VBS Purvanchal Universty Jaunpur

PSYCHOLOGY

B.A.-I Paper I General Psychology M.M. 75

Paper II Development Psychology M.M. 75
Paper III Practical M.M. 50
B.A.-II Paper I Abnormal Psychology M.M. 75
Paper II Social Psychology M.M. 75
Paper III Practical M.M. 50
B.A.-III Compulsory Papers
Paper I Experimental Psychology M.M. 65
Paper II Psychological Statistics &
Measurement M.M. 65
Paper III Optional – Anyone of the Following
III (A) Health Psychology M.M. 70
III (B) Industrial Psychology M.M. 70
III (C) Environmental Psychology M.M. 70
III (D) Psychology of Personality M.M. 70
III (E) Applied Psychology M.M. 100
Paper-IV Practical
Divided into two parts
(i) Lab. Practical only six practical
are to be conducted 70
(ii) Tour report or Field study report 70

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PSYCHOLOGY
B.A./B.Sc. I
Paper-I General Psychology
Unit-I
1. Introduction approaches to the study of behaviour, nature and scope
psychology, S-O-R framework, methods of psychology, observation
experimental, interview and questionnaire.
Unit-II
2. Psychological bases of behaviour – neurons, structure and functions of brain
spinal cord, autonomic nervous system, glands.
3. Sensory processes – structure and function of eye and ear. Visual
phenomenon acuity, after image, colour mixing, colour blindness.
4. Attention : meaning, type, determinants, Perception, meaning, figure
background, laws of perceptual organization, illusion, movement perception
determinants of perception.
Unit-III
5. Learning – meaning, learning curve, theories of learning, trial and error,
insightful learning, classical and instrumental conditioning.
6. Emotion – nature of emotion, psychological changes during emotion, theories
of emotion – James-Lange and Cannon-Bard theory.
7. Motivation : meaning and homeostasis, instincts, drives, Biogenic motives,
hunger and thirst and Sociogenic motives – achievement, affiliation, approval
and power.
Unit-IV
8. Memory – nature and type, measurement of retention : Forgetting, disease,
preservation and consolidation and interference theory.
9. Intelligence – meaning, type of intelligence test, concept of intelligence
quotient, theories of intelligence – two factor and multifactor.
10. Personality – meaning, types, traits, determinants-genetic and environmental
influences.

B.A./B.Sc. I
Paper-II Development Psychology
Unit-I
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1. Development Psychology, Nature, scope, utility, Meaning & principle of
development, Stages & Laws of Development, Methods of studying
development – longitudinal and cross sectional, merit and demerits,
Importance of study of human development.
2. Dynamic of human development – Role of maturation and learning, heredity
and environment, imitation and identification.
Unit-II
3. Physical development : Meaning, stages – prenatal and postnatal,
determinants, development of nervous system and motor abilities. Meaning
Sequence of development, outcomes of development, Determinants.
4. Sensory and perceptual development – processes, sensory capacities of
infants; Perceptual development – dimensions and determinants.
5. Development of cognitions and understanding meaning and theory of
cognitive development, development of understanding, meaning and theory
of cognitive development, development of understanding – factors, concept
development – Meaning, characteristics, steps and determinants.
6. Socio Development – Meaning, criteria, stages and determinants, Language
development – Meaning, Speech & Speech disorders, Stages of Language
development, Determinants, Creativity – Meanings and developments.
7. Adolescence : Meaning & characteristics, Changes during adolescence,
problems of adjustment and means of solving problems.
8. Play, emotional and moral development : meaning, criteria, and stages of
social development; meaning and development of emotions. Watson and
Bridges theories, effect of deprivation of affection, Emotional dominance
and control, Heightened emotionality, meaning and development of morality
– Kohlberg's Self concept theory, determinants; Meaning; Meaning of play,
play & work, Importance of play, Characteristics and types of play, Stages of
play development, Factors.
Unit-IV
9. Exceptional children meaning and types, Mentally retarded child, Gifted
child, Delinquent child. Backward child, Handicapped child – problems,
treatment and education.

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10. Aging meaning characteristics task, personal and social development,
vocational adjustment, family adjustment, factor influencing adjustment
during aging.

B.A./B.Sc. I
Paper-III Practical
Record book = 10
Practical performance = 25
Viva-voce = 15
Unit-I
1. Learning curve (Mirror drawing/Maze Learning)
2. Measurement of Illusion.
3. Effect of knowledge of result on learning (KR)
4. Measurement of memory (STM/LTM).
5. Set in perception.
6. Water Jar Problem.
Unit-II
1. Verbal or performance test of intelligence
2. Multidimensional Adjustment inventory
3. Measurement of morality
4. Introversion – extroversion test
5. Social maturity
6. Vocabulary test.
PSYCHOLOGY
B.A./B.Sc. II
Paper-I Abnormal Psychology
Unit-I
1. Concept and viewpoints of abnormality, characteristics of normal and
abnormal behaviour.
2. Causes of abnormal, behaviour – biological, psychological, social and cultural
factors, Psychoanalytic theory of Freud – theory of mind, Psycho-sexual
development.
Unit-II

