NYS COMMON CORE MATHEMATICS CURRICULUM Lesson 21 8•7

Lesson 21: Volume of Composite Solids

Student Outcomes
 Students find the volumes of figures composed of combinations of cylinders, cones, and spheres.

Classwork
Exploratory Challenge/Exercises 1–4 (20 minutes)
Students should know that volumes can be added as long as the solids touch only on the boundaries of their figures.
That is, there cannot be any overlapping sections. Students should understand this with the first exercise. Then, allow
them to work independently or in pairs to determine the volumes of composite solids in Exercises 1–4. All of the
exercises include MP.1, where students persevere with some challenging problems and compare solution methods, and
MP.2, where students explain how the structure of their expressions relate to the diagrams from which they were
created.

Exercises 1–4

1.
a. Write an expression that can be used to find the volume of the chest shown below. Explain what each part of
your expression represents. (Assume the ends of the top portion of the chest are semicircular.)

𝟏
(𝟒 × 𝟏𝟓. 𝟑 × 𝟔) + (𝝅(𝟐)𝟐 (𝟏𝟓. 𝟑))
𝟐
The expression (𝟒 × 𝟏𝟓. 𝟑 × 𝟔) represents the volume of
𝟏
the prism, and (𝝅(𝟐)𝟐 (𝟏𝟓. 𝟑)) is the volume of the half-
𝟐
cylinder on top of the chest. Adding the volumes together
will give the total volume of the chest.

b. What is the approximate volume of the chest shown above? Use 𝟑. 𝟏𝟒 for an approximation of 𝝅. Round
your final answer to the tenths place.

The rectangular prism at the bottom has the The half-cylinder top has the following volume:
following volume: 𝟏
𝑽= (𝝅(𝟐)𝟐 (𝟏𝟓. 𝟑))
𝑽 = 𝟒 × 𝟏𝟓. 𝟑 × 𝟔 𝟐
= 𝟑𝟔𝟕. 𝟐. 𝟏
= (𝟔𝟏. 𝟐𝝅)
𝟐
= 𝟑𝟎. 𝟔𝝅
≈ 𝟗𝟔. 𝟎𝟖𝟒.

𝟑𝟔𝟕. 𝟐 + 𝟗𝟔. 𝟎𝟖𝟒 = 𝟒𝟔𝟑. 𝟐𝟖𝟒 ≈ 𝟒𝟔𝟑. 𝟑

The total volume of the chest shown is approximately 𝟒𝟔𝟑. 𝟑 𝐟𝐭 𝟑.

Once students have finished the first exercise, ask them what they noticed about the total volume of the chest and what
they noticed about the boundaries of each figure that comprised the shape of the chest. These questions illustrate the
key understanding that volume is additive as long as the solids touch only at the boundaries and do not overlap.

Lesson 21: Volume of Composite Solids

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 NYS COMMON CORE MATHEMATICS CURRICULUM Lesson 21 8•7

2.
a. Write an expression for finding the volume of the figure, an ice cream cone and scoop, shown below. Explain
what each part of your expression represents. (Assume the sphere just touches
the base of the cone.)
𝟒 𝟏
𝝅(𝟏)𝟑 + 𝝅(𝟏)𝟐 (𝟑)
𝟑 𝟑
𝟒 𝟏
The expression 𝝅(𝟏)𝟑 represents the volume of the sphere, and 𝝅(𝟏)𝟐 (𝟑)
𝟑 𝟑
represents the volume of the cone. The sum of those two expressions gives the
total volume of the figure.

b. Assuming every part of the cone can be filled with ice cream, what is the exact
and approximate volume of the cone and scoop? (Recall that exact answers are
left in terms of 𝝅, and approximate answers use 𝟑. 𝟏𝟒 for 𝝅). Round your
approximate answer to the hundredths place.

