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SQL Commands: Alter Table

The document defines SQL commands and functions used to manipulate and retrieve data from databases. It provides examples of SQL statements for SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, CREATE TABLE, ALTER TABLE, WHERE, ORDER BY, LIMIT, COUNT, AVG, SUM, MIN, MAX, DISTINCT, BETWEEN, IS NULL, ROUND and examples of their usage.

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Muskaan Naseer
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30 views4 pages

SQL Commands: Alter Table

The document defines SQL commands and functions used to manipulate and retrieve data from databases. It provides examples of SQL statements for SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, CREATE TABLE, ALTER TABLE, WHERE, ORDER BY, LIMIT, COUNT, AVG, SUM, MIN, MAX, DISTINCT, BETWEEN, IS NULL, ROUND and examples of their usage.

Uploaded by

Muskaan Naseer
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
Download as pdf or txt
Download as pdf or txt
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SQL Commands

ALTER TABLE

ALTER TABLE table_name


ADD column_name datatype;
ALTER TABLE lets you add columns to a table in a database.

AND

SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table_name
WHERE column_1 = value_1
AND column_2 = value_2;
AND is an operator that combines two conditions. Both conditions must be true for
the row to be included in the result set.

AVG()

SELECT AVG(column_name)
FROM table_name;
AVG() is an aggregate function that returns the average value for a numeric
column.

BETWEEN

SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table_name
WHERE column_name BETWEEN value_1 AND value_2;
The BETWEEN operator is used to filter the result set within a certain range. The
values can be numbers, text or dates.

COUNT()

SELECT COUNT(column_name)
FROM table_name;
COUNT() is a function that takes the name of a column as an argument and counts
the number of rows where the column is not NULL.
CREATE TABLE

CREATE TABLE table_name (


column_1 datatype,
column_2 datatype,
column_3 datatype
);
CREATE TABLE creates a new table in the database. It allows you to specify the
name of the table and the name of each column in the table.

DELETE

DELETE FROM table_name


WHERE some_column = some_value;
DELETE statements are used to remove rows from a table.

INSERT

INSERT INTO table_name (column_1, column_2, column_3)


VALUES (value_1, 'value_2', value_3);
INSERT statements are used to add a new row to a table.

IS NULL / IS NOT NULL

SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table_name
WHERE column_name IS NULL;
IS NULL and IS NOT NULL are operators used with the WHERE clause to test for empty
values.

LIMIT

SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table_name
LIMIT number;
LIMIT is a clause that lets you specify the maximum number of rows the result set
will have.
MAX()

SELECT MAX(column_name)
FROM table_name;
MAX() is a function that takes the name of a column as an argument and returns
the largest value in that column.

MIN()

SELECT MIN(column_name)
FROM table_name;
MIN() is a function that takes the name of a column as an argument and returns
the smallest value in that column.

ORDER BY

SELECT column_name
FROM table_name
ORDER BY column_name ASC | DESC;
ORDER BY is a clause that indicates you want to sort the result set by a particular
column either alphabetically or numerically.

ROUND()

SELECT ROUND(column_name, integer)


FROM table_name;
ROUND() is a function that takes a column name and an integer as arguments. It
rounds the values in the column to the number of decimal places specified by the
integer.

SELECT

SELECT column_name
FROM table_name;
SELECT statements are used to fetch data from a database. Every query will begin
with SELECT.
SELECT DISTINCT

SELECT DISTINCT column_name


FROM table_name;
SELECT DISTINCT specifies that the statement is going to be a query that returns
unique values in the specified column(s).

SUM

SELECT SUM(column_name)
FROM table_name;
SUM() is a function that takes the name of a column as an argument and returns
the sum of all the values in that column.

UPDATE

UPDATE table_name
SET some_column = some_value
WHERE some_column = some_value;
UPDATE statements allow you to edit rows in a table.

WHERE

SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table_name
WHERE column_name operator value;
WHERE is a clause that indicates you want to filter the result set to include only
rows where the following condition is true.

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