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3. Stress and adjustment – Models of stress and coping : conflict, Frustration,
reaction to frustration, Ego defense mechanism.
Unit-III
4. Anxiety – Meaning & disorders, PTSD, Obsessive – compulsive disorder –
symptoms, causes and treatment.
5. Phobia – symptoms, types, causes, treatment, Conversion disorder (Hysteria)
and Dissociative reactions.
6. Schizophrenia – symptoms, types, causes and treatment, Depression –
Meaning and types – Unipolar & Bipolar disorders.
Unit-IV
7. Delusional (Paranoia) disorder – meaning, criteria, sequence of events in
paranoid mode of thinking. Treatment.
8. Mental health – Meaning and prevention of mental health problems, Drug
Addiction.
9. Psychotherapy – Psychoanalytic – Psychotherapy, Non-directive therapy,
Behaviour therapy, Group therapy.
B.A./B.Sc. II
Paper-II Social Psychology
Unit-I
1. Brief historical background of Social Psychology – nature and scope of social
psychology, current trends in social Psychology.
2. Methods of studying social behaviour – Observation, Experimental, Field
Study, Survey, Sociometry and Cross-cultural method.
Unit-II
3. Social perception and cognition – meaning and determinants – person
perception impression formation, determinants.
4. Attitudes – meaning, components and characteristics Measurements-
Thurstone, Likert, Semantic Differential scale, formation of attitude, attitude
change persuasion, resistance to persuasion, theories – balance and
dissonance.
Unit-III
5. Social learning, meaning and determinants, model learning, determinants,
role learning.

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6. Conformity and Norms – meaning and determinants, Obedience, Compliance
and Social Loafing : Meaning of norms, types, formation of norms.
7. Social status – meaning, process, determinants.
Unit-IV
8. Social roles – meaning, social role and interaction, role playing, role strain
and conflict, determinants and theories of role conflict, enactment and ex.
9. Group dynamics – social group : meaning and types, Cohesiveness, Group
effectiveness, Group dynamics, Leadership – meaning, functions and types,
leadership effectiveness, group morale.
10. Prejudice and discriminations, Inter-group conflict, Social tension, causes
and reducing inter-group conflict.

B.A./B.Sc. I
Paper-III Practical
Record book = 10
Practical performance = 25
Viva-voce = 15
Unit-I
1. Social motives (Ach. App; Aff. Pow) scale
2. Social attitude scale
3. Sociometry
4. Leadership measurement (LPC)
5. Prejudice
6. Perceptual defence
7. Group discussion and judgement.
Unit-II
1. Anxiety Scale
2. Life Experience Survey Scale (LEF)
3. Mental Health Scale
4. Security-Insecurity Feeling
5. Depression Scale
6. E.P.Q.
PSYCHOLOGY
B.A./B.Sc. III

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Note: There will be two compulsory and one optional paper
Compulsory Papers
Paper I Experimental Psychology
Paper II Psychological Statistics & Measurement
Paper III Optional Paper : Anyone of the following to be opted
(a) Health Psychology
(b) Industrial Psychology
(c) Environmental Psychology
(d) Psychology of Personality
(e) Applied Psychology
Pattern of question paper and distribution of marks will be as under:
Paper Long Answer Short Answer Total
Paper I & II 2 x15 = 30 7 x 5 = 35 = 65
Paper III 2 x 17.5 = 35 7 x 5 = 35 = 70

Paper-I Experimental Psychology

Unit-I
1. Conceptual basis of experimental psychology. Psychological experiment
problem, hypothesis, variables, experiment designs, and variable control.
2. Psychophysics – meaning and problems, Weber – Fechner's Law, method of
classical psychophysics-Average error, Method of limits, Constant stimuli
method.
Unit-II
3. Sensory and perceptual processes : Visual sensation – visual stimulus,
summation, adaptation, contrast, auditory sensation-theories of condition
perception : meaning figural after effect, constancy, distance perception,
determinants-need, value, perceptual defense, set, and personality.
4. Conditioning – Pavlovian (classical) and Institutional conditioning,
procedures, phenomena – inhibition, extinction and spontaneous recovery,
generalization and determinants.
Unit-III
5. Verbal learning : materials, methods, phenomena and determinants.

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6. Thinking : meaning, types and theories, concept formation-meaning
determinants.
7. Problem solving : meaning materials, methods and determinants.
Unit-IV
8. Memory : meaning and types – sensory, Short term and Long term memory;
STM-LTM controversy; methods of studying STM; Forgetting-meaning
theories-interference and two factor.
9. Transfer and methods of learning : design and types of transfer, learning
methods – whole vs part, massed vs spaced method.
10. Acquired Motives : Maslow's model, intrinsic – extrinsic frame work,
achievement, aggression, power, approval, exploratory, behaviour and
curiosity.
B.A./B.Sc. III
Paper-II Psychological Statistics & Measurement
Note: Calculator and Statistical tables are allowed.
Unit-I
1. Psychological statistics : Nature and types, Descriptive and Interferential
statistics.
2. Frequency distribution and graphic representation of data : Polygon,
Histogram, Cumulative and Ogive graph.
Unit-II
3. Measures of central tendency – Mean, Median and Mode – Meaning,
application and computation.
4. Measures of variability - Q.D., A.D. and S.D. meaning, application and
computation.
Unit-III
5. Correlation – meaning and types, methods – Rank order, Product Moment
correlation, computation.
6. Normal probability curve (NPC) – meaning, characteristics and application.
7. Hypothesis testing and making interferences : meaning and computation of
Critical Ratio – t-test meaning and computation, Type I and Type II errors in
inference making.
Unit-IV

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8. Nonparametric statistics : Chi-square test : nature and characteristics,
application of chi-square.
9. Scaling : Meaning & types – nominal, ordinal, interval and ratio scale.
10. Reliability and Validity – meaning and types.
B.A./B.Sc. III
Paper-III (A) Health Psychology

