Đề Cương TACN
Đề Cương TACN
Đề Cương TACN
UNIT 1:
II. UNIT 2:
b. What is computer?
- Computers are electronic machines which can accept data in a certain form, process
the data and give the results of the processing in a specified format as information.
e. CPU, Main Memory, Peripherals, Storage devices, Disk drives, Input devices, Output
devices.
- CPU: Perhaps the most influential component is the central processing unit (CPU). Its
function is to execute program instructions and coordinate the activities of all the other
units.
- Main memory: The main memory holds the instruction and data which are currently
being processed by the CPU.
- Peripherals: The peripherals are the physical units attached to computer. They include
storage devices and input/output devices.
- Storage devices: Storage devices (floppy, hard or optical disk) provide a permanent
storage of both data and programs.
- Disk drivers: Disk drivers are used to handle on or more floppy disks.
- Input devices: Input devices enable data to go into the computer’s memory. The most
common input devices are the mouse and the keyboard.
- Output devices: Output devices enable us to extract the finished product from the
system.
g. What is virus
- Viruses are programs that have been written to make a computer be have in an
unexpected and undesired way.
c. Lightpen
A lightpen can be used to draw pictures directly on to a computer screen or to read the
pattern on a barcode. A lightpen that can read barcodes detects the difference between
the light reflected from a black barcode line and its lighter background.
d. Scanner
Using a scanner you can input printed drawing, photographs, or text directly into a
computer. A scanner works like a photocopier - a light is shown on the material and the
scanner detects the reflected light. You can use a scanner with optical character
recognition (OCR) software to input the scanned text into a word processing package.
IV. UNIT 4:
a. Three different types of printers:
- Dot-matrix printer:
Dot-matrix printers are the cheapest kind of printer, but their print quality is low and they
are slow and noisy. They're cheap to run.
- Inkjet printer:
Pay a bit more for an inkjet and you get better quality and quieter operation but inkjets
are relatively slow and also expensive to run. They're good choice for colour.
- Laser printer:
A laser printer gives you the best quality of output. It prints faster than either of the other
two types of printer and it costs less to run than an inkjet. It's great for black and white. It
costs almost twice as much.
b. Key board:
- Alphanumeric keys: arranged in the same order as a type writer.
- Function keys: used by various programs to instruct the PC to perform specific tasks,
such as save, copy, cut paste, help,…
- Numeric keypad: set of numeric or editing keys. The Num Lock key is used to switch
from numbers to editing functions.
- Editing keys: cursor and other keys usually used within word processors to page up
and down in a long document or to edit text (using Insert or Delete keys).
- Special keys: used to issue commands or to produce alternative characters in key
combinations, for example, the Alt key.
V. UNIT 5:
a. Summary of storage devices
Floppies are very cheap, but they are slow and have a limited capacity. Hard disks are
fast and can store large amounts of data but they are fixed inside the computer, so you
cannot use them to transfer data. You can transfer data with removable hard disks,
so they are expensive. CD-ROM disks can hold quite large amounts of data, however,
they are usually read-only because you cannot change the information on them.
Magneto-optical disks are like CD-ROMs but you can write data on to them. They are
removable and have large capacities. But they are expensive and do not conform to a
standard. Therefore they are not very common. Magnetic tape is cheap and has a large
capacity, but it does not allow random access and drives are very slow. For this
reason it is only suitable for backups.
b. Floppy disk:
Most computers use floppy disks. Floppies conform to a standard and you can use them
to carry data from one place to another. They are also very cheap, but they are slow
and have a limited capacity.
e. CD-ROM disk:
CD-ROM disks are very common and conform to a standard. They are removable and
can hold large amounts of data. They are also cheap to make. However, they are
usually read-only. You cannot change the information on them. They are also slow
compared to hard disks.
f. Magneto-optical disk:
Magneto-optical disks are like CD-ROMs, but you can write data on to them. They are
removable, have large capacities, and last for a long time, but they are expensive and
do not all conform to one standard. For this reason they are not very common.
g. Magnetic tape:
Magnetic tape is a cheap medium. You can use it to store very large amounts of data,
but it does not allow random access. Every time you read or write a piece of data, you
start at the beginning of the tape. Tape drives are slow. Therefore, it is only suitable for
doing backups.
VI. UNIT 7:
a. What is a network?
A network is simply two or more computers linked together. It allows users to share not
only data files and software applications, but also hardware like printers and other
computer resources such as fax.
d. Password:
- Password should:
+ be at least 6 characters long.
+ have a mixture of numbers and letters.
+ have a mixture of capital and small letters.
+ be easy to remember.
- Password should not:
+ be a word from a dictionary.
+ be a common name.
+ include space, hyphens, dots, or symbols with a special meaning in computing.