The volume of the scoop is The volume of the cone is

𝟒 𝟏
𝑽 = 𝝅(𝟏)𝟑 𝑽= 𝝅(𝟏)𝟐 (𝟑)
𝟑 𝟑
𝟒 =𝝅
= 𝝅
𝟑 ≈ 𝟑. 𝟏𝟒.
≈ 𝟒. 𝟏𝟗.
The total volume of the cone and scoop is approximately 𝟒. 𝟏𝟗 𝐢𝐧𝟑 + 𝟑. 𝟏𝟒 𝐢𝐧𝟑, which is 𝟕. 𝟑𝟑 𝐢𝐧𝟑 . The exact
𝟒 𝟕
volume of the cone and scoop is 𝝅 𝐢𝐧𝟑 + 𝝅 𝐢𝐧𝟑 = 𝝅 𝐢𝐧𝟑 .
𝟑 𝟑

3.
a. Write an expression for finding the volume of the figure shown below. Explain what each part of your
expression represents.

𝟏 𝟐 𝟒
(𝟓 × 𝟓 × 𝟐) + 𝝅 ( ) (𝟔) + 𝝅(𝟐. 𝟓)𝟑
𝟐 𝟑
The expression (𝟓 × 𝟓 × 𝟐) represents the volume of the rectangular
𝟐
𝟏 𝟒
base, 𝝅 ( ) (𝟔) represents the volume of the cylinder, and 𝝅(𝟐. 𝟓)𝟑 is
𝟐 𝟑
the volume of the sphere on top. The sum of the separate volumes gives
the total volume of the figure.

Lesson 21: Volume of Composite Solids

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 NYS COMMON CORE MATHEMATICS CURRICULUM Lesson 21 8•7

b. Every part of the trophy shown is solid and made out of silver. How much silver is used to produce one
trophy? Give an exact and approximate answer rounded to the hundredths place.

The volume of the rectangular The volume of the cylinder holding The volume of the basketball is
base is up the basketball is
𝟒
𝟏 𝟐 𝑽= 𝝅(𝟐. 𝟓)𝟑
𝑽 =𝟓×𝟓×𝟐 𝑽 = 𝝅 ( ) (𝟔) 𝟑
= 𝟓𝟎. 𝟐 𝟒
𝟏 = 𝝅(𝟏𝟓. 𝟔𝟐𝟓)
= 𝝅(𝟔) 𝟑
𝟒 𝟔𝟐. 𝟓
𝟑 = 𝝅
= 𝝅 𝟑
𝟐
≈ 𝟔𝟓. 𝟒𝟐.
≈ 𝟒. 𝟕𝟏.

The approximate total volume of silver needed is 𝟓𝟎 𝐢𝐧𝟑 + 𝟒. 𝟕𝟏 𝐢𝐧𝟑 + 𝟔𝟓. 𝟒𝟐 𝐢𝐧𝟑 , which is 𝟏𝟐𝟎. 𝟏𝟑 𝐢𝐧𝟑 .

The exact volume of the trophy is calculated as follows:

𝟑 𝟔𝟐. 𝟓
𝑽 = 𝟓𝟎 𝐢𝐧𝟑 + 𝝅 𝐢𝐧𝟑 + 𝝅 𝐢𝐧𝟑
𝟐 𝟑
𝟑 𝟔𝟐. 𝟓
= 𝟓𝟎 𝐢𝐧𝟑 + ( + ) 𝝅 𝐢𝐧𝟑
𝟐 𝟑
𝟏𝟑𝟒
= 𝟓𝟎 𝐢𝐧𝟑 + 𝝅 𝐢𝐧𝟑
𝟔
𝟔𝟕
= 𝟓𝟎 𝐢𝐧𝟑 + 𝝅 𝐢𝐧𝟑 .
𝟑

𝟔𝟕
The exact volume of the trophy is 𝟓𝟎 𝐢𝐧𝟑 + 𝝅 𝐢𝐧𝟑 .
𝟑

Lesson 21: Volume of Composite Solids

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 NYS COMMON CORE MATHEMATICS CURRICULUM Lesson 21 8•7

4. Use the diagram of scoops below to answer parts (a) and (b).
a. Order the scoops from least to greatest in terms of their volumes. Each scoop is measured in inches.
(Assume the third scoop is hemi-spherical.).