Unit-I
1. Introduction to health psychology : A brief history of health psychology,
definition, research models of health psychology.
2. System of body, Nervous system, endocrine system, cardiovascular system,
respiratory system, renal system, digestive system, genital and immunity
system.
Unit-II
3. Health behaviour and primary prevention : concept & health behaviour
determinants, health promotion, modification of health behaviour, changing
health through beliefs and attitudes, social engineering, habit modification,
health enhancing behaviour, exercise, accident prevention, physical
examination, weight control and diet.
4. Stress and coping : Stress – nature, reaction to stress and illness coping with
stress, measurement of stress.
5. The patient in the treatment setting : Use of health services, misuse of health
service, patient in hospital setting, patient practitioner interaction – nature,
communication and behaviour.
Unit-III
6. Pain and management ; nature, measurement of pain, clinical management,
organization of pain, pain control techniques.
7. Management of chronic and terminal illness : emotional responses to chronic
illness, coping, rehabilitation of chronic ill, psychological interventions.
8. Heart disease, hypertension, stroke and diabetes : coronary heart disease,
natural measurement, modification and development of type A Behaviour,
hypertension. Stress & hypertension, personality factors of hypertension,
treatment, recovery from stroke : measurement of diabetes – types,
implications, causes and intervention.
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Unit-IV
9. Psychoimmunology (AIDS, cancer and arthritis) – the immune system,
assessment of the immune competence, Intervention, meaning, causes,
prevention, coping and prevalence, Cancer : psychological factor of cancer,
stress and cancer, adjusting problems, rehabilitative intervention : Arthritis :
types and adjustment.
10. Challenges for the future : Health promotion, use of health service.

B.A./B.Sc. III
Paper-III (B) Industrial Psychology

Unit-I
1. Historical background, nature and scope of Industrial Psychology, Problems
utility, human view of industrial psychology, concept of H.R.D.
2. Methods of studying behaviour in industrial setting. Field study, Inteview,
Questionnaire, Experimental method.
3. Scientific management, time and motion study, economic foundations,
Howthorne studies, foundations of industrial psychology.
4. Job satisfaction – Meaning, measurement and determinants
5. Leadership and supervision – meaning and types – democratic autocratic
leadership, Industrial morale : meaning and criteria of industrial moral,
measurement and determinants.
Unit-III
6. Individual differences – meaning, causes and distribution of individual
differences, measurement
7. Personnel selection : Job design and job analysis : meaning and approaches
to job design, job design method, job rotation, job enlargement, job
enrichment, job analysis : meaning, method and scope, quality of work life
(QWL), management by objectives (MBO).
8. Performance appraisal – criteria, errors and biases, methods of appraising
performance.
Unit-IV

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9. Industrial accidents : meaning, accident proneness theories, factors,
consequences of accidents, reducing accidents, Industrial fatigue and
monotony – meaning, causes and elimination.
10. Employee motivation – meaning of motivation, theories of employee
motivation, Maslow and Herzberg, human relations in industry – Industrial
conflicts, causes and prevention and labour welfare – aspects and
importance.

B.A./B.Sc. III
Paper-III (C) Environmental Psychology

Unit-I
1. Inroduction : meaning, origin and content areas, research methods in
environmental psychology – experimental, correlation, descriptive, methods
of data collection – self report, observation, trace measures, Choosing
measure.
2. World views in psychology : Trait, interactional organism and Traditional
perspectives.
Unit-II
3. Environmental perception and cognition characterizing environmental
perception, Environment cognition, Cognitive maps, Way finding.
4. Theories of environment-behaviour relationship – The nature and function of
theory in environmental psychology : environment behaviour theories –
arousal, environmental load, understimulation, adaptation level, behaviour
constraint, environmental stress. Barker's ecological psychology.
Unit-III
5. Noise-perceiving noise, annoyance, source, Effect of noise – health, mental
health, performance, social behaviour. Weather – climate and behaviour,
Heat, Cold, Wind, Barometer proces and altitude.
6. Diaster, Toxic hazards and Pollution – Natural disasters, Technological
catastrophe, Toxic exposures, Air pollution.
Unit-IV

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7. High density and Crowding : Effects of population density on human and
animals, effect of urban life on city dwellers, Environmental solution to
urban problems.
8. Architectural design and engineering for human behaviour – the physical
environment, the process of design, substantive contribution.
Unit-V
9. Personality and the environment : Impact of everyday physical environment
on human personality – Effects of the environment on emotion.
10. Territoriality – definition and structural characteristic Environmental stress
definitions, characteristics, stresses and its effects.

B.A./B.Sc. III
Paper-III (D) Psychology of Personality

Unit-I
1. Meaning of personality – Some aspect of personality – Self concept, Traits,
LOC, self-esteem, types of personality – Intraversion – Extravension, Type-
A.
2. Development of personality – determinants of personality – biological,
environmental, social and cultural.
Unit-II
3. Theories of personality – Freud's Psycho-analystic theory and Basic concepts
of Neopsychoanalytic theory (Adeler, E. Fromm, Sallivan, Erikson).
4. Cognitive theories – Kelly's Cognitive theory, Roger's person centered
theory, All port's theory, Lewin's field theory.
5. Factor theories : R.B. Cattell, H.J. Eysenck, Big five model.
Unit-III
6. Learning theories : S-R theories, Operant learning, Reinforcement theory
Dollard and Miller's theory, Bandura's theory.
7. Measurement of personality : case history, interview.
8. Measurement of personality – Cattell's 16 P.F. MMPI, Rosenzwig PR study.
Unit-IV
9. Projective methods – TAT, Rorschach inkblot test, Sentence Competition
Test.
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10. Eastern and Vedantic view of personality.
11. Eastern and Vedantic view of personality.

