000 N/mm 3  50 mm   11 mm   6  16 
3

 74.24 mm

Solution:

Given Data:
W  100 N
E 8N
  60%
(a)

The velocity ratio of the machine is calculated as:

MA

VR
W
VR 
E 
100 N

8 N  0.6
 20.83

The ideal effort can be calculated as:


MA  VR
W
 20.83
Ei
Ei  4.8 N

Thus, the effort lost in friction is calculated as:

EF  E  Ei
 8 N  4.8 N
= 3.2 N

(b)

The ideal load can be calculated as:

Wi  E  VR
 8 N  20.83
=166.64 N

Thus, the load lost in friction is calculated as:

WF  Wi  W
 166.64 N  100 N
= 66.64 N
(a)

The x-component of the force F1 is calculated as:

 F1  x  200 N  sin 30 = 100 N   

The y-component of the force F1 is calculated as:

 F1  y  200 N  cos 30 = 173.21 N  

The x-component of the force F2 is calculated as:

12
 F2  x  200 N  = 184.62 N   
13

The y-component of the force F2 is calculated as:

5
 F2  y  200 N 
13
= 76.92 N   

(b)

The Cartesian vector form of force F1 is calculated as:



F1   100  i   173.21 j N

The Cartesian vector form of force F2 is calculated as:



F2   184.62  i   76.92  j N
Option (b) is correct.

The maximum vertical load the box can carry without collapsing is:

Wmax   132.9 N  sin 45    263.8 N  sin 53.1 


 304.93 N

Since, the actual load placed in the box (310 N) is more than the maximum load
the box can carry (304.93 N). The system will collapse.

Solution:

Given Data:
mt  1200 kg
mc  1400 kg
u  61.1 km/h
 FB  c  6111 N

The deceleration experienced by the car and the trailer is calculated as:

 FB  c  mc  a
6111 N
a
1400 kg
 4.365 m/s 2

(a)

The distance travelled by the car and the trailer before they stop is calculated as:

v 2  u 2  2aS
2
 1 m/s 
 61.1 km/h  
  2  4.365 m/s  S
3.6 km/h 
2


S  33 m

(b)

The braking force applied on the trailer is calculated as:

 FB  t  mt  a
 1200 kg  4.365 m/s 2
 Negative sign indicates the direction of force is opposite 
 5238 N  
 to the motion of the trailer. 

Solution:

Given Data:
 x  100 MPa
 y  60 MPa
 xy  45 MPa
  

The value of the normal stress on the new x-axis obtained by rotating the
stressed element by 53o is calculated as:

 x  y  x  y
x   cos 2   xy sin 2
2 2
100 MPa  60 MPa 100 MPa  60 MPa 
   cos  2  53     45 MPa  sin  2  53  
2  2 
 31.23 MPa

Solution:

(a)

The angle between vector A and vector B is calculated as:


 
A B
cos    
A B


 8.6i + 5j  4.3k    2.5i  8j +7.5k 
 8.6    5    4.3   2.5    8    7.5 
2 2 2 2 2 2

 50.75 
 cos 1  
 10.837 11.247 
 114.61

(b)
The cross product between vector A and vector C is calculated as:
  
R  AC
  8.6i + 5j  4.3k    3.3i  8.7k 
 74.82 j  16.5k + 43.5i  14.19 j
= 43.5i  89.01j  16.5k

The magnitude of the cross product between vector A and vector C is calculated
as:

 43.5    89.01   16.5 
2 2 2
R=
 100.435

(c)

The result of AXB.C is:


  
 

Z  A B C
   8.6i + 5j  4.3k    2.5i  8j +7.5k     3.3i  8.7k 
  68.8k  64.5j  12.5k +37.5i  10.75j  34.4i   3.3i  8.7k 
  3.1i  75.25j  81.3k   3.3i  8.7k 
 10.23i  707.31k

The given tension force is represented in Cartesian form as:


 
 0.8i  1.5j  2k
T  T  
 
 0.8   1.5    2 
2 2 2
 
 
0.8i  1.5j  2k
 2.4 kN   
 
  0.8    1.5    2 
2 2 2

 0.7314i +1.3714j  1.829k

Thus, the magnitude of the component of the moment at Point O is calculated


as:

M O   1.6i + 2k    0.7314i +1.3714j  1.829k  

 2.74    4.39    2.19 


2 2 2

 5.62 kN  m

Solution:

The torque diagram of the shaft is shown below:


The torque distribution equation for segment AB is:
TAB  2000 x  1200

The minimum shear stress will occur in the segment AB and the location can be
found by equating the torque in this segment to zero:
2000 z  1200  0
z  0.6 m  From end A 

Thus, the minimum shear stress occurs at the z = 0.6 m from end A of zero
magnitude:

  min  z  0.6 m  0

The maximum Torque will occur at A:


 2000 N  m 1.5 m   1200 N  m  Tmax
Tmax  1800 N  m

Thus, the magnitude of the maximum shear stress at A is calculated as:


Tmax 2 max

J d
T d
 max  max

2 d 4
32
16  1800 N  m

   0.06 m 
3

 42441318.16 N/m 2

Solution:

Given Data:
m  300 kg
n  10 rad/s

The stiffness of the wheel assembly is calculated as:

k
n 
m
k  n  m
2

  10 rad/s   300 kg
2

= 30000 N/m

Solution:

Given Data:
k  857.8 N/m
c  7.8 kg/s
m  49.2 103 kg

The damping ratio is calculated as:


c

2 km
7.8 kg/s

2 857.8 N/m  49.2 103 kg
 0.6

(a)

The damped frequency in rad/s is calculated as:

d   n  1   2
k
  1  2
m
857.8N/m
 1   0.6 
2
 3
49.2 10 kg
 105.63 rad/s

(b)

The damped frequency in Hz is calculated as:

1
d  105.63 rad/s
2
= 16.812 Hz

(c)

Since, the damping ratio is less than 1, the system is under-damped.