The volume of the cylindrical The volume of the spherical The volume of the truncated cone
scoop is scoop is scoop is as follows.
𝟏 𝟐
𝑽 = 𝝅 ( ) (𝟏) 𝟏 𝟒 𝟏 𝟑 Let 𝒙 represent the height of the
𝟐 𝑽= ( 𝝅( ) )
𝟏 𝟐 𝟑 𝟐 portion of the cone that was
= 𝝅. removed.
𝟒 𝟏 𝟒 𝟏
= ( 𝝅 ( ))
𝟐 𝟑 𝟖 𝟎. 𝟓 𝒙+𝟏
=
𝟒 𝟎. 𝟑𝟕𝟓 𝒙
= 𝝅
𝟒𝟖 𝟎. 𝟓𝒙 = 𝟎. 𝟑𝟕𝟓(𝒙 + 𝟏)
𝟏 𝟎. 𝟓𝒙 = 𝟎. 𝟑𝟕𝟓𝒙 + 𝟎. 𝟑𝟕𝟓
= 𝝅.
𝟏𝟐
𝟎. 𝟏𝟐𝟓𝒙 = 𝟎. 𝟑𝟕𝟓
𝒙=𝟑

The volume of the small cone is The volume of the large cone is The volume of the truncated
cone is
𝟏 𝟏
𝑽= 𝝅(𝟎. 𝟑𝟕𝟓)𝟐 (𝟑) 𝑽= 𝝅(𝟎. 𝟓)𝟐 (𝟒) 𝟏 𝟗 𝟏 𝟗
𝟑 𝟑 𝝅− 𝝅 = ( − )𝝅
𝟗 𝟏 𝟑 𝟔𝟒 𝟑 𝟔𝟒
= 𝝅. = 𝝅. 𝟔𝟒 − 𝟐𝟕
𝟔𝟒 𝟑 = 𝝅
𝟏𝟗𝟐
𝟑𝟕
= 𝝅.
𝟏𝟗𝟐
𝟏 𝟏 𝟑𝟕
The three scoops have volumes of 𝝅 𝐢𝐧𝟑 , 𝝅 𝐢𝐧𝟑 , and 𝝅 𝐢𝐧𝟑 . In order from least to greatest, they are
𝟒 𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟗𝟐
𝟏 𝟑𝟕 𝟏
𝝅 𝐢𝐧𝟑 , 𝝅 𝐢𝐧𝟑 , and 𝝅 𝐢𝐧𝟑 . Therefore, the spherical scoop is the smallest, followed by the truncated
𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟗𝟐 𝟒
cone scoop, and lastly the cylindrical scoop.

Lesson 21: Volume of Composite Solids

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 NYS COMMON CORE MATHEMATICS CURRICULUM Lesson 21 8•7

b. How many of each scoop would be needed to add a half-cup of sugar to a cupcake mixture? (One-half cup is
approximately 𝟕 𝐢𝐧𝟑 .) Round your answer to a whole number of scoops.
𝟏
The cylindrical scoop is 𝝅 𝐢𝐧𝟑 , which is approximately 𝟎. 𝟕𝟖𝟓 𝐢𝐧𝟑. Let 𝒙 be the number of scoops needed to
𝟒
fill one-half cup.

𝟎. 𝟕𝟖𝟓𝒙 = 𝟕
𝟕
𝒙=
𝟎. 𝟕𝟖𝟓
= 𝟖. 𝟗𝟏𝟕𝟏…
≈𝟗

It would take about 𝟗 scoops of the cylindrical cup to fill one-half cup.
𝟏
The spherical scoop is 𝝅 𝐢𝐧𝟑 , which is approximately 𝟎. 𝟐𝟔𝟐 𝐢𝐧𝟑. Let 𝒙 be the number of scoops needed to
𝟏𝟐
fill one-half cup.

𝟎. 𝟐𝟔𝟐𝒙 = 𝟕
𝟕
𝒙=
𝟎. 𝟐𝟔𝟐
= 𝟐𝟔. 𝟕𝟏𝟕𝟓𝟓…
≈ 𝟐𝟕

It would take about 𝟐𝟕 scoops of the cylindrical cup to fill one-half cup.
𝟑𝟕
The truncated cone scoop is 𝝅 𝐢𝐧𝟑 , which is approximately 𝟎. 𝟔𝟎𝟓 𝐢𝐧𝟑 . Let 𝒙 be the number of scoops
𝟏𝟗𝟐
needed to fill one-half cup.