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B.A./B.Sc. III
Paper-III (E) Applied Psychology

Unit-I
1. Applied Psychology, meaning, scope and utility. Diagnostic assessment, use
of interview and questionnaire, Tests-meaning and types, measuring.
Intelligence and Personality.
2. Guidance and counseling : Meaning, purpose, scope, steps, problems of
counseling, diagnosis of the behavioural problems, factors of importance in
vocational selection.
3. Psychology of education : meaning and use of psychological knowledge in
educating children, Adjustment in schools, students achievement and its
determinants. Aptitude measurement and its types, Motivating learning,
Problems of learning.
4. Human growth and Development : Meaning of growth and development,
Developmental stages and their tasks, Laws of development : Some
dimensions of development – Promoting social competence and
achievement. Exceptional children – mentally retarded and superior,
handicapped children, Backward and delinquent children, causes and
psychological assistance, Determinants of development.
5. Human resources : meaning and planning : Human resource supply and
demand, career path planning, job role planning, control and evaluation,
individual differences, meaning and measurement.
6. Stress and adjustment : Meaning causes, effects and stress management,
Abnormal behaviour – meaning and general causes : Psychological disorders
Anxiety & Depression; Mental Health-Meaning, Criteria and Determinants.
7. Drug addiction – Types of drugs, Alcoho, opium and their effects, Drug
dependence, causes and treatment of drug addiction.
8. Industrial application - Job analysis and selection; Employee motivation –
Maslow & Herzberg models, Training procedure – on the job and off the job
training; Job satisfaction – meaning and determinants; Fatigue & monotony,
performance appraisal; Improving psychological environment.

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9. Social problem : Prejudice & discrimination, aggression & violence, social
tension – causes prevention : Problems of population, population explosion
and control.
10. Health awareness – Illness prevention, Treatment and health promotion,
Challenges to health of women & children.
11. Environmental problems – Meaning of environment, Noise, air & water
pollution & control, Atmospheric conditions, Density & crowding,
Environment management.

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B.A./B.Sc. III
Paper-IV Practical

Part-I : In all six practical are to be performed selecting three form compulsory
and three from optional paper.
Part-II: Educational Tour Report or Field Study Report
1. Experimental Psychology
1. Bilateral transfer of training (TT)
2. Determining AL (Method Limits)
3. Determining DL (Constant Stimuli method)
4. Retroactive Interference
5. Reaction Time (Simple/Complex)
Optional Paper
3. (a) Health Psychology
(i) Type A & Type B Inventory
(ii) Stress Inventory
(iii) Coping Strategies Schedule
(iv) Health awareness
(v) Health problem check list
(b) Industrial Psychology
(i) Job satisfaction
(ii) Employee motivation
(iii) Measurement Job Involvement
(iv) Fatigue
(v) Work Alienation
(c) Environmental Psychology
(i) Noise adoption
(ii) Environmental Ethics
(iii) Environmental effect on emotion
(iv) Environmental awareness
(v) Noise sensitivity
(d) Psychology of Personality
(i) Locus of Control (LOC)
(ii) T.A.T. or Rorschack Ink blot test
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(iii) 16 P.F.
(iv) Big Five personality test
(v) Self-esteem scale
(e) Applied Psychology
(i) Adjustment inventory
(ii) Aptitude test
(iii) Job satisfaction
(iv) Emotional maturity
(v) Use of Interview as a diagnostic technique

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Practical prescribed for M.A. (Previous) Psychology : Any eight of the following
to be performed
1. Effect of set on perception/anagram solution
2. Social perception.
3. Person perception.
4. Affect structure of the group
5. Measurement of altruism
6. STM as a function of retention interval
7. Retroactive inhibition
8. Measurement of creativity
9. Reasoning ability
10. Concept learning
11. Measurement of aggression
12. Measurement of depression (comparative study)
13. Hypochondriasis scale
14. Subjective well-being inventory

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PSYCHOLOGY
M.A./M.Sc. (Previous)
Paper – I Cognitive Psychology
1. Meaning, scope and current status of cognitive psychology.
2. Perception : Psychological discrimination. Stevens Power Law, Signal
Detection Theory.
3. Form Perception – Figure Formation, Distance perception and Perceptual
constancy.
4. Reinforcement and Conditioning : Meaning, types, schedules of
reinforcement, effect on response strength, Empirical approaches to
reinforcement – Premack theory, Response Deprivation and Matching Law.
5. Avoidance learning and Punishment – suppressive and non-suppressive;
Discrimination learning – Meaning and theories – continuity and non
continuity ; Attention to cues - Acquired distinctiveness of cue differentiation
theory & learning sets.
6. Memory : Meaning and types : Models of Memory – Atkinson – Schiffrin &
Craik – Lockhart Models, Semantic Memory. Types – Network & Set
structures feature comparison, Reconstruction in memory & Schemes.
7. Forgetting : Meaning and theories – Disease, Perservation – Consolidation,
interference Theory and cue-dependent forgetting.
8. Concept formation – Meaning and conceptual rules, procedure and strategies,
ill-defined and well-defined concepts, Theories – Associative and Hyptoehsis
testing.
9. Creativity & Reasoning : Meaning & measurement of creativity, determinants
& fostering creativity; Reasoning – Logical reasoning, conditional and
syllogistic reasoning, determinants of reasoning; decision making – framing
effect and overconfidence.
Practical relating to Cognitive Psychology.