Option (d) is correct.

Explanation:

The period of oscillation of the system is given as:

m
T  2
keq

Here m is the mass of the system and keq is the equivalent stiffness of the
system.

Here, the period of oscillation is independent of the presence of friction between


the block and the horizontal surface.

Solution:

Given Data:
V  1.5 m3
m  750 kg
P  1 MPa

The specific volume is calculated as:

V
v
m
1.5 m 3

750 kg
 0.002 m 3 /kg

Note: The values of the specific volume of the saturated liquid and vapor at 1
MPa pressure is taken from steam table as:

v f  0.00112723 m3 /kg
vg  0.19436 m3 /kg

Thus, the quality or the dryness fraction of the steam is calculated as::

v  v f  x  vg  v f 
v  vf
x
vg  v f


 0.002  0.00112723 m3 /kg
 0.19436  0.00112723 m3 /kg
 0.004512

Solution:

Given Data:
h  16.7 m
Q  7.645 m 3 /min
m  80%

The approximate horsepower of the motor is calculated as:


Pm  0.8   water  g  Q  h
 1m 3 /s 
 0.8 1000 kg/m 3  9.81 m/s 2   7.645 m 3 /min   16.7 m
 60 m3 /min 
1 Hp
= 16699.43 W 
746 W
 22.4 Hp

Solution:

Option (c) is correct.

Explanation.

Divide the whole part into two segments as shown below:


Divide the whole part into two segments as shown below:

y
Part Area
A1   33  24  mm 2 15  18
1 y1  mm
 792 mm 2 2
= 16.5 mm
1
A2  12 mm  18 mm  2 18 mm 
2 y 2  15 mm +  
2  3 
= 108 mm 2  27 mm
A3     7 mm 
2
y3  15 mm
3
 153.94 mm 2

The y-coordinate of the centroid of the shaded area can be calculated as:

A1 y1  A2 y 2  A3 y 3
y
A1  A2  A3


 792 mm 2
   
 16.5 mm  108 mm 2  27 mm  153.94 mm 2 15 mm 
 792  108  153.94  mm 2
 14.8 mm
Divide the whole part into two segments as shown below:

y
Part Area
A1     18 in 
2
y1  18 in
1
 324 in 2
   18 in 
2
 4 18 in 
2 A2  y 2  18 in +  
4  3 
 81 in 2  25.64 in

The y-coordinate of the centroid of the shaded area can be calculated as:

A1 y1  A2 y 2
y
A1  A2


 324 in 2
 
 18 in  81 in 2  25.64 in 
 324  81  in 2
 15.45 in

Solution:

Given Data:

Ti  43C
To  21C
Q  600 L/h
c p  4.18 kJ/kg  K
The heat given by the water to the air is calculated as:

 p  Ti  To 
E  mc
   Q  c p   Ti  To 
 2.78 107 m 3 /s 
 1000 kg/m 3   600 L/h    4.18 kJ/kg  K   43  21 K
 1 L/h 
= 15.34 kW

Solution:

Given Data:
D  2.5 cm
Patm  100 kPa
Q  103 m3 /s
g  10 m/s 2
  1000 kg/m3

Note: Dear Student! As per our guidelines, we are only allowed to answer three
sub parts of a question. Kindly repost the other parts again.
(a)

The velocity of the fluid inside the pipe is calculated as:

Q
V

 D2
4
4 103 m3 /s

   2.5 10 2 m 
2

 2.037 m/s

(b)

The height difference l can be calculated by applying the Bernoulli’s equation


between point 1 and point 3as:

P1 V12 P V2
  z1  atm  3  z3
 g 2g  g 2g
 2.037 m/s   l
2
100000 Pa
000  
1000 kg/m 3 10 m/s 2 2 10 m/s 2
l  10.207 m
Here negative sign indicates the depth is below the free surface of the water.
(c)

The pressure PH at point 2 as a function of h is calculated by applying the


Bernoulli’s equation between point 1 and point 2 as:
rw

(d)

The maximum height before the pressure would be negative is:

0    10000h  2074.68  Pa
h  0.207468 m

(e)

The pressure at the top point 2 is going to increase when the height is increased
beyond the value of -0.207468 m. The flow rate will decrease as the velocity
inside the duct will reduce.

Solution:

Given Data:
m  150 gm
Q  62 cal
T  12C
The specific heat of the object is calculated as:
Q  mc p T
4.184 J
62 cal 
1 cal
cp 
 1 kg 
150 gm    12C
 1000 gm 
 144.12 J/kg C

The angular acceleration of the rod can be calculated by writing the moment
equation about point B as:

L  mL2 mL2 
 mg  cos       
6  12 36 
 g  cos  L 
36    
 6 12 

L
3g
  cos 
2L

3g
    cos 90
2L
0

Solution:

Given Data:

mr  2 kg
lr  1.5 m
rw  2.5 mm
  

The free body diagram of the rod is shown below:


(a)

The length of the wire is calculated as:

lw  cos 30  1.5 m


lw  1.732 m

(b)

Take the moment of all the forces about the hinge to calculate the tension in the
wire when the object is added:
 19.62 N  0.75 m    90 kg 1.5 m    T  sin 301.5 m   0
T  199.62 N

The increase in the length of the wire when the object is added is calculated as:

Tlw
l w 
AEal
199.62 N 1732 mm

   2.5 mm    70  103 MPa 
2

 0.2515 mm

(c)

The increase in the length of the wire is very small. Thus, the rod will still
remain close to horizontal.

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