𝟎. 𝟔𝟎𝟓𝒙 = 𝟕
𝟕
𝒙=
𝟎. 𝟔𝟎𝟓
= 𝟏𝟏. 𝟓𝟕𝟎𝟐𝟒…
≈ 𝟏𝟐

It would take about 𝟏𝟐 scoops of the cylindrical cup to fill one-half cup.

Discussion (15 minutes)

Ask students how they were able to determine the volume of each composite solid in Exercises 1–4. Select a student
(or pair) to share their work with the class. Tell them to explain their process using the vocabulary related to the
concepts needed to solve the problem. Encourage other students to critique the reasoning of their classmates and to
hold them all accountable for the precision of their language. The following questions could be used to highlight MP.1
and MP.2.
 Is it possible to determine the volume of the solid in one step? Explain why or why not.
 What simpler problems were needed in order to determine the answer to the complex problem?
 How did your method of solving differ from the one shown?
 What did you need to do in order to determine the volume of the composite solids?
 What symbols or variables were used in your calculations, and how did you use them?
 What factors might account for minor differences in solutions?
 What expressions were used to represent the figures they model?

Lesson 21: Volume of Composite Solids

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 NYS COMMON CORE MATHEMATICS CURRICULUM Lesson 21 8•7

Closing (5 minutes)
Summarize, or ask students to summarize, the main points from the lesson.
 We know how to use the formulas for cones, cylinders, spheres, and truncated cones to determine the volume
of a composite solid, provided no parts of the individual components overlap.

Lesson Summary
Composite solids are figures comprising more than one solid. Volumes of composite solids can be added as long as
no parts of the solids overlap. That is, they touch only at their boundaries.

Exit Ticket (5 minutes)

Lesson 21: Volume of Composite Solids

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 NYS COMMON CORE MATHEMATICS CURRICULUM Lesson 21 8•7

Name Date

Lesson 21: Volume of Composite Solids

Exit Ticket

Andrew bought a new pencil like the one shown below on the left. He used the pencil every day in his math class for a
week, and now his pencil looks like the one shown below on the right. How much of the pencil, in terms of volume, did
he use?
Note: Figures are not drawn to scale.

Lesson 21: Volume of Composite Solids

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 NYS COMMON CORE MATHEMATICS CURRICULUM Lesson 21 8•7

Exit Ticket Sample Solutions

Andrew bought a new pencil like the one shown below on the left. He used the pencil every day in his math class for a
week, and now his pencil looks like the one shown below on the right. How much of the pencil, in terms of volume, did
he use?

𝑽 = 𝝅(𝟎. 𝟑𝟕𝟓)𝟐 (𝟖)

𝑽 = 𝟏. 𝟏𝟐𝟓𝝅

Volume of the pencil at the beginning of the week was 𝟏. 𝟏𝟐𝟓𝝅 𝐢𝐧𝟑.

𝑽 = 𝝅(𝟎. 𝟑𝟕𝟓)𝟐 (𝟐. 𝟓)

𝑽 ≈ 𝟎. 𝟑𝟓𝟏𝟓𝝅

The volume of the cylindrical part of the pencil is approximately 𝟎. 𝟑𝟓𝟏𝟓𝝅 𝐢𝐧𝟑 .
𝟏
𝑽= 𝝅(𝟎. 𝟑𝟕𝟓)𝟐 (𝟎. 𝟕𝟓)
𝟑
𝟎. 𝟏𝟎𝟓𝟒
𝑽≈ 𝝅
𝟑
𝑽 ≈ 𝟎. 𝟎𝟑𝟓𝟏𝝅

The volume of the cone part of the pencil is approximately 𝟎. 𝟎𝟑𝟓𝟏𝝅 𝐢𝐧𝟑.

𝟎. 𝟑𝟓𝟏𝟓𝝅 + 𝟎. 𝟎𝟑𝟓𝟏𝝅 = (𝟎. 𝟑𝟓𝟏𝟓 + 𝟎. 𝟎𝟑𝟓𝟏)𝝅 = 𝟎. 𝟑𝟖𝟔𝟔𝝅

The total volume of the pencil after a week is approximately 𝟎. 𝟑𝟖𝟔𝟔𝝅 𝐢𝐧𝟑 .