Paper-II ADVANCED PSYCHOPATHOLOGY

1. Psychopathology : Meaning and approaches – neurophysiological,
neurochemical, genetic and psypchosocial, approaches – psychodynamic,
behavioural, cognitive and socio-cultural approaches.

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2. Nosological systems – multiaxial, classification – ICD – 10 and DSM-IVR
Model for Abnormal Behaviour.
3. Neursoes : Etiology and symptomatology of Anxiety Disorder, Obsession-
compulsion, Somatoform and Dissociative disorders.
4. Psychoses : Etiology and symptomatology of Schizophrenia, Paranoid state,
Mood disorder-depressive, dysthymia, unipolar.
5. Cognitive disorders : Dementia (Alzheimer's, Parkinson', Huntington's
disease), Epilepsy, Cerebroarteriosclersois.
6. Maladaptive Behaviour : Drug dependence (alcohol, nicotine, stimulant,
cafferine, opioid, hallucinogens, cannabi cannabis, anxiolytic related disorder).
Psychopathic personality, Sexual dysfunction.
7. Psychosomatic disorder : Meaning and types-cardiovascular asthama : Skin
disorder; Headache, Migrane, Allergy, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Diabetes and
Menstrual disorder.
8. Development disorders : Mental retardation-types, Attention
defecit/hyperactivity disorder, Dyslexia, Speech disorder, Rehabilitation,
Suicide.
9. Disorder of Specific significance : Atypical psychoses, Sleep disorder-
dyssomnias and parasomnias; Eating disorders and obesity.

Paper-III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Note: Students must be allowed calculators and statistical table in
examination
1. Psychological research : Meaning and scientific approach, problems in
psychological research.
2. Problem and hypothesis – Origin, sources and features, Experimentation in
Psychology : purpose, nature of variables, techniques of experimental
manipulation. Impact and control in experiment, sources of bias. Ethical
issues in Psychological Research.
3. Sampling : Meaning and purpose, Probability and non probability sampling.
4. Research Design : Meaning, purpose and characteristics; criteria and
conceptual foundation, Between group design, Randomized block design,
Factorial design.
5. With in group design : single and two factors repeated measures design.
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6. Type of Research : Experimental research, quasi-experimental research; non-
experimental research – field study, survey, correlation research, single
subject research.
7. Methods of data collection – Observation, Interview and Interview schedule,
Somantic differential, Rating techniques, Q-technique.
8. Statistical methods – parametric test; t test (within and between groups), F-
test – One way and two way.
9. Non parametric methods : Kruskal – Wallis test, Chi-square thest, Median or
Sign test, U Test.
Paper-IV ADVANCED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY
1. Social Psychology : Growth of Social Psychology as modern discipline,
nature, levels of analysis and approaches.
2. Person perception : Impression formation and management Attribution :
Meaning, theories application.
3. Social Influence; meaning and elements, Behaving contrary to attitudes,
Dissonance and Advocacy theory, Social facilitation.
4. Persuasion Communication : Communicator message, target person, process
of resistance to change, mass communication, function of group in
communication process, group as a agent for resistance to change, group as a
agent of change.
5. Interpersonal attraction : Dyadic interaction, determinants of attraction,
theories – Balance, Reinforcement, equity and exchange theory, intimate
relationship, development, relationship issue coping after a relationship ends.
6. Social power : meaning, bases and determinants, power process, balanced
and imbalanced power relations, social interactions : levels and determinants,
negotiations and games of strategy – cooperation and competition.
7. Altruism and Prosocial behaviour : meaning, determinants and theories –
aggression theory, social learning theory, factors instigating and controlling
aggression.
8. Group Dynamics : meaning of group, group formation, group decision
making and problem solving, Insights from small group research.
9. Applied Social Psychology : Current social problems, poverty, population
growth, gender issues, Applying Social psychology : law, business and
health, Social institutions, Social movements.
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PSYCHOLOGY
M.A./M.Sc. (FINAL)
COMPULSORY PAPER

Paper-I PSYCHOMETRIC METHODS

1. Psychometrics : Concept, levels of measurement, transformation and
invariance of scores, undimensional and multidimensional scaling, obtained
scores and error components.
2. Test theory : Meaning and types of test scores, construction of tests, item
analysis, standardization and norm, cross-cultural adaptation of tests.
3. Reliability of tests : Domain sampling, parallel test and binomial model,
characteristics and deduction, inter-rater reliability and generalizability.
4. Validity of test : Rationale of validity and validation, relation of validity to
reliability, problems in interpreting validity coefficients, cross validation.
5. Psychological test : Meaning, types and applications, test of general mental
ability – Stanford – Binet, WAIS, Aptitude test, D.A.T. Creativity, Personality
tests.
6. Correctional analysis : Product moment correlation (Scattergram), regression
– prediction, special correlational technique – partial, multiple correlation.
7. Factor Analysis : Meaning and methods – exploratory and confirmatory,
techniques for testing adequacy of correlational matrix, problems and
procedures of interpretations, selection of communality value, methods for
selecting the number of significant factors for rotation.
8. Assessment in educational and occupational set-up.
9. Socio-Cultural factors in Psychological Assessment.

OPTIONAL PAPER
There optional paper, one from each group, are to be opted by
the students.
Paper – II
(Group A)
(i) GUIDENCE AND COUNSELLING
Any one of the following
1. Guidance : Concepts, Functions and Scope.
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2. Groundwork of guidance : understanding the individual, achievement,
abilities, aptitude, personality and interest test.
3. Counselling : Meaning, definitional models, aims and expectations of
counselling, characteristics of counsellee and counsellor, role of counsellor.
4. Approaches to counselling : Affectively oriented approaches, psychoanalytic,
person centered and existential, cognitively oriented approaches, electric and
behavioural.
5. Processes of counselling : External conditions and preparations, structuring
the counselling relationship, interview, nonverbal behaviour, group
counselling approaches, descriptive case studies.
6. Theories of Counselling : Psychodynamic, Humanistic – existential and client-
centered, cognitive approach, retional and motive, transactional analysis :
Behavioural approach – operant conditioning and behavioural modification,
Indian contribution : Yoga and meditation.
7. Counselling application : educational, vocational, behavioural, family,
material, drug addicts, mental retardates, gerontological and weaker sections,
descriptive case studies.
8. Evaluation of counselling : Meaning and scope, steps and outcome research.
9. Professional training and preparation : Ethical standards, selection and
training of guidance workers and counsellors.

OPTIONAL PAPER
PAPER – II GROUP (A) II
ADVANCED PSYSIOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY
1. Physiological Psychology, Meaning, Scope & Methods.
2. Organization and functions of the central nervous system – spinal cord and
brain.
3. Neural conduction and transmission resting membrane potential, action
potential, synaptic, storage, release and reuptake mechanism, receptors up-
regulation and down-regulation.
4. Hormones and sex : endocrine glands and hormones gonadal hormones and
sexual development, sexual orientation.
5. States of consciousness : physiological and behavioural correlates of sleep,
arousal and alenness, e.soraders of arousal and sleep.
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6. Motivational states stranger and ship.
7. Emotion – automatic and endocrine effects, neural mechanism of emotion,
stress : its hormones : role of Hypothalamus and cortex.
8. Learning and memory : locus of memory trace, changes at the synapse in
learning, neural structures involved in learning and memory, biochemical
basis of memory.
9. Drugs and behaviour : Principle of drug action, psychoactive drugs; alcohol,
barbiturates, marijuana, nicotine, caffeine, opiates, amphetamine; neural
mechanism of addiction, withdrawal and dependence.
(III) INTERVENTION : STRATEGIES, SKILLS AND APPLICATIONS
1. Intervention strategies : models of intervention : Collective and individual
orientations; Community psychology as a model for collective intervention in
social problems; Psychologists as professional and activist : Dilemmas and
choices; Consultancy work; Counselling: Models and processes; Therapy;
Family and group therapy; Processes of therapy and the skill of therapists.
2. Intervention Skills : Skills and personal qualities of psychologist in
intervention; Communicating effectively and efficiently in various context;
Persudaing the policy makers, administrators and community leaders;
Mobilizing people for social action. Working in small groups; Leadership
skills; Group dynamics: Conflict, conflict management and resolution.
3. Applications in Organizational Setting : Social psychological perspectives on
contemporary problems of organisations; Team building and entrepreneurship
development; the challenge of institution building, Industry as a
socioeconomic system; Social responsibility and problems of alienation in
industry; Industrial democracy and social justice at work place.
4. Applications Across Life Span : Child abuse (sexual or other wise) Issues and
scope for intervention; Children from broken and single parent families;
Juvenile delinquency; Motivating adults for education; health and
rehabilitation of the aged; Youth estrangement; health and sexuality; Drug
addiction and alcoholism : problem and remedial measures; Unemployment
and its psychosocial consequence; unrest and violence – causes, consequences
and scope of intervention; Youth and social movements.

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5. Application to Legal Area : Relation between law and psychology;
Interviewing eyewitness statements : Testimony, false memories and false
confessions.

(iv) CROSS CULTURAL PSYCHOLOGY

1. Culture and behaviour : Nature of culture, Cultural relativity and universality
of human behaviour, mechanism of cultural transmission.
2. Methodology of Cross-cultural Psychology : Comparability and equivalence,
universals, Emics and etics; Sampling and measurement issues, Back
translation, decentering and subsytem validation.
3. Cultural and Cognition : Theoretical positions : Contemporary issues, Cultural
influence on Perception; Cognition; Learning, Memory, Problem solving,
Reasoning and Creativity. Everyday cognition.
4. Culture and emotion : Basic emotions, Dimenstional and componential
models. Subjective experiences, Appraisal, Physiological reactions, and
emotional expressions.
5. Culture and Organizations; Work value, commitment, communication and
interpersonal dynamics, Managerial techniques, organization development
and change, conflict negotiations.
6. Culture and Health : Psychopathology across culture, Culture bound
syndromes and therapeutic models, Cultural factors in health interventions.
7. Culture and social behaviours : Conformity, Value, individualism-
collectivism, gender roles and socializations processes.
8. Culture change and adaptations : processes of acculturation in plural societies,
Acculturation strategies Acculturation and adaptation of tribal native people
and refugees; Behavioural Shifts and Acculturative stress, Causal and
moderating factors.
9. Cross cultural communication : Verbal and nonverbal interactions,
communication incongruent, deceptions, cultural display roles, formulating
and managing ntercultural interactions.
PAPER – III
(GROUP B)
(I) CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY
Any one of the following
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1. Clinical Psychology : Meaning, historical background and current status.
2. Clinical assessment : Case study, mental status examination, intake, crisis and
diagnostic interviewing. Intelligence testing, projective test (TAT, Rorschach),
MMPI, Neuropsychological Bender-Gestalt, LNNB; Descriptive reports.
3. Biologically based therapies and psychotherapy, client-therapist relationship,
ethical issues.
4. Psychodynamic therapy : Freudian psychoanalysis.
5. Behaviour therapy : Extinction, systematic desensitization, aversion therapy,
modeling, assertive therapy, biofeedback treatment.
6. Cognitive behaviour therapy : Rational emotive therapy, cognitive behaviour
therapy.
7. Humanistic – existential therapy : Person centered therapy, Gestalt therapy.
8. Interpersonal Therapy : Marital Therapy, family therapy, Transactional
analysis.
9. Group therapy : Encounter group therapy, Psychodrama, sensitivity training,
play therapy.
10. Chemothy : tranquilizers, antianxiety drugs, sedatives and bromides,
stimulants, antipsychotic drugs, psychedellic drugs.