𝟏. 𝟏𝟐𝟓𝝅 − 𝟎. 𝟑𝟖𝟔𝟔𝝅 = (𝟏. 𝟏𝟐𝟓 − 𝟎. 𝟑𝟖𝟔𝟔)𝝅 = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟑𝟖𝟒𝝅

In one week, Andrew used approximately 𝟎. 𝟕𝟑𝟖𝟒𝝅 𝐢𝐧𝟑 of the pencil’s total
volume.

Lesson 21: Volume of Composite Solids

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 NYS COMMON CORE MATHEMATICS CURRICULUM Lesson 21 8•7

Problem Set Sample Solutions

1. What volume of sand is required to completely fill up the hourglass shown below? Note: 𝟏𝟐 𝐦 is the height of the
truncated cone, not the lateral length of the cone.

Let 𝒙 𝐦 represent the height of the portion of the cone that has been removed.
𝟒 𝒙
=
𝟗 𝒙 + 𝟏𝟐
𝟒(𝒙 + 𝟏𝟐) = 𝟗𝒙
𝟒𝒙 + 𝟒𝟖 = 𝟗𝒙
𝟒𝟖 = 𝟓𝒙
𝟒𝟖
=𝒙
𝟓
𝟗. 𝟔 = 𝒙

The volume of the removed cone is The volume of the cone is

𝟏 𝟏
𝑽 = 𝝅(𝟒)𝟐 (𝟗. 𝟔) 𝑽 = 𝝅(𝟗)𝟐 (𝟐𝟏. 𝟔)
𝟑 𝟑
𝟏𝟓𝟑. 𝟔 𝟏𝟕𝟒𝟗. 𝟔
= 𝝅. = 𝝅.
𝟑 𝟑
The volume of one truncated cone is
𝟏𝟕𝟒𝟗. 𝟔 𝟏𝟓𝟑. 𝟔 𝟏𝟕𝟒𝟗. 𝟔 𝟏𝟓𝟑. 𝟔
𝝅− 𝝅=( − )𝝅
𝟑 𝟑 𝟑 𝟑
𝟏𝟓𝟗𝟔
= 𝝅
𝟑
= 𝟓𝟑𝟐 𝝅.

The volume of sand needed to fill the hourglass is 𝟏𝟎𝟔𝟒𝝅 𝐦𝟑.

2.
a. Write an expression for finding the volume of the prism with the pyramid portion removed. Explain what
each part of your expression represents.
𝟏
(𝟏𝟐)𝟑 − (𝟏𝟐)𝟑
𝟑
𝟏
The expression (𝟏𝟐)𝟑 represents the volume of the cube, and (𝟏𝟐)𝟑
𝟑
represents the volume of the pyramid. Since the pyramid’s volume is
being removed from the cube, we subtract the volume of the pyramid
from the volume of the cube.

b. What is the volume of the prism shown above with the pyramid portion removed?

The volume of the prism is The volume of the pyramid is

𝑽 = (𝟏𝟐)𝟑 𝟏
𝑽= (𝟏𝟕𝟐𝟖)
= 𝟏𝟕𝟐𝟖. 𝟑
= 𝟓𝟕𝟔.

The volume of the prism with the pyramid removed is 𝟏, 𝟏𝟓𝟐 𝐮𝐧𝐢𝐭𝐬 𝟑.

Lesson 21: Volume of Composite Solids

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 NYS COMMON CORE MATHEMATICS CURRICULUM Lesson 21 8•7

3.
a. Write an expression for finding the volume of the funnel shown to the right. Explain what each part of your
expression represents.
𝟏 𝟏
𝝅(𝟒)𝟐 (𝟏𝟒) + ( 𝝅(𝟖)𝟐 (𝒙 + 𝟏𝟔) − 𝝅(𝟒)𝟐 𝒙)
𝟑 𝟑
The expression 𝝅(𝟒)𝟐 (𝟏𝟒) represents the volume of the cylinder. The
𝟏 𝟏
expression ( 𝝅(𝟖)𝟐 (𝒙 + 𝟏𝟔) − 𝝅(𝟒)𝟐 𝒙) represents the volume of the
𝟑 𝟑
truncated cone.
The 𝒙 represents the unknown height of the smaller cone that has been
removed. When the volume of the cylinder is added to the volume of the
truncated cone, then we will have the volume of the funnel shown.

b. Determine the exact volume of the funnel.