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(II) BEHAVIOUR MODIFICATION
1. Introduction : What is behaviour modification – Learning theory, foundation
of behaviour modification – merits and limitations of behaviouiral approach.
2. Behavioural Analysis : Enhancing clients involvement – Behavioural
counseling.
3. Relaxation techniques : Jacobson's Progressive Muscular Relaxation –
Autogenic training – Yoga, Meditation etc.
4. Systematic Desensitisation : Basic Principles – construction of hierarchy –
scene presentation, theory of desensitisation.
5. Assertiveness Training : Components of assertive behaviour; method of
assertiveness training – implementing assertive procedure.
6. Operant Conditioning Techniques : Basic Paradigm – Schedules of
reinforcement – token economy – shaping – chaining – Premack's principle.
7. Cognitive behaviour Modificatin : Meichenbaum's self instruction training –
Beck's model – Rational emotive therapy of Ellis.
8. Clinical application of behaviour therapy : In anxiety disorders, psychoactive
substance use disorder – sexual disorder, psychotic disorder – Personality
disorder – childhood disorder – Biofeedback principles and clinical
applications.
9. Educational Guidance : Programmed learning – guidance in elementary school
and secondary school-guidance towards life goals.

(III) PSYCHOLOGY OF CRIMINAL BEHAVIOUR

1. Introduction : Nature and historical perspective of criminal behaviour,
Technique of studying criminal behaviour.
2. Analysis of Crime : Biological, sociological and psychological perspective.
3. Special offender Groups : Types, causes and interventions with respect to
the following : juvenile delinquency, Substance abuse, Terrorism.
4. Special offences : Types, causes and interventions with respect to the
following : Crime against women; Suicide, Homicide.
5. Rehabilitation in Family and Society.
6. The role of Law-enforcement Voluntary Agencies in Social Defence.
(IV) EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY

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1. Conceptual and Theoretical Perspective in Educational Psychology :
Behaviouristic Theories, Social learning theories (Modeling and observational
learning. Self-efficacy, Classroom implications) Piaget and Neo-Piagetion
theories and their application in teaching; Bruner, Vygostsky's Cognitive
psychology and Information Processing Models. Metacognition, Cognitive
styles and learning strategies; Language Acquisition and Reading
Development; Humanistic Approaches to Education; Constructivism.
2. Human diversity and education :
a. Cultural differences in learning styles, Readiness and classroom
Achievement; Multiculturalism and Education; Social class differences,
Poverty, Disadvantaged and education.
b. Individual and group differences in Intelligence, Theories of intelligence,
Multiple intelligence, Issues in intelligence Testing, Schooling and
cognition. Gender Differences/Issues in class room. Multingualism and
minority Language Issues in Education – Mother Tongue Education,
Bilingual or Multilingual Education.
3. Effective Teaching and Classroom Management :
a. Planning and Setting Objectives for teaching (Taxonomy of objectives,
Types of Objectives and their utility), Characteristics of effective
teachers. Teaching methods (Direct Instruction – Lecturing and
Explaining, Questioning Aptitude – Treatment interaction; Student
Centered Teaching). Individualised Instruction, Ecology of Classrooms,
Social psychology of class rooms, Classroom management, Disciplining
and communication.
b. Teaching small groups : The Discussion Method and Cooperative
Learning Computer Assisted Instruction.
4. Exceptionality and Special Education.
a. Categories of exceptionality; Labeling and educational relevance.
Physically Challenged students. Students with Cognitive Disabilities or
brain dysfunction and communication disorders.
b. Students with emotional and behaviour disorders Attention deficit
Disorder (ADD), Attentinal Deficit, Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD),
Gifted and Talented Students.
c. Specific Learning and Reading Disability.
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d. Intervention and special Education for various forms of exceptionality;
mainstreaming.
5. Educational Assessment
a. Measurement and Evaluation (Norm-referenced and Criterion-referenced
tests), Test Scores – Meaning, Types of interpretation.
b. Standardized Test – Meaning, Types and Interpretation; Reliability and
Validity; Classroom Assessment and grading.
c. Diversity/Cultural Differences and Assessment.
PAPER – IV
(GROUP C)
(I) PSYCHOLOGY OF ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOUR
Any one of the following.
1. Nature of organizational behaviour (O.B.) : Models and approaches to O.B.,
O.B. and management.
2. Motivation and Work : Meaning and theories of motivation; early theories –
Maslow, Herzberg; Contemporary theories – Alderfer, McClleland, Goal
setting, Equity, Expectancy, JCM, OBMod, Organizational implications.
3. Organizational leadership : Meaning and theories – Trait, behavioural and
contingency theories – Fiedler, Hersey and Blanchard, path-goal theory,
leader participation theory : Organizational implications.
4. Organizational structure : Definition, type, key structure variables, informal
organizations, Organizational implications.
5. Work stress : Definition, source and consequences, stress management
strategies. Organizational implications.
6. Conflict and inter group relations : Views, process types and sources,
management of conflict, negotiation and intergroup relations, management of
integroup relations, Organizations implications.
7. Organizational climate : Meaning determinants; Organizational effectiveness
– meaning, indicators, perspectives on organizational effectiveness,
Approaches, Organizational implications.
8. Communication and decision making : Meaning, functions, processes,
barriers; improving communication, communications patterns; group decision
making. Organizational implications.

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9. Organizational change and development : Change process and characteristics,
approaches-Lewin's Model, Action research, organizational development –
OD; values, interventions.

(II) SPORTS PSYCHOLOGY

1. Nature and historical and recent perspective on sports psychology.
2. The role of stress, arousal, anxiety and attention in the performance of
individual and team sports.
3. Motivation, skills and performance. Personality profiles of successful sports
persons.
4. Cognitive and social psychological dimensions of individual and team sports.
5. Training/coaching techniques. Cognitive and behavioural interventions. The
role of sports psychologists.
(III) DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITY AND PSYCHO-
PATHOLOGY
1. Developmental disability :
a. Introduction : definition of disability, impairment, handicapped; disability
across cultural contexts; disability in the Indian setting (including
Disability Act 96).
b. Sensory disabilities : visual impairment : degrees of blindness : cognitive
development perception and representation, laterlization and ability; space
without vision, Social factors and blindness; Educational and Vocational
implications.
c. Sensory disabilities : Hearing Impairment; History and development of
deafness; Degrees of deafness; Language and thinking in deaf; Working
memory and inner speech : Laterlization and related effects; Social factors
and deafness; Educational and Vocational implications.
d. Mental retradation and slow learners : Definition and categorization of
MR; Paradigms in conceptualizating MR and their research and
intervention implications; Causes of MR; Educational and vocational
training; Slow learners.
e. Learning disorders : Reading disorders; writing disorders; arithmetic
disorders.
2. Development of Psychopathology :
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a. Introduction : Development psychopathology in India.
b. Internalizing Disorders : Anxiety Disorders; Childhood depression;
Conversion reaction; Obsessive compulsive behaviour.
c. Externalizing Disorder : Conduct disorder, Attention deficit, hyperactivity
disorder.
d. Pervasive Developmental disorders : Autism.
e. Intervention related issues : Emergent needs and skills.

(IV) POLITICAL PSYCHOLOGY

1. Introduction : Meaning and scope of political psychology. Domains of
political behaviour.
2. Political Foundation of Knowledge: Ideology and social sciences, Knowledge
and power, Knowledge as a tool for maintaining and critiquing status quo,
Psychology and its liberal ideological underpinnings.
3. Methods of Political Psychology : Experimental method, Survey, Developing
questionnaire, Difference between Questionnaires and Schedule, Construction
of attitude scale, Interview, Policy research, Programme development and
evolution.
4. Ideology and human nature : Conservative, liberal and radical ideologies and
their assumption of human nature and their implications for law (specifically
right and duties of the citizens) and political institutions specifically
democratic and authoritarian regimes and institutions.
5. Theories of Political Institutions and the Socio-historical Roots : Origin and
nature of state, origin and nature of nation (primordial and modernist
perspective) and nature of nationalism (nature and socio-historical roots,
especially in the context of Indian sub-continent); Notion of nation-state and
state-nation, Challenges to the nation state in "multicultural scieues" (specially
the case of Indian sub-continent). Nature and development "ethic"
(specifically, the case of Indian sub-continent). nature and development of
"ethnic" and "national" identities and their relation; Politics of secularism.
6. Electoral politics and Voting behaviour : Political attitude and affiliations
(specially formation, sustenance, changes and their relations with electoral
politics), Determinants of voting behaviour (specifically issues around attitude
behaviour controversy and factors influencing voting behaviour). Gender and
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electoral politics specifically issues and factors involved in encouraging or
inhibiting participation of women in electoral politics, including their voting
behaviour.
7. Political knowledge : Nature and political Knowledge, Cognitive factors
involved in political knowledge, political knowledge and political behaviour;
nature and political propaganda and propaganda warfare; diplomacy.
8. Ethno-political Conflict : The nature of and factors behind the rise of ethnicity
(specifically the theories), nature of revivalism, fundamentalism and
communalism, Theories of ethno-political conflict, Nature and theories of
autonomy and secessionist movement, theories and nature of international
conflict, conflict management and resolution (in the national and international
context), Nature of terrorism and psychosocial perspective on terroris;
disarmament.
9. Politics of social movements : Nature, perspective and sociopolitical roots of
social movements pertaining to Environment, Literacy, Public health;
Physically and mentally challenged population, and weaker section. NGOs
and its role in social change.
10. Politics and Leadership : Nature and type of political leadership, personality
and politics.

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