The volume of the cylinder is

𝑽 = 𝝅(𝟒)𝟐 (𝟏𝟒)
= 𝟐𝟐𝟒𝝅.

Let 𝒙 𝐜𝐦 be the height of the cone that has been removed.

𝟒 𝒙
=
𝟖 𝒙 + 𝟏𝟔
𝟒(𝒙 + 𝟏𝟔) = 𝟖𝒙
𝟒𝒙 + 𝟔𝟒 = 𝟖𝒙
𝟔𝟒 = 𝟒𝒙
𝟏𝟔 = 𝒙
The volume of the small cone is The volume of the large cone is

𝟏 𝟏
𝑽= 𝝅(𝟒)𝟐 (𝟏𝟔) 𝑽= 𝝅(𝟖)𝟐 (𝟑𝟐)
𝟑 𝟑
𝟐𝟓𝟔 𝟐𝟎𝟒𝟖
= 𝝅. = 𝝅.
𝟑 𝟑

The volume of the truncated cone is

𝟐𝟎𝟒𝟖 𝟐𝟓𝟔 𝟐𝟎𝟒𝟖 𝟐𝟓𝟔
𝝅− 𝝅=( − )𝝅
𝟑 𝟑 𝟑 𝟑
𝟏𝟕𝟗𝟐
= 𝝅.
𝟑
𝟏𝟕𝟗𝟐 𝟏
The volume of the funnel is 𝟐𝟐𝟒𝝅 𝐜𝐦𝟑 + 𝝅 𝐜𝐦𝟑, which is 𝟖𝟐𝟏 𝝅 𝐜𝐦𝟑 .
𝟑 𝟑

Lesson 21: Volume of Composite Solids

303
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 NYS COMMON CORE MATHEMATICS CURRICULUM Lesson 21 8•7

4. What is the approximate volume of the rectangular prism with a cylindrical hole shown below? Use 𝟑. 𝟏𝟒 for 𝝅.
Round your answer to the tenths place.

The volume of the prism is

𝑽 = (𝟖. 𝟓)(𝟔)(𝟐𝟏. 𝟐𝟓)

= 𝟏𝟎𝟖𝟑. 𝟕𝟓.

The volume of the cylinder is

𝑽 = 𝝅(𝟐. 𝟐𝟓)𝟐 (𝟔)

= 𝟑𝟎. 𝟑𝟕𝟓𝝅
≈ 𝟗𝟓. 𝟑𝟕𝟕𝟓.

The volume of the prism with the cylindrical hole is approximately

𝟗𝟖𝟖. 𝟒 𝐢𝐧𝟑 , because 𝟏𝟎𝟖𝟑. 𝟕𝟓 𝐢𝐧𝟑 − 𝟗𝟓. 𝟑𝟕𝟕𝟓 𝐢𝐧𝟑 = 𝟗𝟖𝟖. 𝟑𝟕𝟐𝟓 𝐢𝐧𝟑.

5. A layered cake is being made to celebrate the end of the school year. What is the exact total volume of the cake
shown below?

The bottom layer’s The middle layer’s The top layer’s

volume is volume is volume is

𝑽 = (𝟖)𝟐 𝝅(𝟒) 𝑽 = (𝟒)𝟐 𝝅(𝟒) 𝑽 = (𝟐)𝟐 𝝅(𝟒)

= 𝟐𝟓𝟔𝝅. = 𝟔𝟒𝝅. = 𝟏𝟔𝝅.

The total volume of the cake is

𝟐𝟓𝟔𝝅 𝐢𝐧𝟑 + 𝟔𝟒𝝅 𝐢𝐧𝟑 + 𝟏𝟔𝝅 𝐢𝐧𝟑 = (𝟐𝟓𝟔 + 𝟔𝟒 + 𝟏𝟔)𝝅 𝐢𝐧𝟑 = 𝟑𝟑𝟔𝝅 𝐢𝐧𝟑.

Lesson 21: Volume of Composite Solids

304
This work is derived from Eureka Math ™ and licensed by Great Minds. ©2015 Great Minds. eureka-math.org This work is licensed under a
This file derived from G8-M7-TE-1.3.0-10.2015 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License.